paramiko模块
paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块,使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作,值得一说的是,fabric和ansible内部的远程管理就是使用的paramiko来现实。其实它的底层是对ssh的上层代码的一个封装
一、下载安装
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#pycrypto,由于 paramiko 模块内部依赖pycrypto,所以先下载安装pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install pycrypto tomcat@node:~$ pip install paramiko |
二、模块使用
1、SSHClient 用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
(1)基于用户名密码连接两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko
# 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' , password = '123456' )
# 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'ls' )
# 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read()
# 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
-->二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = 'root' , password = '123456' )
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' )
print stdout.read()
transport.close() |
(2)基于公钥密钥连接的两种方式:
-->第一种
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' )
# 创建SSH对象 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机 ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 连接服务器 ssh.connect(hostname = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' , key = private_key)
# 执行命令 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' )
# 获取命令结果 result = stdout.read()
# 关闭连接 ssh.close() |
-->第二种:SSHClient 封装 Transport
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' )
transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = 'root' , pkey = private_key)
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = transport
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command( 'df' )
transport.close() |
2、SFTPClient用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
(1)基于用户名密码上传下载:
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import paramiko
transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = 'root' ,password = '123456' )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' )
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' )
transport.close() |
(2)基于公钥密钥上传下载:
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import paramiko
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file( '/root/.ssh/id_rsa' )
transport = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ))
transport.connect(username = 'root' , pkey = private_key )
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py sftp.put( '/tmp/location.py' , '/tmp/test.py' )
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path sftp.get( 'remove_path' , 'local_path' )
transport.close() |
3、实例:通过transport实现远程执行命令和上传文件
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import paramiko
class SSHConnection( object ):
def __init__( self , host = '192.168.1.21' , port = 22 , username = 'root' ,pwd = '123456' ):
self .host = host
self .port = port
self .username = username
self .pwd = pwd
self .__k = None
def run( self ):
self .connect()
pass
self .close()
def connect( self ):
transport = paramiko.Transport(( self .host, self .port))
transport.connect(username = self .username,password = self .pwd)
self .__transport = transport
def close( self ):
self .__transport.close()
def cmd( self , command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self .__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result
def upload( self ,local_path, target_path):
# 连接,上传
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport( self .__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(local_path, target_path)
ssh = SSHConnection()
ssh.connect() r1 = ssh.cmd( 'df' )
print (r1.decode())
#ssh.upload('test.py', "/root/test.py") ssh.upload( 's13_par.py' , "/root/s7.py" )
ssh.close() |
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import paramiko
import uuid class SSHConnection(object): def __init__(self, host='172.16.103.191', port=22, username='wupeiqi',pwd='123'):
self.host = host
self.port = port
self.username = username
self.pwd = pwd
self.__k = None def create_file(self):
file_name = str(uuid.uuid4())
with open(file_name,'w') as f:
f.write('sb')
return file_name def run(self):
self.connect()
self.upload('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py')
self.rename('/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py', '/home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py)
self.close() def connect(self):
transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port))
transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd)
self.__transport = transport def close(self): self.__transport.close() def upload(self,target_path):
# 连接,上传
file_name = self.create_file() sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(file_name, target_path) def rename(self, old_path, new_path): ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
cmd = "mv %s %s" % (old_path, new_path,)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read() def cmd(self, command):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh._transport = self.__transport
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
# 获取命令结果
result = stdout.read()
return result ha = SSHConnection()
ha.run()
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# 对于更多限制命令,需要在系统中设置 / etc / sudoers
