MySQL Atlas读写分离

目录


Atlas介绍

Atlas是由 Qihoo 360 Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。它是在mysql-proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上,对其进行了优化,增加了一些新的功能特性。

Atlas主要功能如下:

  • 读写分离
  • 从库负载均衡
  • IP过滤
  • 自动分表
  • 自动清除宕机DB

MySQL Atlas读写分离

Atlas部署

  1. 下载安装Atlas软件

    [root@slave02 ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
    [root@slave02 ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
    
  2. 查看Atlas文件

    [root@slave02 ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql-proxy/
    total 0
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  75 Oct  5 15:53 bin    # 可执行文件
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  22 Oct  5 15:53 conf   # 配置文件
    drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 331 Oct  5 15:53 lib    # 库文件
    drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   6 Dec 17  2014 log    # 日志文件
    
  3. 查看配置文件

    [root@slave02 conf]# cat test.cnf 
    [mysql-proxy]
    
    #带#号的为非必需的配置项目
    
    #管理接口的用户名
    admin-username = user
    
    #管理接口的密码
    admin-password = pwd
    
    #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
    proxy-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3306
    
    #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口,@后面的数字代表权重,用来作负载均衡,若省略则默认为1,可设置多项,用逗号分隔
    #proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1
    
    #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码,密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密,下行的user1和user2为示例,将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码!
    pwds = user1:+jKsgB3YAG8=, user2:GS+tr4TPgqc=
    
    #设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时为守护进程方式,设为false时为前台方式,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
    daemon = true
    
    #设置Atlas的运行方式,设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程,一个为monitor,一个为worker,monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启,设为false时只有worker,没有monitor,一般开发调试时设为false,线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
    keepalive = true
    
    #工作线程数,对Atlas的性能有很大影响,可根据情况适当设置
    event-threads = 8
    
    #日志级别,分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
    log-level = message
    
    #日志存放的路径
    log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
    
    #SQL日志的开关,可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME,OFF代表不记录SQL日志,ON代表记录SQL日志,REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘,默认为OFF
    #sql-log = OFF
    
    #慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时,则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow(单位:ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。
    #sql-log-slow = 10
    
    #实例名称,用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
    #instance = test
    
    #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
    proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234
    
    #Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
    admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
    
    #分表设置,此例中person为库名,mt为表名,id为分表字段,3为子表数量,可设置多项,以逗号分隔,若不分表则不需要设置该项
    #tables = person.mt.id.3
    
    #默认字符集,设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
    #charset = utf8
    
    #允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP,可以是精确IP,也可以是IP段,以逗号分隔,若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接,否则只允许列表中的IP连接
    #client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1
    
    #Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP),若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置,否则可以不设置
    #lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1
    
  4. 编辑配置文件

    [mysql-proxy]
    admin-username = user
    admin-password = pwd
    proxy-backend-addresses = 192.168.1.10:3306                           # 写节点(配合MHA,此处可以是VIP地址)
    proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 192.168.1.6:3306,192.168.1.7:3306 # 读节点
    pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=                             # 后端数据库用户(密码是加密后的密文)
    daemon = true
    keepalive = true
    event-threads = 8
    log-level = message
    log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
    sql-log=ON                
    proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
    admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
    charset=utf8
    
  5. 启动Atlas

    [root@slave02 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
    OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
    [root@slave02 ~]# netstat -lntup | grep 33060    # 对外提供服务的端口
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:33060           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13200/mysql-proxy   
    [root@slave02 ~]# netstat -lntup | grep 2345     # 管理端口
    tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:2345            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      13200/mysql-proxy   
    
  6. Atlas功能测试
    测试读操作:在两个从库上轮询

    [root@slave02 ~]# mysql -umha -pmha  -h 192.168.1.7 -P 33060 
    db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
    +-------------+
    | @@server_id |
    +-------------+
    |           7 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.51 sec)
    
    db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
    +-------------+
    | @@server_id |
    +-------------+
    |           6 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)
    
    db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
    +-------------+
    | @@server_id |
    +-------------+
    |           7 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.00 sec)	
    

    测试写操作:只会在主库进行

    db03 [(none)]>begin;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
    
    db03 [(none)]>select @@server_id;
    +-------------+
    | @@server_id |
    +-------------+
    |           5 |
    +-------------+
    1 row in set (0.12 sec)
    
    db03 [(none)]>commit;
    Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
    

需求:在数据库中创建root管理员用户,host为10.0.0%进行管理

  1. 主节点创建用户

    > grant all on *.* to root@'192.168.1.%' identified by '123';
    
  2. 在Atlas配置文件添加用户

    [root@slave02 ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123     # 加密密文
    [root@slave02 ~]#vim test.cnf
    pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:O2jBXONX098=,root:3yb5jEku5h4=
    
    [root@slave02 ~]#/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
    [root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123  -h 192.168.1.7 -P 33060
    

