4. 集合操作 集合是一个无序的,不重复的数据组合,它的主要作用如下:1. 去重,把一个列表变成集合,就自动去重了2. 关系测试,测试两组数据之前的交集、差集、并集等关系1-1list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1)print(list_1,type(list_1))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} <class 'set'>集合有点像字典,其实不是字典 集合也是无序的1-1-11ist_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_1,list_2)--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22}1-1-1-1如何快速取出交集?# 交集print(list_1.intersection(list_2))--->{4, 6}1-1-1-2# 并集print(list_1.union(list_2))--->{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 66, 9, 8, 22} 两个集合合并一起了1-1-1-3# 差集 in list_1 but not in list_2print(list_1,list_2)print(list_1.difference(list_2))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22} {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}1-1-1-4# 差集 in list_2 but not in list_1print(list_1,list_2)print(list_2.difference(list_1))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22} {0, 2, 66, 8, 22}1-1-1-5# 子集print(list_1,list_2)print(list_1.issubset(list_2))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22} False1-1-1-6# 父集print(list_1,list_2)print(list_1.issuperset(list_2))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22} False list_3 = set([1,3,7])print(list_3.issubset(list_1))print(list_1.issuperset(list_3))--->True True1-1-1-7# 对称差集list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_1,list_2)print(list_1.symmetric_difference(list_2))--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} {0, 2, 66, 4, 6, 8, 22} {0, 1, 2, 66, 3, 5, 8, 7, 9, 22}# 去掉了交集,取出互相没有的,放一起,去掉重复的# 关系就这些,交集,并集,差集,父集,子集,对称差集2-1list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4]) list_3 = set([1,3,7]) list_4 = set([5,6,8])print(list_3.isdisjoint(list_4))--->True2-1-1list_3 = set([1,3,7]) list_4 = set([5,6,7,8])print(list_3.isdisjoint(list_4))--->False2-2用符号表示交集# 交集list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_1 & list_2)--->{4, 6}2-2-1用符号表示并集# 并集list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_2 | list_1)--->{0, 1, 2, 66, 4, 3, 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, 22}2-2-2用符号求差集# differencelist_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_1 - list_2) # in list 1 but not in list 2--->{1, 3, 5, 7, 9}2-2-3用符号求 对称差集# 对称差集list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9] list_1 = set(list_1) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])print(list_1 ^ list_2) --->{0, 1, 2, 66, 3, 5, 8, 7, 9, 22}# 顺序同样没关系3-1我们对集合还可以进行 增删改查 list_1 = set([1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4]) list_1.add(999)print(list_1)# 添加位置是无序的--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 999, 9}3-1-1添加多项 list_1 = set([1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]) list_2 = set([2,6,0,66,22,8,4]) list_1.update([888,777,555])print(list_1)--->{1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 777, 555, 888}3-1-2删除 使用 remove() 可以删除一项 t.remove('H') # 去重3-1-3x in s 测试 x 是否是 s 的成员 x not in s 测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员 s.copy() 返回 set "s" 的一个浅复制3-1-4list_1.discard() remove 如果不存在会报错 discard 如果不存在,不会报错