前言
接着上篇博客,我们来谈谈java操作cassandra; 上篇博客的环境:jdk1.7 + python2.7.10 + cassandra2.2.8; 由于2.2.8没有对应的驱动文档,那么我们就用3.0的驱动文档,而驱动则用2.1.10.3版本;
驱动文档:http://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/java-driver/3.0/manual/
路漫漫其修远兮,吾将上下而求索!
github:https://github.com/youzhibing
码云(gitee):https://gitee.com/youzhibing
驱动下载
老规矩,创建maven工程,让maven来维护我们的jar,maven最重要的pom文件内容如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.huawei</groupId>
<artifactId>cassandra</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging> <name>cassandra</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties> <dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.datastax.cassandra</groupId>
<artifactId>cassandra-driver-core</artifactId>
<version>2.1.10.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
Session获取
我们先来看看官方给的Quick start案例
Cluster cluster = null;
try {
cluster = Cluster.builder() // (1)
.addContactPoint("127.0.0.1") // cassandra服务器ip
.withCredentials("admin", "admin") // 若没有启用账号认证,此处可以去掉
.build();
Session session = cluster.connect(); // (2) ResultSet rs = session.execute("select release_version from system.local"); // (3)
Row row = rs.one();
System.out.println(row.getString("release_version")); // (4)
} finally {
if (cluster != null) cluster.close(); // (5)
}
我们来看看代码中的(1) ~ (5)分别表示或者代表什么
(1):Cluster对象是驱动程序的主入口点,它保存着真实Cassandra集群的状态(尤其是元数据);Cluster是线程安全的,一个Cassandra集群创建一个Cluster的单例,整个应用用这一个单例即可
(2):Session用来执行查询的,而且它也是线程安全的,同样也应该重复利用
(3):利用execute来发送一个查询到Cassandra,execute返回一个Resultset(结果集),这个结果集就是必要的列的行集合(二维表,行是满足条件的记录,列是我们关注的某些字段)
(4):从row中提取数据
(5):当任务完成后,关闭cluster,关闭cluster的同时将会关闭它创建的全部session;这一步很重要,它会释放潜在的资源(TCP连接、线程池等),在真实的应用中,我们应该在应用关闭(或应用卸载)的时候关闭cluster
如若大家有jdbc开发的经验,就会发现,上述代码似曾相识,上述代码中的session就相当于jdbc中的connection,是整个数据库操作的基础,那么我们将session的获取单独抽出来
package com.huawei.cassandra.factory; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; import com.datastax.driver.core.Cluster;
import com.datastax.driver.core.Session; public class SessionRepository
{
private static Session instance = null;
private static Cluster cluster = null;
private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); private SessionRepository(){} public static Session getSession()
{
if (null == instance)
{
try
{
lock.lock(); if (null == instance)
{
cluster = Cluster.builder()
.addContactPoint("127.0.0.1")
.withCredentials("admin", "admin")
.build();
instance = cluster.connect();
// 也可以针对一个特定的keyspace获取一个session
// instance = cluster.connect("mycas");
}
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
return instance;
} public static void close()
{
if (null == cluster)
{
try
{
lock.lock(); if (null == cluster)
{
cluster.close();
}
}
finally
{
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
拿到session了,那么请随意操作Cassandra吧!
cassandra基本操作
创建表
在mycas下创建表student
use mycas;
create table student(
id int,
address text,
name text,
age int,
height int,
primary key(id,address,name)
); insert into student(id,address,name,age,height) values(1,'guangdong','lixiao',32,172);
session直接执行cql
和jdbc类似,关键是cql的拼接,下例是插入一条记录,删、改、查和这类似,不一一列举了
// 字符串注意单引号'
String cql = "insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values("
+ student.getId() + ",'" + student.getAddress() + "','" + student.getName()
+ "'," + student.getAge() + "," + student.getHeight() + ");";
System.out.println(cql);
session.execute(cql);
Querybuilder
利用Querybuilder可以减轻cql的拼接,sql语句的拼接由驱动完成
查询一个student:
@Override
public Student getStudentByKeys(int id, String address, String name)
{
Student student = null;
ResultSet rs = session.execute(
QueryBuilder.select("id", "address", "name", "age", "height")
.from("mycas", "student")
.where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", id))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", address))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", name)));
Iterator<Row> rsIterator = rs.iterator();
if (rsIterator.hasNext())
{
Row row = rsIterator.next();
student = new Student();
student.setAddress(row.getString("address"));
student.setAge(row.getInt("age"));
student.setHeight(row.getInt("height"));
student.setId(row.getInt("id"));
student.setName(row.getString("name"));
}
return student;
}
保存一个student:
@Override
public void saveStudent(Student student)
{
session.execute(
QueryBuilder.insertInto("mycas", "student")
.values(new String[]{"id", "address", "name", "age", "height"},
new Object[]{student.getId(), student.getAddress(),
student.getName(), student.getAge(), student.getHeight()}));
}
修改一个student:
@Override
public void updateStudent(Student student)
{
session.execute(
QueryBuilder.update("mycas", "student")
.with(QueryBuilder.set("age", student.getAge()))
.and(QueryBuilder.set("height", student.getHeight()))
.where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", student.getId()))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", student.getAddress()))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", student.getName())));
}
删除一个student:
@Override
public void removeStudent(int id, String address, String name)
{
session.execute(QueryBuilder.delete()
.from("mycas", "student")
.where(QueryBuilder.eq("id", id))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("address", address))
.and(QueryBuilder.eq("name", name)));
}
注意:驱动版本不同,Querybuilder的用法有些许不同,有些版本的某些方法变成非静态的了!
