源代码分析，是一件既痛苦又快乐的事情，看别人写的代码是通过的，但当你能够看明白的时候，相信快乐也会随之而来，为了减少痛苦，更快的带来快乐，
本文以spring框架的XmlBeanFactory为入手点进行分析
首先来打开该类的代码，我们将看到如下代码：
public class XmlBeanFactory extends DefaultListableBeanFactory {
private final XmlBeanDefinitionReader reader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(this);
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource) throws BeansException {
this(resource, null);
}
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
super(parentBeanFactory);
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}
}
这个类的代码很简单，一个成员对象加两个构造函数，从这里我们可以看出，最重要的地方在于最后一个构造函数：
public XmlBeanFactory(Resource resource, BeanFactory parentBeanFactory) throws BeansException {
super(parentBeanFactory);
this.reader.loadBeanDefinitions(resource);
}
第一句就是将父亲工厂交给父类的构造函数，
实际上最后也就是把父工厂保存到类的parentBeanFactory成员对象中，这个对象是在AbstractBeanFactory抽象类中定义的，而这个父工厂也会一直传递到该抽象类进行保存。
第二句就是整个类中最重要的地方了，顾名思义，它的目的是通过XmlBeanDefinitionReader这个XML的Reader从资源resource中（也就是你的配置文件）读取bean的定义。
接下来我们打开XmlBeanDefinitionReader的loadBeanDefinitions方法，我们可看到在这个方法里代码就一行，调用了一个同名不同参的方法，而参数是EncodedResource的一个实例，这个类实际上是Resource的一个包装类，用来保存资源的Encode的，
public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
return loadBeanDefinitions(new EncodedResource(resource));
}
那接下来我们再看被调用的loadBeanDefinitions方法，
public int loadBeanDefinitions(EncodedResource encodedResource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
Assert.notNull(encodedResource, "EncodedResource must not be null");
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Loading XML bean definitions from " + encodedResource.getResource());
}
Set<EncodedResource> currentResources = this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.get();
if (currentResources == null) {
currentResources = new HashSet<EncodedResource>(4);
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.set(currentResources);
}
if (!currentResources.add(encodedResource)) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"Detected cyclic loading of " + encodedResource + " - check your import definitions!");
}
try {
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(
"IOException parsing XML document from " + encodedResource.getResource(), ex);
}
finally {
currentResources.remove(encodedResource);
if (currentResources.isEmpty()) {
this.resourcesCurrentlyBeingLoaded.remove();
}
}
}
这个方法里最主要的部分就是：
try {
InputStream inputStream = encodedResource.getResource().getInputStream();
try {
InputSource inputSource = new InputSource(inputStream);
if (encodedResource.getEncoding() != null) {
inputSource.setEncoding(encodedResource.getEncoding());
}
return doLoadBeanDefinitions(inputSource, encodedResource.getResource());
}
finally {
inputStream.close();
}
}
这里的目的是将资源包装成一个InputSource，连同Resource作为参数传递到doLoadBeanDefinitions方法
protected int doLoadBeanDefinitions(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
try {
Document doc = doLoadDocument(inputSource, resource);
return registerBeanDefinitions(doc, resource);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (SAXParseException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Line " + ex.getLineNumber() + " in XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (SAXException ex) {
throw new XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"XML document from " + resource + " is invalid", ex);
}
catch (ParserConfigurationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Parser configuration exception parsing XML from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (IOException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"IOException parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(resource.getDescription(),
"Unexpected exception parsing XML document from " + resource, ex);
}
}
很遗憾,这个类没有什么实际作为,只有一些对异常的处理.把解析的逻辑委托给了doLoadDocument这个方法
然后调用registerBeanDefinitions方法,注册Bean的信息
protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
}
就是为了将资源解释成为Document对象,这里不做详细解释，不了解的话请去看看关于JAXP的介绍。
public Document loadDocument(InputSource inputSource, EntityResolver entityResolver,
ErrorHandler errorHandler, int validationMode, boolean namespaceAware) throws Exception { DocumentBuilderFactory factory = createDocumentBuilderFactory(validationMode, namespaceAware);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Using JAXP provider [" + factory.getClass().getName() + "]");
}
DocumentBuilder builder = createDocumentBuilder(factory, entityResolver, errorHandler);
return builder.parse(inputSource);
}
来看看registerBeanDefinitions的实现
public int registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, Resource resource) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader documentReader = createBeanDefinitionDocumentReader();
documentReader.setEnvironment(this.getEnvironment());
int countBefore = getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount();
documentReader.registerBeanDefinitions(doc, createReaderContext(resource));
return getRegistry().getBeanDefinitionCount() - countBefore;
}
在这里, 有一个BeanDefinitionDocumentReader接口, 实际上Spring对它有一个默认的实现类叫DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader, 来看看它的家族
BeanDefinitionDocumentReader只有2个方法 ,
registerBeanDefinitions就是其中一个
public interface BeanDefinitionDocumentReader {
/**
* Set the Environment to use when reading bean definitions.
