以下用大O表示节点,ABC表示三个集合。
仅分析左子树的情况,因为对称,右子树的情况一样。
插入节点前
O
/ \
O A
/ \
B C
插入节点后:
O
/ \
O A
/ \
B C
/
O
此时造成了最高节点的不平衡,说明了B+2 - A = 2;另外可以知道B = C,考虑B<C,那么在插入节点前最高点就已经不平衡了,考虑B > C,那么最高的左子树就已经不平衡了,而不应该考虑最高点。所以此时可以知道A = B = C。
左子树单旋转之后:
O
/ \
B O
/ / \
O C A
对于最高点来说,左子树深度为B+1,右子树深度为A+1,即B + 1。
对比插入后的树,可以知道只有原最高节点的深度发生变化,所以只需更新该节点的深度。
另外一种情况:
插入后:
O
/ \
O A
/ \
B C
/
O
此时如果单旋转,结果为:
O
/ \
B O
/ \
C A
/
O
明显这个情况并没有得到解决。
所以首先要单右旋转最高节点的左子树,结果为:
O
/ \
C A
/ \
O O
/
B
此时可以知道C集合的深度发生了变化,需要更新C的深度,而之前更新的是最高点的深度,所以在旋转时需要更新原最高点和现最高点的深度。
第二次左旋转原最高点,结果为
C
/ \
O O
/ / \
B O A
这里面的正确有一些缺陷,应该把ABC集合多展开几层,否则在双旋转时的证明有些怪异,反正就是这个思路,因为画图实在是太麻烦了。
最后是代码:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
typedef struct _node
{
int element;
int high;
struct _node *lefttree;
struct _node *righttree;
}node; int gethigh(node *t)
{
if(t == )
return -;
return t->high;
} node *singlerotatewithleft(node *t)
{
node *tmp = t->lefttree;
t->lefttree = tmp->righttree;
tmp->righttree = t; tmp->high = ((gethigh(tmp->lefttree) > gethigh(tmp->righttree))?gethigh(tmp->lefttree):gethigh(tmp->righttree)) + ;
t->high = ((gethigh(t->lefttree) > gethigh(t->righttree))?gethigh(t->lefttree):gethigh(t->righttree)) + ;
return tmp;
} node *singlerotatewithright(node *t)
{
node *tmp = t->righttree;
t->righttree = tmp->lefttree;
tmp->lefttree = t; tmp->high = ((gethigh(tmp->lefttree) > gethigh(tmp->righttree))?gethigh(tmp->lefttree):gethigh(tmp->righttree)) + ;
t->high = ((gethigh(t->lefttree) > gethigh(t->righttree))?gethigh(t->lefttree):gethigh(t->righttree)) + ;
return tmp;
} node *doubleroratewithleft(node *t)
{
t->lefttree = singlerotatewithright(t->lefttree);
return singlerotatewithleft(t);
} node *doubleroratewithright(node *t)
{
t->righttree = singlerotatewithleft(t->righttree);
return singlerotatewithright(t);
} node *insert(node *t,int element)
{
if (t == )
{
t = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
t->element = element;
t->lefttree = t->righttree = ;
}
else if(t->element > element){
t->lefttree = insert(t->lefttree,element);
if(gethigh(t->lefttree) - gethigh(t->righttree) == )
if(element < t->lefttree->element)
t= singlerotatewithleft(t);
else
t= doubleroratewithleft(t);
}
else if(t->element < element){
t->righttree = insert(t->righttree,element);
if(gethigh(t->righttree) - gethigh(t->lefttree) == )
if(element > t->righttree->element)
t= singlerotatewithright(t);
else
t= doubleroratewithright(t); }
t->high = ((gethigh(t->lefttree) > gethigh(t->righttree))?gethigh(t->lefttree):gethigh(t->righttree)) + ;
return t;
} node *find(node *t,int element)
{
if(t == )
return ;
else if(t->element > element)
return find(t->lefttree,element);
else if(t->element < element)
return find(t->righttree,element);
else
return t;
} node* findmin(node *t)
{
if(t == )
return ;
if(t->lefttree == )
return t;
else
return findmin(t->lefttree);
} node *delele(node *t,int element)
{
if(t == )
return ;
else if(t->element > element)
t->lefttree = delele(t->lefttree,element);
else if(t->element < element)
t->righttree = delele(t->righttree,element);
else
{
if(t->lefttree && t->righttree)
{
node *tmp;
tmp = findmin(t->righttree);
t->element = tmp->element;
t->righttree = delele(t->righttree,tmp->element);
}
else
{
node *tmp;
tmp = t->lefttree?t->lefttree:t->righttree;
free(t);
t = tmp;
}
}
return t;
} void printtree(node *t)
{
if(t == )
return;
printtree(t->lefttree);
printf("%d\t",t->element);
printf("high = %d\n",t->high);
printtree(t->righttree);
} int main()
{
int a[] = {,,,,,,,,};
node *t;
int i = ;
t = insert(,);
for(;i<;i++){
t = insert(t,a[i]);
//printtree(t);
//sleep(1);
}
//t = delele(t,6);
printtree(t);
printf("\n");
//while(1);
return ;
}