Docker系统八:Docker的存储驱动

Docker存储驱动

1. Docker存储驱动历史

Docker目前支持的greph driver包括:

  • AUFS
  • device-mapper
  • btrfs
  • overlayfs(重点)

关于各存储驱的详细介绍参照Docker五种存储驱动原理及应用场景和性能测试对比

2. Docker overlayfs driver

1) 介绍

docker使用overlaysf的介绍如下:

  • lowerdir指向image layer;
  • upperdir指向container layer;
  • merged整合lowerdir与upperdir提统统一视图给容器作为根文件系统

如下图:

Docker系统八:Docker的存储驱动

2)容器内文件的读写优先级情况

I. read file
  • upperdir存在,从container layer读取;
  • upperdir不存在,从lowerdir,即 image layer读取;
II. write file
  • upperdir存在,直接在upperdir写;
  • upperdir不存在,overlay发起copy_up操作,从lowerdir拷贝文件到upperdir进行写,拷贝只会在第一次打开时发生。
III. deleting files and directories
  • 删除文件时,upperdir会创建一个witheout文件,会隐藏lowerdir的文件(非删除);
  • 删除目录时,upperdir会创建一个opaque diectory,隐藏lowerdir的目录;

3). overlayfs driver实践

  • 指定overlay driver启动:
$dockerd --storage-driver=overlay
$docker info
Containers: 0
Running: 0
Paused: 0
Stopped: 0
Images: 0
Server Version: 17.06.0-ce
Storage Driver: overlay
Backing Filesystem: extfs
Supports d_type: true
Logging Driver: json-file
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
Plugins:
Volume: local
Network: bridge host macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc
Default Runtime: runc
Init Binary: docker-init
containerd version: cfb82a876ecc11b5ca0977d1733adbe58599088a
runc version: 2d41c047c83e09a6d61d464906feb2a2f3c52aa4
init version: 949e6fa
  • 下载一个镜像:
$docker pull centos:centos6
$docker images -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos centos6 7ea307891843 4 weeks ago 194MB
  • 查看镜像的对应目录
$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/
8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7
$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7/root/
bin etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt root sbin selinux srv tmp usr var
  • 创建容器
$docker run -it centos:centos6 /bin/bash
#在host里查看
$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/
lower-id merged/ upper/ work/
cat /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/lower-id
8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7
$cat /proc/mounts
overlay /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/merged overlay rw,relatime,lowerdir=/var/lib/docker/overlay/8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7/root,upperdir=/var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/upper,workdir=/var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/work 0 0

可以看到,容器对应的目录有三个(merged, upper, work), work用于overlayfs实现copy_up操作, lower-id保存images ID。

  • 容器内创建文件
$echo "hello" > /root/f1.txt
$ls /root/
anaconda-ks.cfg f1.txt install.log install.log.syslog

Host上overlay目录变化

$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/merged/root/
anaconda-ks.cfg f1.txt install.log install.log.syslog
$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/upper/root/
f1.txt
$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7/root/root/
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog
  • 容器内删除文件
$rm /root/install.log
$ls /root/

Host上overlay目录变化

$ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7/root/root/
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog $ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/merged/root/
anaconda-ks.cfg f1.txt install.log.syslog $ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/upper/root/* -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6 Sep 3 22:17 /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/upper/root/f1.txt
#发现upperdir多了一下instll.log文件
c--------- 1 root root 0, 0 Sep 3 22:24 /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/upper/root/install.log $cat /var/lib/docker/overlay/12e6cab3449f07e2eeb8441ec366c214a9550130ea1367bd5e58b6375b00d9e8/lower-id
8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7 $ls /var/lib/docker/overlay/8c2dc4e8a8bb0bca70b6304984089f9f6fcf6e093ce9cf9818af3316ad7fb0d7/root/root/
anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog
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