* <p>Used for evaluating profile information to determine whether a
* {@code <beans/>} document/element should be included or ignored.
*/
void setEnvironment(Environment environment);
/**
* Read bean definitions from the given DOM document and
* register them with the registry in the given reader context.
* @param doc the DOM document
* @param readerContext the current context of the reader
* (includes the target registry and the resource being parsed)
* @throws BeanDefinitionStoreException in case of parsing errors
*/
void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException;
}
该方法需要两个参数, 一个是Document模型,这个应该是我们读取配置文件获取到的, 另一个是XmlReaderContext对象, 我们在上面方法中看到是通过createReaderContext(resource)得到的, 那就看看具体如何得到
public XmlReaderContext createReaderContext(Resource resource) {
return new XmlReaderContext(resource, this.problemReporter, this.eventListener,
this.sourceExtractor, this, getNamespaceHandlerResolver());
}
能过构造函数new出来的, 且有一个重要参数resource
再继续来看DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader对BeanDefinitionDocumentReader的registerBeanDefinitions方法实现
public void registerBeanDefinitions(Document doc, XmlReaderContext readerContext) {
this.readerContext = readerContext;
logger.debug("Loading bean definitions");
Element root = doc.getDocumentElement();
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(root);
}
是的
protected void doRegisterBeanDefinitions(Element root) {
String profileSpec = root.getAttribute(PROFILE_ATTRIBUTE);
if (StringUtils.hasText(profileSpec)) {
Assert.state(this.environment != null, "Environment must be set for evaluating profiles");
String[] specifiedProfiles = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(
profileSpec, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate.MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
if (!this.environment.acceptsProfiles(specifiedProfiles)) {
return;
}
}
// Any nested <beans> elements will cause recursion in this method. In
// order to propagate and preserve <beans> default-* attributes correctly,
// keep track of the current (parent) delegate, which may be null. Create
// the new (child) delegate with a reference to the parent for fallback purposes,
// then ultimately reset this.delegate back to its original (parent) reference.
// this behavior emulates a stack of delegates without actually necessitating one.
