文章目录

• ①. 整体查看主启动类
• ②. @SpringBootConfiguration
• ③. @ComponentScan
• ④. @EnableAutoConfiguration
• ⑤. Lombok
• ⑥. 最佳实践-dev-tools
• ⑦. 最佳实践-Spring Initailizr

①. 整体查看主启动类

• ①. 主启动类如下

@SpringBootApplication
public class MainApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(MainApplication.class, args);
    }
}

• ②. 重点分析
  @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan

@Target(ElementType.TYPE)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@SpringBootConfiguration
@EnableAutoConfiguration
@ComponentScan(
    excludeFilters = {@Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {TypeExcludeFilter.class}
), @Filter(
    type = FilterType.CUSTOM,
    classes = {AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class}
)}
)

②. @SpringBootConfiguration

• ①. 在SpringBootConfiguration中有一个注解@Configuration,标注这个注解的类就是一个配置类

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Configuration
public @interface SpringBootConfiguration {
    @AliasFor(
        annotation = Configuration.class
    )
    boolean proxyBeanMethods() default true;
}

• ②. @Configuration这个注解用于以JavaConfig的方式来定义配置类,可替换 xml 配置文件,被注解的类内部包含有一个或多个被@Bean注解的方法,这些方法将会被AnnotationConfigAppli cationContext或AnnotationConfig WebApplicationContext类进行扫描,并用于构建bean定义,初始化Spring容器。这也是SpringBoot中没有xml配置文件的原因,SpringBoot都是通过配置类的方式将Bean注入到SpringIOC的容器中

③. @ComponentScan

• 扫描标明了@SpringBootApplication的类或及其子包进行一个扫描

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Documented
@Repeatable(ComponentScans.class)
public @interface ComponentScan {

④. @EnableAutoConfiguration

• ①. 主要的代码如下

@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
@Inherited
@AutoConfigurationPackage
@Import({AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class})
public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration {

• ②. @AutoConfigurationPackage:给容器中导入一个组件,利用Registrar给容器导入一系列组件,将指定的一个包下的所有组件导入进来(MainApplication所在的包下)
  
• ③. @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
  (1). 利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件
  (2). 调用List configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
  (3). 利用工厂加载 Map<String, List> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader):得到所有的组件
  (4). 从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件。
  默认扫描我们当前系统里面所有META-INF/spring.factories位置的文件
  spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.3.4.RELEASE.jar包里面也有META-INF/spring.factories
  并不是所有的Bean都会被初始化,在配置类中使用Condition来加载满足条件的Bean

   public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
       if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
           return NO_IMPORTS;
       } else {
           //(1). 利用getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);给容器中批量导入一些组件
           AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry =
           this.getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata);
           return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations());
       }
   }
   protected AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) {
      if (!this.isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) {
          return EMPTY_ENTRY;
      } else {
          AnnotationAttributes attributes = this.getAttributes(annotationMetadata);
          //(2). 调用List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes)
          //获取到所有需要导入到容器中的配置类
          List<String> configurations = this.getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes);
          configurations = this.removeDuplicates(configurations);
          Set<String> exclusions = this.getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes);
          this.checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions);
          configurations.removeAll(exclusions);
          configurations = this.getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations);
          this.fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions);
          return new AutoConfigurationImportSelector.AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions);
      }
  }
   protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
      List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(this.getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), this.getBeanClassLoader());
      Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
      return configurations;
  }
  //(3). 利用工厂加载 Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader 
  //classLoader)得到所有的组件
  public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
      String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName();
      return (List)loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList());
  }
  private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
     MultiValueMap<String, String> result = (MultiValueMap)cache.get(classLoader);
      if (result != null) {
          return result;
      } else {
          try {
          //(4). 从META-INF/spring.factories位置来加载一个文件
          Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources
          ("META-INF/spring.factories") : ClassLoader.getSystemResources("META-INF/spring.factories");
          LinkedMultiValueMap result = new LinkedMultiValueMap();

