flask-script
用于实现类似于django中 python3 manage.py runserver ...类似的命令
安装
>: pip3 install flask-script
使用
manage.py
from flask import Flask
# 1.导入Manager
from flask_script import Manager
# 2. 实例化Flask生成对象app
app = Flask(__name__)
# 3.实例化Manager并将app传入生成对象manager
manager=Manager(app) @app.route("/")
def index():
return "ok" if __name__ == '__main__':
# 4. 用manager.run()启动flask,即可实现类似django启动命令
manager.run() # flask 启动命令 python3 文件名.py runserver 这里的文件名是manage
自定制命令
manage.py
from flask import Flask
from flask_script import Manager
app = Flask(__name__)
manager=Manager(app) @app.route("/")
def index():
return "ok" # 1.装饰命令体函数
@manager.command
def custom1(arg,a): # 2.命令体函数
"""
使用自定义命令: python 文件名.py 函数名 参数1 参数2
python manage.py custom 123
:param arg:
:return:
"""
print(arg,a) @manager.option('-n', '--name', dest='name')
@manager.option('-u', '--url', dest='url')
def cmd(name, url):
"""
自定义命令（-n也可以写成--name）
执行： python manage.py cmd -n haha -u http://www.baidu.com
执行： python manage.py cmd --name haha --url http://www.baidu.com
:param name:
:param url:
:return:
"""
print(name, url) if __name__ == '__main__':
manager.run()
多app应用(了解)
from werkzeug.wsgi import DispatcherMiddleware
from werkzeug.serving import run_simple
from flask import Flask
app1 = Flask('app01')
app2 = Flask('app02') @app1.route('/index')
def index():
return "app01" @app2.route('/index')
def index2():
return "app2" 当访问的url是 /index 时,调用的是app1的 index函数
当访问的url是 /sec12/index 时, 调用的是app2的index2函数
dm = DispatcherMiddleware(app1, {
'/sec12': app2, 根据访问的url前缀进行路由分发
})
if __name__ == "__main__": run_simple('localhost', 5000, dm)
wtforms
类似django的form组件
安装
>: pip3 install wtforms
使用1
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates') app.debug = True class LoginForm(Form):
# 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
name = simple.StringField(
label='用户名',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(), # 页面上显示的插件
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'} )
# 字段（内部包含正则表达式）
pwd = simple.PasswordField(
label='密码',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
validators.Length(min=8, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d'),
validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\d$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符') ],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) @app.route('/login', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def login():
if request.method == 'GET':
form = LoginForm()
return render_template('login.html', form=form)
else:
form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
if form.validate():
print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
else:
print(form.errors)
return render_template('login.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>登录</h1>
<form method="post">
<p>{{form.name.label}} {{form.name}} {{form.name.errors[0] }}</p> <p>{{form.pwd.label}} {{form.pwd}} {{form.pwd.errors[0] }}</p>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>
使用2：
from flask import Flask, render_template, request, redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import core
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms import validators
from wtforms import widgets app = Flask(__name__, template_folder='templates')
app.debug = True class RegisterForm(Form):
name = simple.StringField(
label='用户名',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired()
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
default='alex'
) pwd = simple.PasswordField(
label='密码',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
label='重复密码',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")
],
widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) email = html5.EmailField(
label='邮箱',
validators=[
validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
],
widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
) gender = core.RadioField(
label='性别',
choices=(
(1, '男'),
(2, '女'),
),
coerce=int # “1” “2”
)
city = core.SelectField(
label='城市',
choices=(
('bj', '北京'),
('sh', '上海'),
)
) hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
label='爱好',
choices=(
(1, '篮球'),
(2, '足球'),
),
coerce=int
) favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
label='喜好',
choices=(
(1, '篮球'),
(2, '足球'),
),
widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
coerce=int,
default=[1, 2]
) def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
super(RegisterForm, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
self.favor.choices = ((1, '篮球'), (2, '足球'), (3, '羽毛球')) def validate_pwd_confirm(self, field):
"""
自定义pwd_confirm字段规则，例：与pwd字段是否一致
:param field:
:return:
"""
# 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值 if field.data != self.data['pwd']:
# raise validators.ValidationError("密码不一致") # 继续后续验证
raise validators.StopValidation("密码不一致") # 不再继续后续验证 @app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
if request.method == 'GET':
form = RegisterForm(data={'gender': 2,'hobby':[1,]}) # initial
return render_template('register.html', form=form)
else:
form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
if form.validate():
print('用户提交数据通过格式验证，提交的值为：', form.data)
else:
print(form.errors)
return render_template('register.html', form=form) if __name__ == '__main__':
app.run()
login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户注册</h1>
<form method="post" novalidate style="padding:0 50px">
{% for field in form %}
<p>{{field.label}}: {{field}} {{field.errors[0] }}</p>
{% endfor %}
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>