1.集合
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 # s=set(['alex','alex','sb'])
4 # print(s)
5
6 # s=set('hello')
7 # print(s)
8
9 # s={1,2,3,4,5,6}
10 #添加 add 不能添加重复元素
11 # s.add('s')
12 # s.add('3')
13 # s.add(3)
14 # print(s)
15
16 # s.clear()
17 # print(s)
18
19 # s1=s.copy()
20 # print(s1)
21
22 # s={'sb',1,2,3,4,5,6}
23 #随机删
24 # s.pop()
25 # print(s)
26
27 #指定删除
28 # s.remove('sb')
29 # s.remove('hellol') #删除元素不存在会报错
30 # s.discard('sbbbb')#删除元素不存在不会报错
31 # print(s)
32
33 # python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg']
34 # linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb']
35 # p_s=set(python_l)
36 # l_s=set(linux_l)
37 # #求交集
38 # print(p_s,l_s)
39 # print(p_s.intersection(l_s))
40 # print(p_s&l_s)
41 # #求并集
42 # print(p_s.union(l_s))
43 # print(p_s|l_s)
44 # #差集
45 # print('差集',p_s-l_s)
46 # print(p_s.difference(l_s))
47 # print('差集',l_s-p_s)
48 # print(l_s.difference(p_s))
49
50 #交叉补集
51 # print('交叉补集',p_s.symmetric_difference(l_s))
52 # print('交叉补集',p_s^l_s)
53
54 # python_l=['lcg','szw','zjw','lcg']
55 # linux_l=['lcg','szw','sb']
56 # p_s=set(python_l)
57 # l_s=set(linux_l)
58 # print(p_s,l_s)
59 # print('差集',p_s-l_s)
60 # p_s=p_s-l_s
61 # p_s.difference_update(l_s)
62 # print(p_s)
63
64 # s1={1,2}
65 # s2={2,3,5}
66 # print(s1.isdisjoint(s2))
67
68 # s1={1,2}
69 # s2={1,2,3}
70 # print(s1.issubset(s2))#s1 是s2 的子集
71 # print(s2.issubset(s1))#False
72
73 # print(s2.issuperset(s1))#s1 是s2 的父集
74
75 # s1={1,2}
76 # s2={1,2,3}
77 # s1.update(s2) #更新多个值
78
79 # s1.add(1,2,3,4) #更新一个值
80 # s1.union(s2) #不更新
81
82 # print(s1)
83
84 # s=frozenset('hello')
85 # print(s)
86 # names=['alex','alex','wupeiqi']
87 # #
88 # names=list(set(names))
89 # print(names)
2.字符串格式化
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 # msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf','alex')
4 # print(msg)
5 #
6 # msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf',1)
7 # msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % ('lhf',[1,2])
8 # print(msg)
9 # name='lhf'
10 # age=19
11 # msg='i am %s my hobby is %s' % (name,age)
12 # print(msg)
13
14 #打印浮点数
15 # tpl = "percent %.2f" % 99.976234444444444444
16 # print(tpl)
17
18 #打印百分比
19 # tpl = 'percent %.2f %%' % 99.976234444444444444
20 # print(tpl)
21
22 # tpl = "i am %(name)s age %(age)d" % {"name": "alex", "age": 18}
23 # print(tpl)
24 #
25 # msg='i am %(name)+60s my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'}
26 # print(msg)
27 #
28 # msg='i am \033[43;1m%(name)+60s\033[0m my hobby is alex' %{'name':'lhf'}
29 # print(msg)
30
31
32 # print('root','x','0','0',sep=':')
33 # print('root'+':'+'x'+':'+'0','0')
3.format字符串格式化
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 # tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(name="seven", age=18)