# 虽然我们127个场景的所有自动配置启动的时候默认全部加载。xxxxAutoConfiguration
# 按照条件装配规则(@Conditiona),最终会按需配置
# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.admin.SpringApplicationAdminJmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.aop.AopAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.amqp.RabbitAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.BatchAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cache.CacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.cassandra.CassandraAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.ConfigurationPropertiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.LifecycleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.MessageSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.context.PropertyPlaceholderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.couchbase.CouchbaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.dao.PersistenceExceptionTranslationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.cassandra.CassandraRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.couchbase.CouchbaseRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.elasticsearch.ReactiveElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jdbc.JdbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.jpa.JpaRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.ldap.LdapRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoReactiveRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.mongo.MongoRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.neo4j.Neo4jRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.solr.SolrRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcDataAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.r2dbc.R2dbcTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisRepositoriesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.rest.RepositoryRestMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.web.SpringDataWebAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.elasticsearch.ElasticsearchRestClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.gson.GsonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.h2.H2ConsoleAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hateoas.HypermediaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.hazelcast.HazelcastJpaDependencyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.HttpMessageConvertersAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.http.codec.CodecsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.influx.InfluxDbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.info.ProjectInfoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jackson.JacksonAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JdbcTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.JndiDataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.XADataSourceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JmsAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jmx.JmxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.JndiConnectionFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.activemq.ActiveMQAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jms.artemis.ArtemisAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jersey.JerseyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.JooqAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jsonb.JsonbAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.kafka.KafkaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.availability.ApplicationAvailabilityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.embedded.EmbeddedLdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.ldap.LdapAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.liquibase.LiquibaseAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mail.MailSenderValidatorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.embedded.EmbeddedMongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mongo.MongoReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.QuartzAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.R2dbcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketRequesterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.rsocket.RSocketStrategiesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.UserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.servlet.SecurityFilterAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.reactive.ReactiveUserDetailsServiceAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.rsocket.RSocketSecurityAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.saml2.Saml2RelyingPartyAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.sendgrid.SendGridAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.SessionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.servlet.OAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.client.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.servlet.OAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.security.oauth2.resource.reactive.ReactiveOAuth2ResourceServerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.solr.SolrAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskExecutionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.task.TaskSchedulingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.TransactionAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.transaction.jta.JtaAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.validation.ValidationAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.client.RestTemplateAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.embedded.EmbeddedWebServerFactoryCustomizerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.HttpHandlerAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.ReactiveWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.WebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.error.ErrorWebFluxAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.ClientHttpConnectorAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.reactive.function.client.WebClientAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.ServletWebServerFactoryAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.error.ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.HttpEncodingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.MultipartAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.reactive.WebSocketReactiveAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketServletAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.websocket.servlet.WebSocketMessagingAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.WebServicesAutoConfiguration,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.webservices.client.WebServiceTemplateAutoConfiguration

• ④. 最佳实践

1. 引入场景依赖
2. 查看自动配置了哪些(选做)
   自己分析,引入场景对应的自动配置一般都生效了
   配置文件中debug=true开启自动配置报告
   Negative(不生效) Positive(生效)
3. 需要修改哪些配置文件 这里以修改SpringBoot启动的图为例

spring:
  banner:
    image:
      location: classpath:bug.png

⑤. Lombok

• ①. lombok注解详解(然后可以在Bean上使用)

1. @Data注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,这个注解包含范围最广,它包含getter、setter、NoArgsConstructor注解,即当使用当前注解时,会自动生成包含的所有方法
2. @getter注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会生成对应的getter方法
3. @setter注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会生成对应的setter方法
4. @NoArgsConstructor注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会生成对应的无参构造方法
5. @AllArgsConstructor注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会生成对应的有参构造方法
6. @ToString注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会自动重写对应的toStirng方法
7. @EqualsAndHashCode注解:在JavaBean或类JavaBean中使用,使用此注解会自动重写对应的equals方法和hashCode方法
8. @Slf4j:在需要打印日志的类中使用,当项目中使用了slf4j打印日志框架时使用该注解,会简化日志的打印流程,只需调用info方法即可

• ②. 在Idea中找到lombok
  
• ③. 添加lombok的依赖到pom.xml中

	<dependency>
	 <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> 
	 <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> 
	</dependency>

⑥. 最佳实践-dev-tools

• ①. 添加依赖

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        <optional>true</optional>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

• ②. 在IDEA中,项目或者页面修改以后:Ctrl+F9

⑦. 最佳实践-Spring Initailizr

• ①. 在IDEA中,菜单栏New -> Project -> Spring Initailizr
  
• ②. 快速创建SpringBoot项目