Linux expect 介绍和用法
expect是一个自动化交互套件,主要应用于执行命令和程序时,系统以交互形式要求输入指定字符串,实现交互通信。
expect自动交互流程:
spawn启动指定进程—expect获取指定关键字—send向指定程序发送指定字符—执行完成退出.
注意该脚本能够执行的前提是安装了expect
yum install -y expect
expect常用命令总结:
spawn 交互程序开始后面跟命令或者指定程序
expect 获取匹配信息匹配成功则执行expect后面的程序动作
send exp_send 用于发送指定的字符串信息
exp_continue 在expect中多次匹配就需要用到
send_user 用来打印输出 相当于shell中的echo
exit 退出expect脚本
eof expect执行结束 退出
set 定义变量
puts 输出变量
set timeout 设置超时时间
示例:
1.ssh登录远程主机执行命令,执行方法 expect 1.sh 或者 ./1.sh
# vim 1.sh
#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th
expect "*password"
send "123456\n"
expect eof
-
ssh远程登录主机执行命令,在shell脚本中执行expect命令,执行方法sh 2.sh、bash 2.sh 或./2.sh都可以执行.
#!/bin/bash passwd='123456' /usr/bin/expect <<-EOF set time 30 spawn ssh saneri@192.168.56.103 df -Th expect { "*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } "*password:" { send "$passwd\r" } } expect eof EOF
3.expect执行多条命令
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set timeout 10
spawn sudo su - root
expect "*password*"
send "123456\r"
expect "#*"
send "ls\r"
expect "#*"
send "df -Th\r"
send "exit\r"
expect eof
-
创建ssh key,将id_rsa和id_rsa.pub文件分发到各台主机上面。
1.创建主机配置文件 [root@localhost script]# cat host 192.168.1.10 root 123456 192.168.1.20 root 123456 192.168.1.30 root 123456 [root@localhost script]# ls copykey.sh hosts 2.编写copykey.sh脚本,自动生成密钥并分发key. [root@localhost script]# vim copykey.sh #!/bin/bash # 判断id_rsa密钥文件是否存在 if [ ! -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa ];then ssh-keygen -t rsa -P "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa else echo "id_rsa has created ..." fi #分发到各个节点,这里分发到host文件中的主机中. while read line do user=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 2` ip=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 1` passwd=`echo $line | cut -d " " -f 3` expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh-copy-id $user@$ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$passwd\n" } } expect "password" { send "$passwd\n" } EOF done < hosts
-
shell调用expect执行多行命令.
#!/bin/bash ip=$1 user=$2 password=$3 expect <<EOF set timeout 10 spawn ssh $user@$ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\n";exp_continue } "password" { send "$password\n" } } expect "]#" { send "useradd hehe\n" } expect "]#" { send "touch /tmp/test.txt\n" } expect "]#" { send "exit\n" } expect eof EOF #./ssh5.sh 192.168.1.10 root 123456
-
6.使用普通用户登录远程主机,并通过sudo到root权限,通过for循环批量在远程主机执行命令.
$ cat timeout_login.txt
10.0.1.8
10.0.1.34
10.0.1.88
10.0.1.76
10.0.1.2
10.0.1.3
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat /home/admin/timeout_login.txt`
do
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
spawn /usr/bin/ssh -t -p 22022 admin@$i "sudo su -"
expect {
"yes/no" { send "yes\r" }
}
expect {
"password:" { send "xxo1#qaz\r" }
}
expect {
"*password*:" { send "xx1#qaz\r" }
}
expect "*]#"
send "df -Th\r"
expect "*]#"
send "exit\r"
expect eof
EOF
done
密码过期需要批量修改密码
#!/bin/bash
for i in `cat /root/soft/ip.txt`
do
/usr/bin/expect << EOF
spawn /usr/bin/ssh root@$i
expect {
"UNIX password" { send "Huawei@123\r" }
}
expect {
"New password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
}
expect {
"Retype new password:" { send "xxHuzzawexxi@1234#\r" }
}
expect "*]#"
send "echo Huawei@123|passwd --stdin root\r"
expect "*]#"
send "exit\r"
expect eof
EOF
done
参考文档:https://www.cnblogs.com/yxh168/p/9028122.html
https://www.cnblogs.com/lisenlin/p/9058557.html