占位符
cassandra也有类似jdbc那样使用预编译占位符
http://docs.datastax.com/en/developer/java-driver/3.0/manual/statements/prepared/
预编译的原理是怎样的了,上面的链接是驱动官方的解释,我来谈谈我的理解
当我们预编译statement的时候,Cassandra会解析query语句,缓存解析的结果并返回一个唯一的标志(PreparedStatement对象保持着这个标志的内部引用,就相当于通过标志可以获取到query语句预编译后的内容
):
当你绑定并且执行预编译statement的时候,驱动只会发送这个标志,那么Cassandra就会跳过解析query语句的过程:
所以,我们应该保证query语句只应该被预编译一次,缓存PreparedStatement
到我们的应用中(PreparedStatement
是线程安全的);如果我们对同一个query语句预编译了多次,那么驱动会打印警告日志;如果一个query语句只执行一次,那么预编译不会提供性能上的提高,反而会降低性能,因为它是两个来回(结合上面两张图),那么此时可以考虑用 simple statement 来代替
和jdbc的预编译非常类似,我们来看看实际代码
静态cql
private static final String GET_STUDENT = "select id,address,name,age,height from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;";
private static final String SAVE_STUDENT = "insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);";
private static final String UPDATE_STUDENT = "update mycas.student set age=?, height=? where id=? and address=? and name=?;";
private static final String REMOVE_STUDENT = "delete from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;";
查询一个student
Student student = null;
PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(GET_STUDENT);
BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement).bind(id, address, name);
ResultSet rs = session.execute(bindStatement);
Iterator<Row> rsIterator = rs.iterator();
if (rsIterator.hasNext())
{
Row row = rsIterator.next();
student = new Student();
student.setAddress(row.getString("address"));
student.setAge(row.getInt("age"));
student.setHeight(row.getInt("height"));
student.setId(row.getInt("id"));
student.setName(row.getString("name"));
}
return student;
保存一个student
PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(SAVE_STUDENT);
BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)
.bind(student.getId(), student.getAddress(), student.getName(), student.getAge(), student.getHeight());
session.execute(bindStatement);
修改一个student
PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(UPDATE_STUDENT);
BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)
.bind(student.getAge(), student.getHeight(), student.getId(), student.getAddress(), student.getName());
session.execute(bindStatement);
删除一个student
PreparedStatement prepareStatement = session.prepare(REMOVE_STUDENT);
BoundStatement bindStatement = new BoundStatement(prepareStatement)
.bind(id, address, name);
session.execute(bindStatement);
批量batch
public static void batch()
{
Session session = SessionRepository.getSession();
BoundStatement insertBind1 = new BoundStatement(
session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))
.bind(3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong", 67, 175); BoundStatement insertBind2 = new BoundStatement(
session.prepare("insert into mycas.student(id,address,name,age,height) values(?,?,?,?,?);"))
.bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing", 26, 160); BoundStatement updateBind = new BoundStatement(
session.prepare("update mycas.student set age=?, height=? where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))
.bind(72, 173, 3, "guangxi", "huangfeihong"); BoundStatement deleteBind = new BoundStatement(
session.prepare("delete from mycas.student where id=? and address=? and name=?;"))
.bind(4, "hunan", "youzhibing"); BatchStatement batchStatement = new BatchStatement();
batchStatement.add(insertBind1);
batchStatement.add(insertBind2);
batchStatement.add(updateBind);
batchStatement.add(deleteBind);
session.execute(batchStatement);
}