元素定位
#coding=utf-8 from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
import time
binary = FirefoxBinary('/Applications/FirefoxDeveloperEdition.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary) driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
size = driver.find_element_by_id('kw').size
print(size) text = driver.find_element_by_id('cp').text
print(text) size1 = driver.find_element_by_id('kw').get_attribute('type')
print(size1) size2 = driver.find_element_by_id('kw').is_displayed()
print(size2) driver.find_element_by_id('kw').clear()
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('selenium')
driver.find_element_by_id('su').click() time.sleep(2)
driver.get('http://news.baidu.com') time.sleep(2)
driver.back() time.sleep(2)
driver.forward() time.sleep(2)
driver.refresh()
鼠标键盘操作
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys import time
binary = FirefoxBinary('/Applications/FirefoxDeveloperEdition.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary) driver.get('http://www.baidu.com') right_click = driver.find_element_by_id("listHolder")
# 右键
ActionChains(driver).context_click(right_click).perform() # 鼠标悬停
above = driver.find_element_by_name("tj_settingicon")
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(above).perform() #双击
double_click = driver.find_element_by_id('xx')
ActionChains(driver).double_click(double_click).perform() # 拖动
drag_start = driver.find_element_by_id('xx')
drag_end = driver.find_element_by_id('cc')
ActionChains(driver).drag_and_drop(drag_start,drag_end).perform() #输入框输入内容
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('hha') #删除多输入的内容
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(Keys.BACK_SPACE) #输入空格
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(Keys.SPACE) # ctrl+a全选
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL,'a') #回车
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)
显式/隐式等待
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC binary = FirefoxBinary('/Applications/FirefoxDeveloperEdition.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary) driver.get('http://www.baidu.com') #显式等待
element = WebDriverWait(driver,5,0.5).until(EC.presence_of_all_elements_located((By.ID,'kw')))
element.send_keys('ss') #隐式等待 from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
driver.implicitly_wait(10)
driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')
try:
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('ss')
except NoSuchElementException as e:
print(e)
窗口/frame切换
#coding=utf-8
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_binary import FirefoxBinary
binary = FirefoxBinary('/Applications/FirefoxDeveloperEdition.app/Contents/MacOS/firefox-bin')
driver = webdriver.Firefox(firefox_binary=binary) driver.get('http://www.baidu.com') #iframe切换id或name,否则用XPATH定位
driver.switch_to.frame("if") #返回之前页面
driver.switch_to.parent_frame() # 多窗口切换 #获得当前窗口句柄
search_windows=driver.current_window_handle driver.find_element_by_link_text('登录').click()
driver.find_element_by_link_text('立即注册').click() #获取当前所有打开的窗口句柄
all_handles = driver.window_handles #进入注册窗口
for handle in all_handles:
if handle != search_windows:
driver.switch_to.window(handle)
print('注册。。。')
# 填写信息send_keys #回到之前窗口
for handle in all_handles:
if handle ==search_windows:
driver.switch_to.window(handle)
print('搜索。。。')
警告框处理
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") driver.find_element_by_link_text("设置").click()
driver.find_element_by_class_name("setpref").click()
sleep(2) # 保存设置
driver.find_element_by_class_name("prefpanelgo").click()
sleep(2) # 接受警告框
driver.switch_to.alert().accept() driver.quit()
文件下载
from selenium import webdriver
import os # download.default_directory 指定文件下载路径。
# profile.default_content_settings.popups 设置0，禁止下载时弹出窗口。 options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
prefs = {'profile.default_content_settings.popups': 0,
'download.default_directory': os.getcwd()
}
options.add_experimental_option('prefs', prefs) driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)
driver.get("http://pypi.Python.org/pypi/selenium")
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("selenium-3.0.2.tar.gz").click()
文件上传
from selenium import webdriver
import os, time driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = 'file:///' + os.path.abspath('./webdriver_api/web_page/upfile.html')
driver.get(file_path) time.sleep(2)
# 定位上传按钮，添加本地文件
driver.find_element_by_name("file").send_keys(os.path.abspath('./webdriver_api/web_page/upload_file.txt'))
time.sleep(5)
driver.quit()
操作cookie
from selenium import webdriver
driver = webdriver.Chrome() '''
* get_cookies() 获得所有 cookie 信息。
* get_cookie(name) 返回字典的 key 为“ name”的 cookie 信息。
* add_cookie(cookie_dict) 添加 cookie。“ cookie_dict”指字典对象，必须有name和value 值。
* delete_cookie(name,optionsString) 删除 cookie 信息。“name”是要删除的 cookie 的名称，
“optionsString”是该 cookie 的选项，目前支持的选项包括“路径”，“域”。
* delete_all_cookies() 删除所有 cookie 信息。
''' driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") # 向 cookie 的 name 和 value 中添加会话信息
driver.add_cookie({'name': 'key-aaaaaaa', 'value': 'value-bbbbbb'}) # 遍历 cookies 中的 name 和 value 信息并打印，当然还有上面添加的信息
for cookie in driver.get_cookies():
print("%s -> %s" % (cookie['name'], cookie['value'])) driver.quit()
调用javascript
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep #execute_script() 调用JavaScript操作Web。 driver=webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("https://www.baidu.com") driver.set_window_size(600, 600)
driver.find_element_by_id("kw").send_keys("selenium")
driver.find_element_by_id("su").click()
sleep(2) # 通过 javascript 设置浏览器窗口的滚动条位置
js="window.scrollTo(100,450);"
driver.execute_script(js)
sleep(3)
driver.quit()
窗口截图
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep
import os # get_screenshot_as_file() 截取窗口图片。
driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com')
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('selenium')
driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
sleep(2) # 截取当前窗口，并指定截图图片的保存位置
driver.get_screenshot_as_file(os.path.abspath('./webdriver_api/web_page/baidu_page.jpg'))
driver.quit()
视频播放处理
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep driver = webdriver.Chrome()
driver.get("http://videojs.com/")
video = driver.find_element_by_id("home_video") # 返回播放文件地址
url = driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].currentSrc;", video)
print(url) # 播放视频
print("start")
driver.execute_script("return arguments[0].play()", video) # 播放 15 秒钟
sleep(15) # 暂停视频
print("stop")
driver.execute_script("arguments[0].pause()", video)
driver.quit()
下拉框选择
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.select import Select
import os driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = 'file:///' + os.path.abspath('./webdriver_api/web_page/select_tag.html')
driver.get(file_path) sel = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//select[@id='status']")
Select(sel).select_by_value('') #未审核
Select(sel).select_by_value('') #初审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value('') #复审通过
Select(sel).select_by_value('') #审核不通过