实验七 继承附加实验
实验时间 2018-10-11
1、实验目的与要求
(1)进一步理解4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途;
private--私有域或私有方法:只能在定义它的类中使用
public--公有域或公有方法:在任何其他的类中都可以访问
protected--受保护的域或方法:在所有子类和本包中可以访问
不用修饰符--友好域和友好方法:在同一包中的不同类之间访问
(2)掌握Object类的常用API用法;
Object类是Java中所有类最终的祖先——每一个类都由它扩展而来。也就是说,在不给出超类的情况下,Java会自动把Object作为要定义类的超类。 可以使用类型为Object的变量指向任意类型的对象。但要对他们进行专门的操作,都要进行类型转换。
(3)掌握ArrayList类用法与常用API;
(4)掌握枚举类使用方法;
(5)结合本章知识,理解继承与多态性两个面向对象程序设计特征,并体会其优点;
多态性:发送消息给某个对象,让该对象自行决定响应何种行为。 通过将子类对象引用赋值给超类对象引用变量来实现动态方法调用。 java 的这种机制遵循一个原则:当超类对象引用变量引用子类对象时,被引用对象的类型而不是引用变量的类型决定了调用谁的成员方法,但是这个被调用的方法必须是在超类中定义过的,也就是说被子类覆盖的方法。
(6)熟练掌握Java语言中基于类、继承技术构造程序的语法知识(ch1-ch5);
(7)利用已掌握Java语言程序设计知识,学习设计开发含有1个主类、2个以上用户自定义类的应用程序。
import java.util.Scanner; public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Son son2 = new Son(false);
Son son = new Son();
son2.method(3);
son.method();
}
} class Parent {
Parent() { } Parent(boolean b) {
System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
} public void method() {
System.out.println("Parent's method()");
}
} class Son extends Parent {
// 补全本类定义
Son() {
System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
} Son(boolean b) {
super(b);
} public void method(int a) {
System.out.println("Son's method()");
}
}
2、实验内容和步骤
实验1 补充以下程序中主类内main方法体,以验证四种权限修饰符的用法。
public class TEST1 { private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性"; public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性"; protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性"; String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性"; private void tese1() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } public void tese2() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void tese3() { System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void tese4() { System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class TEST2 extends TEST1{ private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性"; public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性"; protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性"; String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性"; public void demo1() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法"); } private void demo2() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法"); } protected void demo3() { System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法"); } void demo4() { System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法"); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { TEST2 test2 = new TEST2(); /*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性,结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/ } } |
public class TEST1 {
private String t1 = "这是TEST1的私有属性";
public String t2 = "这是TEST1的公有属性";
protected String t3 = "这是TEST1受保护的属性";
String t4 = "这是TEST1的默认属性";
private void tese1() {
System.out.println("我是TEST1用private修饰符修饰的方法");
}
public void tese2() {
System.out.println("我是TEST1用public修饰符修饰的方法");
}
protected void tese3() {
System.out.println("我是TEST1用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
}
void tese4() {
System.out.println("我是TEST1无修饰符修饰的方法");
}
}
public class TEST2 extends TEST1{
private String e1 = "这是TEST2的私有属性";
public String e2 = "这是TEST2的公有属性";
protected String e3 = "这是TEST2受保护的属性";
String e4 = "这是TEST2的默认属性";
public void demo1() {
System.out.println("我是TEST2用public修饰符修饰的方法");
}
private void demo2() {
System.out.println("我是TEST2用private修饰符修饰的方法");
}
protected void demo3() {
System.out.println("我是TEST2用protected修饰符修饰的方法");
}
void demo4() {
System.out.println("我是TEST2无修饰符修饰的方法");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TEST2 test= new TEST2();
/*以下设计代码分别调用 demo1 demo2 demo3 demo4 test1 test2 test3 test4方法和t1 t2 t3 t3 e1 e2 e3 e4属性,结合程序运行结果理解继承和权限修饰符的用法与区别*/
test.demo1();
test.demo3();
test.demo4();
test.tese2();
test.tese3();
test.tese4();
System.out.println(test.t2);
System.out.println(test.t3);
System.out.println(test.t4);
System.out.println(test.e2);
System.out.println(test.e3);
System.out.println(test.e4);
}
}
实验2 第五章测试程序反思,继承知识总结。
测试程序1:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-8、5-9、5-10(教材174页-177页);
Ÿ 结合程序运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握Object类的定义及用法;
package arrayList; import java.util.*; /**
* This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
* @version 1.11 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ArrayListTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// 填充雇员数组信息
ArrayList<Employee> staff = new ArrayList<>(); staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15)); // 用以下方法为雇员涨5%的薪资
for (Employee e : staff)
e.raiseSalary(5); // 输出所有雇员对象的信息
for (Employee e : staff)
System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay="
+ e.getHireDay());
}
}
package arrayList; import java.time.*; public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
} public String getName()
{
return name;
} public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
} public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
} public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
}
}
测试程序2:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行教材程序5-11(教材182页);
Ÿ
package enums; import java.util.*; /**
* This program demonstrates enumerated types.
* @version 1.0 2004-05-24
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EnumTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);//创建一个输入尺寸的输入流
System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
System.out.println("size=" + size);
System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");
}
} enum Size//声明一个尺寸的枚举类型
{
SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");//列举具体尺寸 private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; } private String abbreviation;
}
测试程序3:
Ÿ 编辑、编译、调试运行程序5-12(教材189页);
Ÿ 结合运行结果,理解程序代码,掌握枚举类的定义及用法;
package equals; import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects; public class Employee
{
private String name;
private double salary;
private LocalDate hireDay; public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
this.name = name;
this.salary = salary;
hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
} public String getName()
{
return name;
} public double getSalary()
{
return salary;
} public LocalDate getHireDay()
{
return hireDay;
} public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
{
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
salary += raise;
} public boolean equals(Object otherObject)//进行相等测试
{
// 测试对象是否想等
if (this == otherObject) return true; // 若不相等则返回错误,或返回空
if (otherObject == null) return false; // 如果不是相同类型则不相等,返回错误信息
if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false; // 确定other中的对象是雇员对象
Employee other = (Employee) otherObject; // 测试是否在此域中
return Objects.equals(name, other.name) && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
} public int hashCode()
{
return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay);
} public String toString()
{
return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" + hireDay
+ "]";
}
}
package equals; /**
* This program demonstrates the equals method.
* @version 1.12 2012-01-26
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class EqualsTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{ //添加各雇员对象的信息
Employee alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee alice2 = alice1;
Employee alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
Employee bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
//返回雇员信息
System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2)); System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3)); System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob)); System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);
//添加Manager的信息
Manager carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
Manager boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
boss.setBonus(5000);
System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
}
}
package equals; public class Manager extends Employee//Manager类继承Employee类
{
private double bonus; public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
{
super(name, salary, year, month, day);
bonus = 0;
} public double getSalary()
{
double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
return baseSalary + bonus;
} public void setBonus(double bonus)
{
this.bonus = bonus;
} public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
{
if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
Manager other = (Manager) otherObject;
// 检查超类是否与此类相等
return bonus == other.bonus;
} public int hashCode()
{
return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
} public String toString()
{
return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
}
}
实验总结:
通过两周的学习,对继承,以及子类如何继承父类的方法有了进一步的了解,理解了继承的多态性;懂得了4个成员访问权限修饰符的用途,以及如何使用。掌握了Object流泪,ArrayList类,以及枚举的定义和使用