MediaPlayer和AudioTrack播放Audio的区别与联系

2023-07-29 08:39:46

转自http://blog.csdn.net/ameyume/article/details/7618820

播放声音可以用MediaPlayer和AudioTrack，两者都提供了java API供应用开发者使用。虽然都可以播放声音，但两者还是有很大的区别的。其中最大的区别是MediaPlayer可以播放多种格式的声音文件，例如MP3，AAC，WAV，OGG，MIDI等。MediaPlayer会在framework层创建对应的音频解码器。而AudioTrack只能播放已经解码的PCM流，如果是文件的话只支持wav格式的音频文件，因为wav格式的音频文件大部分都是PCM流。AudioTrack不创建解码器，所以只能播放不需要解码的wav文件。
当然两者之间还是有紧密的联系的，MediaPlayer在framework层还是会创建AudioTrack，把解码后的PCM数流传递给AudioTrack，AudioTrack再传递给AudioFlinger进行混音，然后才传递给硬件播放。所以是MediaPlayer包含了AudioTRack。通过查看API可以知道，MediaPlayer提供了5个setDataSource方法，分为三类，一类是传递播放文件的字符串路径作为参数，例如直接取sd卡里mp3文件的路径，一类是传递播放文件的FileDescriptor文件描述符作为播放的id，例例如从db中查询的音频文件的id，就可以直接赋给MediaPlayer进行播放。还有一类是Uri类型的资源文件，用于播放content uri文件。
下面是一个用MediaPlayer播放音乐的示例，音乐文件是从数据库中取出的。

if (mMediaPlayer == null) {
mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); // 创建MediaPlayer对象
}
mMediaPlayer.reset();
String dataSource = getDataByPosition(mCursor, mPlayPosition);
mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(dataSource); // 设置需要播放的数据源
mMediaPlayer.prepare(); // 准备播放，如果是流媒体需要调用prepareAsync进行异步准备
if (Common.PLAY_MODE_SINGLE_LOOP == mPlayMode) {
mMediaPlayer.setLooping(true); // 单曲循环
} else {
mMediaPlayer.setLooping(false); // 不循环播放
}
mMediaPlayer.start(); // 开始播放，如果是播放流媒体，需要等到流媒体准备完成才能播放（在prepare的callback函数中调用start进行播放）
// 根据位置来获取歌曲位置
public String getDataByPosition(Cursor c, int position) {
c.moveToPosition(position);
int dataColumn = c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA);
String data = c.getString(dataColumn);
return data;
}

    if (mMediaPlayer == null) {

        mMediaPlayer = new MediaPlayer(); // 创建MediaPlayer对象

    }

    mMediaPlayer.reset();

    String dataSource = getDataByPosition(mCursor, mPlayPosition);

    mMediaPlayer.setDataSource(dataSource); // 设置需要播放的数据源

    mMediaPlayer.prepare(); // 准备播放，如果是流媒体需要调用prepareAsync进行异步准备

    if (Common.PLAY_MODE_SINGLE_LOOP == mPlayMode) {

        mMediaPlayer.setLooping(true); // 单曲循环

    } else {

        mMediaPlayer.setLooping(false); // 不循环播放

    }

    mMediaPlayer.start(); // 开始播放，如果是播放流媒体，需要等到流媒体准备完成才能播放（在prepare的callback函数中调用start进行播放）

    // 根据位置来获取歌曲位置

    public String getDataByPosition(Cursor c, int position) {

        c.moveToPosition(position);

        int dataColumn = c.getColumnIndex(MediaStore.Audio.Media.DATA);

        String data = c.getString(dataColumn);

        return data;

    }

AudioTrack播放声音时不能直接把wav文件传递给AudioTrack进行播放，必须传递buffer，通过write函数把需要播放的缓冲区buffer传递给AudioTrack，然后才能播放。
AudioTrack使用的例子参考下面：此示例转自：http://samyou.iteye.com/blog/1125872

