python爬虫之User-Agent用户信息

　　爬虫是自动的爬取网站信息，实质上我们也只是一段代码，并不是真正的浏览器用户，加上User-Agent（用户代理，简称UA）信息，只是让我们伪装成一个浏览器用户去访问网站，然而一个用户频繁的访问一个网站很容易被察觉，既然我们可以伪装成浏览器，那么也同样可以通过UA信息来变换我们的身份。

　　整理部分UA信息

Opera
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.95 Safari/537.36 OPR/26.0.1656.60
Opera/8.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en)
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.50
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.50

Firefox
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:34.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/34.0
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux x86_64; zh-CN; rv:1.9.2.10) Gecko/20100922 Ubuntu/10.10 (maverick) Firefox/3.6.10

Safari
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/534.57.2 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1.7 Safari/534.57.2 

chrome
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/39.0.2171.71 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.64 Safari/537.11
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/534.16 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/10.0.648.133 Safari/534.16

360
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko

淘宝浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.11 TaoBrowser/2.0 Safari/536.11

猎豹浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/21.0.1180.71 Safari/537.1 LBBROWSER
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER) 
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; LBBROWSER)" 

QQ浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; Trident/5.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; Media Center PC 6.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; QQBrowser/7.0.3698.400)
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E) 

sogou浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.84 Safari/535.11 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0
Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; SV1; QQDownload 732; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E; SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0) 

maxthon浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Maxthon/4.4.3.4000 Chrome/30.0.1599.101 Safari/537.36

UC浏览器
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/38.0.2125.122 UBrowser/4.0.3214.0 Safari/537.36

------UA信息链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tao_627/article/details/42297443 ------

 User-Agent的添加方法

　　UA的添加方法有两种：1.实例化Request类时添加；2.调用Request类的实例方法add_header()动态添加。

　　方法一

 1 import urllib.request
 2 
 3 
 4 def load_message():
 5     url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
 6 
 7     header = {
 8         'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.92 \
 9 Safari/537.36',
10         'test': '123'
11     }
12 
13     request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=header)  # 添加请求头
14 
15     response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
16     response_str = response.read().decode('utf-8')
17 
18     request_header_get = request.get_header('User-agent')  # 坑：查看时必须首字母大写，其他字母均小写，否则返回None
19     print(request_header_get)  # 获取请求头的指定内容方式
20 
21     # request_header_get = request.get_header('Test')
22     # print(request_header_get)
23     #
24     # request_header_get = request.get_header('test')
25     # print(request_header_get)
26 
27     return response.headers, request.headers, response_str
28 
29 
30 response_header, request_header, response_data = load_message()
31 print(response_header)
32 print('------------------------------------')
33 print(request_header)
34 print('------------------------------------')
35 print(response_data)

View Code

　　方法二

 1 import urllib.request
 2 
 3 
 4 def load_message():
 5     url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
 6 
 7     request = urllib.request.Request(url)
 8 
 9     request.add_header('user-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\
10 Chrome/69.0.3497.92Safari/537.36')  # 动态添加请求头信息
11 
12     response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
13     response_str = response.read().decode('utf-8')
14 
15     request_header_get = request.get_header('User-agent')  # 坑：查看时必须首字母大写，其他字母均小写，否则返回None
16     print(request_header_get)  # 获取请求头的指定内容方式
17 
18     return response.headers, request.headers, response_str
19 
20 
21 response_header, request_header, response_data = load_message()
22 print(response_header)
23 print('------------------------------------')
24 print(request_header)
25 print('------------------------------------')
26 print(response_data)

View Code