struts2入门

2024-03-26 14:58:34

struts2简介

Struts2是一个基于MVC设计模式的Web应用框架，它本质上相当于一个servlet，在MVC设计模式中，Struts2作为控制器(Controller)来建立模型与视图的数据交互。Struts2是Struts的下一代产品，这个框架充分发挥了Struts1和WebWork这两种技术的优势，抛弃原来Struts1的缺点，使得Web开发更加容易。

struts2的优点：

  • 项目开源，使用及扩展方便 - 天生优势；
  • 提供Exception处理机制；
  • Result 方式的页面导航，通过 Result 标签很方便的实现重定向和页面跳转；
  • 通过简单、集中的配置来调度业务类，使得配置和修改都非常容易；
  • 提供简单、统一的表达式语言来访问所有可供访问的数据；
  • 提供标准、强大的验证框架和国际化框架；
  • 提供强大的、可以有效减少页面代码的标签；
  • 提供良好的Ajax支持；
  • 拥有简单的插件，只需要放入响应的 jar 包，任何人都可以扩展 Struts2 框架。

struts2配置文件

struts-base.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
	<constant name="struts.i18n.encoding" value="UTF-8" />
	<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.configuration.xml.reload" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.i18n.reload" value="true" />
	<constant name="struts.enable.DynamicMethodInvocation" value="true" />

	<package name="base" extends="struts-default" abstract="true">
		<global-allowed-methods>regex:.*</global-allowed-methods>
	</package>
</struts>

struts-sy.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 
            相对mvc的差异性
       package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
       http://localhost:8080/stauts/sy/user_add.action
            中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
       extends包的继承
       
       *的含义：
                 代表任意方法，只要前台浏览器匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，代表了adds
     -->
	<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
	  	<action name="/user_*" class="com.xhh.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
	     <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	   
	   <action name="demo_*" class="com.xhh.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
	       <result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	   
	   <action name="tomcat_*" class="com.xhh.web.TomacatAction" method="{1}">
	       <result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	</package>
</struts>

struts.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
	<include file="struts-default.xml"></include>
	<include file="struts-base.xml"></include>
	<include file="struts-sy.xml"></include>
</struts>

pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.xhh</groupId>
  <artifactId>stauts</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>stauts Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.44</version>
		</dependency>

		<dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
			<version>4.0.1</version>
			<scope>provided</scope>
		</dependency>
		
		 <dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.13</version>
		</dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>stauts</finalName>
    <plugins>
    <plugin>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
				<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
				<version>3.7.0</version>
				<configuration>
					<source>1.8</source>
					<target>1.8</target>
					<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
				</configuration>
			</plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

在Maven项目基础上加上，在pom.xml中加入struts依赖

  <dependency>
			<groupId>org.apache.struts</groupId>
			<artifactId>struts2-core</artifactId>
			<version>2.5.13</version>
  </dependency>

web.xml

<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  
 <filter>	
   <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>

<filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>struts</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
  
</web-app>

struts动态调用方法

UserAction子控制器

package com.xhh.web;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class UserAction extends ActionSupport{
	   public String list() {
	    	System.out.println("查詢所有"+SUCCESS);
	    	return SUCCESS;
	    }
	    
	    public String add() {
	    	System.out.println("增加");
	    	return SUCCESS;
	    }
	    
	    public String del() {
	    	System.out.println("刪除");
	    	return SUCCESS;
	    }
	    
	    public String edit() {
	    	System.out.println("修改");
	    	return SUCCESS;
	    }
}

在struts-sy.xml中配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 
            相对mvc的差异性
       package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
       http://localhost:8080/stauts/sy/user_add.action
            中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
       extends包的继承
       
       *的含义：
                 代表任意方法，只要前台浏览器匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，代表了adds
     -->
	<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
	  	<action name="/user_*" class="com.xhh.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
	     <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	</package>
</struts>

然后在写个test.jsp页面测试：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
动态方法调用成功
</body>
</html>

结果：
struts2入门
struts2入门

jsp传递参数到后台的三种方式

1.set传参

2.实现modeldriven接口传参（自定义mvc的做法）

3.类实例.属性传参

User实体类

package com.xhh.entity;

public class User {
         private String uname;
         private String pwd;
		public String getUname() {
			return uname;
		}
		public void setUname(String uname) {
			this.uname = uname;
		}
		public String getPwd() {
			return pwd;
		}
		public void setPwd(String pwd) {
			this.pwd = pwd;
		}
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return "User [uname=" + uname + ", pwd=" + pwd + "]";
		}
		public User(String uname, String pwd) {
			super();
			this.uname = uname;
			this.pwd = pwd;
		}
		public User() {
			super();
		}	 
}

DemoAction控制器：

package com.xhh.web;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.xhh.entity.User;

