Service学习笔记

一 什么是Service

  Service作为安卓四大组件之一,拥有重要的地位。Service和Activity级别相同,只是没有界面,是运行于后台的服务。这个运行“后台”是指不可见,不是指在后台线程中,事实上四大组件都是运行在UI线程中,都不能在各自的生命周期方法中执行耗时操作或者网络请求。

二 如何使用Service

  Service主要可以分为两类:Local Service、Remote Service。这里以比较常用的Local Service为例,介绍Service的两种使用方法。

  (1)通过Context.startService()启动Service,通过Context.stopService()结束服务。

  新建一个MyService类继承Service,重写onCreate()、onStartCommand()、onDestroy()方法,然后在MainActivity中设置两个按钮,增加其各自点击事件用于启动和停止MyService。

package com.example.haisun.myapplication3;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.util.Log; /**
* Created by HaiSun on 2015/10/10.
*/
public class MyService extends Service { @Nullable
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return null;
} @Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
Log.d("MyService","onCreate executed");
} @Override
public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
Log.d("MyService","onStartCommand executed");
// new Thread(new Runnable() {
// @Override
// public void run() {
// //具体逻辑
// stopSelf();
// }
// }).start();
return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
} @Override
public void onDestroy() {
Log.d("MyService","onDestroy executed");
super.onDestroy();
}
}
package com.example.haisun.myapplication3;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button; public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{ @Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button start = (Button)findViewById(R.id.start_service);
Button stop = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stop_service);
start.setOnClickListener(this);
stop.setOnClickListener(this); } @Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()){
case R.id.start_service:
Intent intent = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
startService(intent);
break;
case R.id.stop_service:
Intent stopIntent = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
stopService(stopIntent);
break; default:
break; } } }

  (2)通过Context.bindService()来绑定一个service,通过Context.unbindService()解绑。

  这里只是在上面的例子上增加了一些内容即可。

  1.在MyService里面新建一个内部类DownBinder继承Binder

class DownLoadBinder extends Binder {
public void startDownLoad(){
Log.d("MyService","startDownLoad executed");
}
public int getProgress(){
Log.d("MyService","getProgress executed");
return 0;
}

  2.通过MyService中的onBind方法返回DownBinder的实例,供Activity绑定成功后的回调

private DownLoadBinder mBinder = new DownLoadBinder();

    @Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mBinder;
}

  3.Activity中绑定,需要新建一个ServiceConnection对象,获得回调的Binder,进而得到DownBinder实例

private MyService.DownLoadBinder downLoadBinder;

    private ServiceConnection connection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
downLoadBinder = (MyService.DownLoadBinder)service;
downLoadBinder.startDownLoad();
downLoadBinder.getProgress();
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
}
};

  4.类似的,设置两个按钮,增加绑定和解绑的点击事件

    case R.id.bind_service:
Intent bindIntent = new Intent(this,MyService.class);
bindService(bindIntent,connection,BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
break;
case R.id.unbind_service:
unbindService(connection);
break;

三 Service的生命周期

  下图为Google官方提供的配图

  Service学习笔记

附:完整的Demo地址:https://github.com/sunhai1992/ServiceTest

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