4
5 # tpl = "i am {name}, age {age}, really {name}".format(**{"name": "seven", "age": 18})
6 #
7 # tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format(*["seven", 18])
8 # tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format("seven", 18) #["seven", 18]
9
10 l=["seven", 18]
11 # tpl = "i am {:s}, age {:d}".format('seven',18)
12 # print(tpl)
13 #
14 # tpl = "numbers: {:b},{:o},{:d},{:x},{:X}, {:%},{}".format(15, 15, 15, 15, 15, 15.87623, 2)
15 # print(tpl)
4.函数
1 #!/usr/bin/env python
2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
3 '''
4 y=2*x+1
5 x=3
6 y->7
7 x=3
8 y->7
9 '''
10 # def test(x):
11 # '''
12 # 2*x+1
13 # :param x:整形数字
14 # :return: 返回计算结果
15 # '''
16 # y=2*x+1
17 # return y
18 #
19 # def test():
20 # '''
21 # 2*x+1
22 # :param x:整形数字
23 # :return: 返回计算结果
24 # '''
25 # x=3
26 # y=2*x+1
27 # return y
28 # a=test()
29 # print(a)
30
31 #过程：就是没有返回值的函数
32
33
34 # def test01():
35 # msg = 'test01'
36 # print(msg)
37 # #
38 # #
39 # def test02():
40 # msg = 'test02'
41 # print(msg)
42 # return msg
43 # #
44 # def test03():
45 # msg = 'test03'
46 # print(msg)
47 # return 1,2,3,4,'a',['alex'],{'name':'alex'},None
48 # #
49 # def test04():
50 # msg = 'test03'
51 # print(msg)
52 # return {'name':'alex'}
53 # t1=test01()
54 # t2=test02()
55 # t3=test03()
56 # t4=test04()
57 # print(t1)
58 # print(t2)
59 # print(t3)
60 # print(t4)
61
62 # def calc(x,y): #x=2,y=3
63 # res=x**y
64 # return x
65 # return y
66 # res=calc(2,3)
67 # print(x)
68 # print(y)
69 # print(res)
70 # # a=10
71 # # b=10
72 # # calc(a,b)
73
74
75 # def test(x,y,z):#x=1,y=2,z=3
76 # print(x)
77 # print(y)
78 # print(z)
79
80 #位置参数，必须一一对应，缺一不行多一也不行
81 # test(1,2,3)
82
83 #关键字参数，无须一一对应，缺一不行多一也不行
84 # test(y=1,x=3,z=4)
85
86 #位置参数必须在关键字参数左边
87 # test(1,y=2,3)#报错
88 # test(1,3,y=2)#报错
89 # test(1,3,z=2)
90 # test(1,3,z=2,y=4)#报错
91 # test(z=2,1,3)#报错
92
93 # def handle(x,type='mysql'):
94 # print(x)
95 # print(type)
96 # handle('hello')
97 # handle('hello',type='sqlite')
98 # handle('hello','sqlite')
99
100 # def install(func1=False,func2=True,func3=True):
101 # pass
102
103 #参数组：**字典 *列表
104 # def test(x,*args):
105 # print(x)
106 # print(args)
107
108
109 # test(1)
110 # test(1,2,3,4,5)
111 # test(1,{'name':'alex'})
112 # test(1,['x','y','z'])
113 # test(1,*['x','y','z'])
114 # test(1,*('x','y','z'))
115
116 # def test(x,**kwargs):
117 # print(x)
118 # print(kwargs)
119 # test(1,y=2,z=3)
120 # test(1,1,2,2,2,2,2,y=2,z=3)
121 # test(1,y=2,z=3,z=3)#会报错 ：一个参数不能传两个值
122
123 def test(x,*args,**kwargs):
124 print(x)
125 print(args,args[-1])
126 print(kwargs,kwargs.get('y'))
127 # test(1,1,2,1,1,11,1,x=1,y=2,z=3) #报错
128 # test(1,1,2,1,1,11,1,y=2,z=3)
129 #
130 # test(1,*[1,2,3],**{'y':1})