/**
 * jsp传递参数到后台的三种方式 
 *    1.set传参 
 * 
 *    2.实现modeldriven接口传参（自定义mvc的做法） 
 * 
 *    3.类实例。属性传参
 * @author PC
 *
 */
public class DemoAction implements ModelDriven<User> {
	private String sex;
	private User user1 = new User();
	private User user2;
	
public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public User getUser2() {
		return user2;
	}
	public void setUser2(User user2) {
		this.user2 = user2;
	}
/**
 * ser传参是否成功
 * @return
 */
	public String test1() {
        System.out.println(sex);
		return "rs";
	}
/**
 * modeldriven接口传参是否成功
 * @return
 */
	public String test2() {
		System.out.println(user1);
		return "rs";
	}
/**
 * 类实例.属性传参是否成功
 * @return
 */
	public String test3() {`在这里插入代码片`
		System.out.println(user2);
		return "rs";
	}

	public User getModel() {

		return user1;
	}
}

在struts-sy.xml中配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 
            相对mvc的差异性
       package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
       http://localhost:8080/stauts/sy/user_add.action
            中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
       extends包的继承
       
       *的含义：
                 代表任意方法，只要前台浏览器匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，代表了adds
     -->
	<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
	  	<action name="/user_*" class="com.xhh.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
	     <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	   
	   <action name="demo_*" class="com.xhh.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
	       <result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	</package>
</struts>

写个jsp页面测试：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>

<h3>传参的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test1.action?sex=nv">测试1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test2.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">测试2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test3.action?user2.uname=linyaodong&&user2.pwd=123">测试3</a>

</body>
</html>

结果页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
结果页面
</body>
</html>

测试：|
struts2入门
struts2入门

struts与tomcat容器交互(后台数据传到jsp)

TomacatAction控制器：

package com.xhh.web;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.apache.struts2.ServletActionContext;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.RequestAware;
import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionContext;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ModelDriven;
import com.xhh.entity.User;

/**
 * struts与tomcat容器交互(后台数据传到jsp)
 * 1.注入
 *     耦合     使用
 *     解耦
 * 2.非注入
 *     耦合     使用
 *     解耦
 *     
 *     
 *  上面是为了获取request对象
 *  1.传参可以使用request对象进行传参
 *  2，struts持有的传参方式我，叫做值栈传参
 *      换个说法，只要该action有get方法，
 * @author PC
 *
 */
public class TomacatAction implements ModelDriven<User> ,ServletRequestAware {
	private	HttpServletRequest request;
	
	private String sex;
	private User user1 = new User();
	private User user2;
	
public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public User getUser2() {
		return user2;
	}
	public void setUser2(User user2) {
		this.user2 = user2;
	}
	/**
	 * mvc：
	 *    HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp
	 * @return
	 */
    public String demo() {
//    	HttpServletRequest request = ServletActionContext.getRequest();
//    	request.setAttribute("rs", "测试非注入耦合方式");
    	
//    	request.setAttribute("rs", "测试注入耦合方式");
    	
//    	ActionContext context = ActionContext.getContext();
//    	HttpServletRequest request =(HttpServletRequest) context.get("request的全路名");
    	
		return "rs";
    }

	public User getModel() {
		return user1;
	}
	@Override
	public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.request=request;
	}
/*	@Override
	public void setRequest(Map<String, Object> request) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		this.request=(HttpServletRequest) context.get("request的全路名");
	}*/
}

在struts-sy.xml中配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
	"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.5//EN"
	"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.5.dtd">
<struts>
    <!-- 
            相对mvc的差异性
       package:用来将一类子控制器进行分类
       http://localhost:8080/stauts/sy/user_add.action
            中/sy对应的namespace="/sy"
       extends包的继承
       
       *的含义：
                 代表任意方法，只要前台浏览器匹配/user_*这一个是，那么user_add中，代表了adds
     -->
	<package name="sy" extends="base" namespace="/sy">
	  	<action name="/user_*" class="com.xhh.web.UserAction" method="{1}">
	     <result name="success">/test.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	   
	   <action name="demo_*" class="com.xhh.web.DemoAction" method="{1}">
	       <result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	   
	   <action name="tomcat_*" class="com.xhh.web.TomacatAction" method="{1}">
	       <result name="rs">/rs.jsp</result>
	   </action>
	</package>
</struts>

jsp测试页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>传参的三种方式</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test1.action?sex=nv">测试1</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test2.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">测试2</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/demo_test3.action?user2.uname=linyaodong&&user2.pwd=123">测试3</a>


<h3>struts与tomcat容器交互</h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action">测试4</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?sex=nan">测试5</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?uname=zs&&pwd=123">测试6</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/sy/tomcat_demo.action?user2.uname=linyaodong&&user2.pwd=123">测试7</a>
</body>
</html>

rs.jsp页面：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
结果页面:${rs}
sex=${sex }
user1=${user1 }
user2=${user2 }
</body>
</html>

测试：
struts2入门
测试非注入耦合方式：
struts2入门
测试注入耦合方式：
struts2入门
测试struts传值：
struts2入门
struts2入门
struts2入门

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