public class AndroidTest extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener,SurfaceHolder.Callback
{
private SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder = null;
private SurfaceView surfaceView = null;
private AudioTrack audioTrack = null;
private Thread writePCMThread = null;
private File audioFile = null;
private FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
private byte buffer[] = new byte[16*10000];
// The Handler that gets information back from the other threads
private final Handler msgHandler = new Handler()
{
public void handleMessage(Message msg)
{
switch (msg.what)
{
default:
break;
}
}
};
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface);
SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder = surfaceView.getHolder();
surfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
surfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);
findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(this);
findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener(this);
}
public void finish() {
super.finish();
System.out.println("finish");
try {
writePCMThread.interrupt();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
fileInputStream.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
try {
audioTrack.stop();
audioTrack.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
protected void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
System.out.println("back on!!!!!!!!!!!");
initAudioTrack();
audioFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"test.wav");
System.out.println(audioFile.length());
try {
fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(audioFile);
fileInputStream.skip(0x2c);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
writePCMThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
public void run() {
try
{
while(fileInputStream.read(buffer)>=0)
{
System.out.println("write pcm data");
audioTrack.write(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
}
private void initAudioTrack()
{
int minBufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(0xac44, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);
System.out.println("minBufferSize = "+minBufferSize);
audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 0xac44,
AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, minBufferSize*2,AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);
audioTrack.setStereoVolume(1.0f, 1.0f);// 设置当前音量大小
System.out.println("initAudioTrack over");
audioTrack.play();
}
public void onClick(View v)
{
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.button1:
writePCMThread.start();
break;
case R.id.button2:
break;
default:
break;
}
}
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
System.out.println("surfaceCreated()");
this.surfaceHolder = holder;
}
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
}
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,
int height) {
this.surfaceHolder = holder;
}
public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
}
}

public class AndroidTest extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener,SurfaceHolder.Callback

{

    private SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder = null;

    private SurfaceView surfaceView = null;

    private AudioTrack audioTrack = null;

    private Thread writePCMThread = null;

    private File audioFile = null;

    private FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;

    private byte buffer[] = new byte[16*10000];

    // The Handler that gets information back from the other threads

    private final Handler msgHandler = new Handler()

    {

        public void handleMessage(Message msg)

        {

            switch (msg.what)

            {

            default:

                break;

            }

        }

    };

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */

    @Override

    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        surfaceView = (SurfaceView) findViewById(R.id.surface);

        SurfaceHolder surfaceHolder = surfaceView.getHolder();

        surfaceHolder.addCallback(this);

        surfaceHolder.setType(SurfaceHolder.SURFACE_TYPE_PUSH_BUFFERS);

        findViewById(R.id.button1).setOnClickListener(this);

        findViewById(R.id.button2).setOnClickListener(this);

    }

    public void finish() {

        super.finish();

        System.out.println("finish");

        try {

            writePCMThread.interrupt();

        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

        try {

            fileInputStream.close();

        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

        try {

            audioTrack.stop();

            audioTrack.release();

        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

    }

    protected void onResume()

    {

        super.onResume();

        System.out.println("back on!!!!!!!!!!!");

        initAudioTrack();

        audioFile = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),"test.wav");

        System.out.println(audioFile.length());

        try {

            fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(audioFile);

            fileInputStream.skip(0x2c);

        } catch (Exception e) {

        }

        writePCMThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){

            public void run() {

                try

                {

                    while(fileInputStream.read(buffer)>=0)

                    {

                        System.out.println("write pcm data");

                        audioTrack.write(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

                    }

                }

                catch (Exception e) {

                    e.printStackTrace();

                }

            }

        });

    }

    private void initAudioTrack()

    {

        int minBufferSize = AudioTrack.getMinBufferSize(0xac44, AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_MONO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT);

        System.out.println("minBufferSize = "+minBufferSize);

        audioTrack = new AudioTrack(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC, 0xac44,

        AudioFormat.CHANNEL_CONFIGURATION_STEREO, AudioFormat.ENCODING_PCM_16BIT, minBufferSize*2,AudioTrack.MODE_STREAM);

        audioTrack.setStereoVolume(1.0f, 1.0f);// 设置当前音量大小

        System.out.println("initAudioTrack over");

        audioTrack.play();

    }

    public void onClick(View v)

    {

        switch (v.getId()) {

        case R.id.button1:

            writePCMThread.start();

            break;

        case R.id.button2:

            break;

        default:

            break;

    }

    }

    public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {

        System.out.println("surfaceCreated()");

        this.surfaceHolder = holder;

    }

    public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {

    }

    public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width,

        int height) {

        this.surfaceHolder = holder;

    }

    public void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

    }

}

注：PCM和WAV

以下摘自：http://www.erji.net/read.php?tid=227570

简单来说，pcm是一种数据编码格式，CD唱盘上刻录的就直接用pcm格式编码的数据文件； wav是一种声音文件格式，wav里面包含的声音数据可以是采用pcm格式编码的声音数据，也可以是采用其它格式编码的声音数据，但目前一般采用pcm编码的声音数据两者区别就是这些

pcm是一个通信上的概念，脉冲编码调制。wav是媒体概念，体现的是封装。wav文件可以封装pcm编码信息，也可以封装其他编码格式，例如mp3等。

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