Defaults requiretty Defaults:cmdb !requiretty Demo
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堡垒机
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程(前戏)
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
版本一:能连上远程服务器在终端任意输入命令,但无法做到tab键补全命令
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ,))
tran.start_client() tran.auth_password( 'root' , '123456' )
# 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() while True :
# 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据
# sys.stdin 处理用户输入
# chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息
readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[], 1 )
if chan in readable:
try :
x = u(chan.recv( 1024 ))
if len (x) = = 0 :
print ( '\r\n*** EOF\r\n' )
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in readable:
inp = sys.stdin.readline()
chan.sendall(inp)
chan.close() tran.close() |
版本二:在版本一上增加了命令补全功能和命令记录
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import select
import getpass
import termios
import tty
from paramiko.py3compat import u
tran = paramiko.Transport(( '192.168.1.21' , 22 ,))
tran.start_client() tran.auth_password( 'root' , '123456' )
# 打开一个通道 chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端 chan.get_pty() # 激活器 chan.invoke_shell() # 获取原tty属性 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try :
# 为tty设置新属性
# 默认当前tty设备属性:
# 输入一行回车,执行
# CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。
# 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号
# 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout( 0.0 )
while True :
# 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket)
# 阻塞,直到句柄可读
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1 )
if chan in r:
try :
x = u(chan.recv( 1024 ))
if len (x) = = 0 :
print ( '\r\n*** EOF\r\n' )
break
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read( 1 )
if len (x) = = 0 :
break
chan.send(x)
finally :
# 重新设置终端属性
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
chan.close() tran.close() |
版本三:windows、linux通用版本
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import paramiko
import sys
import os
import socket
import getpass
from paramiko.py3compat import u
# windows does not have termios... try :
import termios
import tty
has_termios = True
except ImportError:
has_termios = False
def interactive_shell(chan):
if has_termios:
posix_shell(chan)
else :
windows_shell(chan)
def posix_shell(chan):
import select
oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)
try :
tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())
tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())
chan.settimeout( 0.0 )
log = open ( 'handle.log' , 'a+' , encoding = 'utf-8' )
flag = False
temp_list = []
while True :
r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])
if chan in r:
try :
x = u(chan.recv( 1024 ))
if len (x) = = 0 :
sys.stdout.write( '\r\n*** EOF\r\n' )
break
if flag:
if x.startswith( '\r\n' ):
pass
else :
temp_list.append(x)
flag = False
sys.stdout.write(x)
sys.stdout.flush()
except socket.timeout:
pass
if sys.stdin in r:
x = sys.stdin.read( 1 )
import json
if len (x) = = 0 :
break
if x = = '\t' :
flag = True
else :
temp_list.append(x)
if x = = '\r' :
log.write(''.join(temp_list))
log.flush()
temp_list.clear()
chan.send(x)
finally :
termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
def windows_shell(chan):
import threading
sys.stdout.write( "Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n" )
def writeall(sock):
while True :
data = sock.recv( 256 )
if not data:
sys.stdout.write( '\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n' )
sys.stdout.flush()
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target = writeall, args = (chan,))
writer.start()
try :
while True :
d = sys.stdin.read( 1 )
if not d:
break
chan.send(d)
except EOFError:
# user hit ^Z or F6
pass
def run():
default_username = getpass.getuser()
username = input ( 'Username [%s]: ' % default_username)
if len (username) = = 0 :
username = default_username
hostname = input ( 'Hostname: ' )
if len (hostname) = = 0 :
print ( '*** Hostname required.' )
sys.exit( 1 )
tran = paramiko.Transport((hostname, 22 ,))
tran.start_client()
default_auth = "p"
auth = input ( 'Auth by (p)assword or (r)sa key[%s] ' % default_auth)
if len (auth) = = 0 :
auth = default_auth
if auth = = 'r' :
default_path = os.path.join(os.environ[ 'HOME' ], '.ssh' , 'id_rsa' )
path = input ( 'RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)
if len (path) = = 0 :
path = default_path
try :
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)
except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:
password = getpass.getpass( 'RSA key password: ' )
key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)
tran.auth_publickey(username, key)
else :
pw = getpass.getpass( 'Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))
tran.auth_password(username, pw)
# 打开一个通道
chan = tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
interactive_shell(chan)
chan.close()
tran.close()
if __name__ = = '__main__' :
run()
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更多参见:paramoko源码 https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko
Alex堡垒机:http://www.cnblogs.com/alex3714/articles/5286889.html