Atlas基本管理

  • 连接管理接口

    [root@slave02 ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P2345
    
  • 查看所有管理帮助

    db03 [(none)]>select * from help;
    +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | command                    | description                                             |
    +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    | SELECT * FROM help         | shows this help                                         |
    | SELECT * FROM backends     | lists the backends and their state                      |
    | SET OFFLINE $backend_id    | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx's id |
    | SET ONLINE $backend_id     | online backend server, ...                              |
    | ADD MASTER $backend        | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ...               |
    | ADD SLAVE $backend         | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ...                |
    | REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ...                        |
    | SELECT * FROM clients      | lists the clients                                       |
    | ADD CLIENT $client         | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ...                  |
    | REMOVE CLIENT $client      | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ...               |
    | SELECT * FROM pwds         | lists the pwds                                          |
    | ADD PWD $pwd               | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ...               |
    | ADD ENPWD $pwd             | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ...       |
    | REMOVE PWD $pwd            | example: "remove pwd user", ...                         |
    | SAVE CONFIG                | save the backends to config file                        |
    | SELECT VERSION             | display the version of Atlas                            |
    +----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
    16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
  • 查看后端所有节点信息

    db03 [(none)]>select * from backends;
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    | backend_ndx | address           | state | type |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    |           1 | 192.168.1.10:3306 | up    | rw   |
    |           2 | 192.168.1.6:3306  | up    | ro   |
    |           3 | 192.168.1.7:3306  | up    | ro   |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
  • 动态添加节点

    db03 [(none)]>ADD SLAVE 192.168.1.8:3306;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
    db03 [(none)]>select * from backends;
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    | backend_ndx | address           | state | type |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    |           1 | 192.168.1.10:3306 | up    | rw   |
    |           2 | 192.168.1.6:3306  | up    | ro   |
    |           3 | 192.168.1.7:3306  | up    | ro   |
    |           4 | 192.168.1.8:3306  | down  | ro   |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    
  • 动态删除节点

    db03 [(none)]>select * from backends;
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    | backend_ndx | address           | state | type |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    |           1 | 192.168.1.10:3306 | up    | rw   |
    |           2 | 192.168.1.6:3306  | up    | ro   |
    |           3 | 192.168.1.7:3306  | up    | ro   |
    +-------------+-------------------+-------+------+
    3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    
  • 保存到配置文件

    db03 [(none)]>save config;
    Empty set (0.00 sec)
    
    

Atlas结合MHA故障恢复

  • switch_Atlas.sh

    # 脚本执行条件
    1.主从复制中,配置MHA服务(binlog server / VIP),Atlas服务
    2.主库down掉
    3.主从复制集群中,所有节点配置Atlas
    4.主从复制集群中,所有节点配置该脚本
    5.看主从复制现有的主从关系,修改配置文件中主从的指定(Atlas的配置文件在所有主机相同)
    # 执行结果
    1.使down的主库以从库的身份加入主从复制
    2.manager所在主机MHA恢复运行
    3.拉取down掉主机的binlog到manager指定目录
    4.Atlas恢复读写分离
    
    [root@db03 ~]# vim switch_Atlas.sh 
    #/bin/bash
    # 1.获取新的主库IP(该ip被VIP占用)
    new_master=`ssh 192.168.1.7 "grep 'as a new master' /var/log/mha/manager" | tail -1 | awk -F '[ ,(]' '{print $2}'`
    # 2.获取新的主库在Atlas中的ID
    new_master_id=`mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P 2345 -e "SELECT * FROM backends" | grep $new_master | awk '{print $1}'`
    # 3.移除提升为主库的从库
    mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P 2345 -e "REMOVE BACKEND $new_master_id" &> /dev/null
    # 4.恢复主从复制 MHA
    sh /root/start_mha.sh
    # 6.获取down掉的主机的IP:端口(该ip将以从库的身份加入主从)
    down_server_port=`ssh 192.168.1.7 "grep 'Master .* is down' /var/log/mha/manager" | tail -1 | awk -F '[ ,()]' '{print $3}'`
    # 7.添加down的主库为新的从库到Atlas
    mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P 2345 -e "add slave $down_server_port" &> /dev/null
    # 8.保存配置
    mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P 2345 -e "save config" &> /dev/null
    
  • start_mha.sh

    # 脚本执行条件
    1.主从复制中,配置MHA服务(binlog server / VIP)
    2.主库down掉
    # 执行结果(哪台主机down掉在哪执行)
    1.使down的主库以从库的身份加入主从复制
    2.MHA恢复运行
    3.拉取down掉主机的binlog到manager指定目录
    
    
    [root@db04 ~]# cat start_mha.sh 
    # 判断mysqld服务是否挂掉
    mysql_pid=`ps -ef | grep [m]ysqld | wc -l`
    
    # 如果挂掉则重启,如果没挂则杀掉重启
    if [ $mysql_pid -eq 0 ];
    then
        systemctl start mysqld
    else
        pkill mysqld
        systemctl start mysqld
    fi
    
    sleep 3
    
    # 获取change master to语句
    change=`ssh 192.168.1.7 "grep 'CHANGE MASTER TO' /var/log/mha/manager | tail -1 | sed 's#xxx#123#g'" | awk -F: '{print $4}'`
    # 重启数据库后,执行change master to
    mysql -uroot -p123 -e "${change};start slave" &>/dev/null
    
    # 修复MHA配置文件
    ssh 192.168.1.7 "\cp /etc/mha/mysql.cnf.bak /etc/mha/mysql.cnf"
    # 过滤出down主机的ip
    down_ip=`grep 'is down!' /var/log/mha/manager|tail -1|awk -F'[ ,(]' '{print $2}'`
    # 启动保存binlog
    ssh 192.168.1.7 'cd /binlog/ && nohup mysqlbinlog -R --host="$down_ip" --user=mha --password=mha --raw --stop-never mysql-bin.000001 &>/dev/null &'
    # 启动MHA
    ssh 192.168.1.7 'nohup masterha_manager --conf=/service/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /service/mha/manager.log 2>&1 &'
    

读写分离建议

  • MySQL-Router → MySQL官方
  • ProxySQL → Percona
  • Maxscale → MariaDB
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