BeanDefinitionParserDelegate parent = this.delegate;
this.delegate = createDelegate(this.readerContext, root, parent);
preProcessXml(root);
parseBeanDefinitions(root, this.delegate);
postProcessXml(root);
this.delegate = parent;
}
嘿嘿, 开始解析Dom了哦, 其中主要是parseBeanDefinitions方法, 来看看具体是如何解析的
这里创建了一个XmlBeanDefinitionParser接口的实现，这个接口的具体类是DefaultXmlBeanDefinitionParser，这个接口很简单，只有registerBeanDefinitions一个方法，这个方法的作用也很明了，就是用来注册Bean的定义的，所以说类和方法的名字一定要起得有意义，这样可以让人一看就大概了解其作用，减少了很多阅读代码的痛苦。废话不多说，我们打开DefaultXmlBeanDefinitionParser的registerBeanDefinitions方法，这个类就是解释XML配置文件的核心类了，打开registerBeanDefinitions方法后我们看到如下代码：
protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = nl.item(i);
if (node instanceof Element) {
Element ele = (Element) node;
if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {
parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
}
}
}
}
else {
delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
}
}
看到了吧, 循环解析Domcument节点
parseDefaultElement方法和delegate的parseCustomElement方法
先来看parseDefaultElement方法
private void parseDefaultElement(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
}
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
processAliasRegistration(ele);
}
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
}
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, NESTED_BEANS_ELEMENT)) {
// recurse
doRegisterBeanDefinitions(ele);
}
}
看到这就很清楚了, 就是根据节点的名称作不同解析, 如我们Spring配置文件中常有以下几种配置
<import resource="classpath:xxx" />
<bean id="car" class="entity.CarFactoryBean">
<property name="carInfo" value="超级跑车,400,2000000" />
</bean>
对<import>节点, 调用importBeanDefinitionResource方法解析, 此方法中, 又回到第一步读取配置文件并解析. 如此递归循环.
...
if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, IMPORT_ELEMENT)) {
importBeanDefinitionResource(ele);
}
...
对<alias>节点, 调用processAliasRegistration进行别名解析
...
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, ALIAS_ELEMENT)) {
processAliasRegistration(ele);
}
...
我们主要看对<bean>节点调用processBeanDefinition进行解析
...
else if (delegate.nodeNameEquals(ele, BEAN_ELEMENT)) {
processBeanDefinition(ele, delegate);
}
...
processBeanDefinition:
protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
2 BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);
if (bdHolder != null) {
bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);
try {
// Register the final decorated instance.
BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());
}
catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {
getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +
bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);
}
// Send registration event.
getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));
}
}
嘿嘿, 又用到delegate对象了, 且调用它的parseBeanDefinitionElement方法, 返回一个BeanDefinitionHolder, 进去看它的parseBeanDefinitionElement方法
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele) {
return parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, null);
}
parseBeanDefinitionElement
public BeanDefinitionHolder parseBeanDefinitionElement(Element ele, BeanDefinition containingBean) {
String id = ele.getAttribute(ID_ATTRIBUTE);
String nameAttr = ele.getAttribute(NAME_ATTRIBUTE);
//解析id, name等属性,
List<String> aliases = new ArrayList<String>();
if (StringUtils.hasLength(nameAttr)) {
String[] nameArr = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(nameAttr, MULTI_VALUE_ATTRIBUTE_DELIMITERS);
aliases.addAll(Arrays.asList(nameArr));
}
String beanName = id;
if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName) && !aliases.isEmpty()) {
beanName = aliases.remove(0);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No XML 'id' specified - using '" + beanName +
"' as bean name and " + aliases + " as aliases");
}
}
//并验证beanName是否唯一, 并将beanName保存在aliases中
if (containingBean == null) {
checkNameUniqueness(beanName, aliases, ele);
}
//解析bean定义本身，而不考虑名称或别名。可能返回null，如果bean定义的解析过程中出现的问题
AbstractBeanDefinition beanDefinition = parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele, beanName, containingBean);
if (beanDefinition != null) {
if (!StringUtils.hasText(beanName)) {
try {
if (containingBean != null) {
beanName = BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.generateBeanName(
beanDefinition, this.readerContext.getRegistry(), true);
}
else {
beanName = this.readerContext.generateBeanName(beanDefinition);
// Register an alias for the plain bean class name, if still possible,
// if the generator returned the class name plus a suffix.
// This is expected for Spring 1.2/2.0 backwards compatibility.
String beanClassName = beanDefinition.getBeanClassName();
if (beanClassName != null &&
beanName.startsWith(beanClassName) && beanName.length() > beanClassName.length() &&
!this.readerContext.getRegistry().isBeanNameInUse(beanClassName)) {
aliases.add(beanClassName);
}
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Neither XML 'id' nor 'name' specified - " +
"using generated bean name [" + beanName + "]");
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
error(ex.getMessage(), ele);
return null;
}
}
String[] aliasesArray = StringUtils.toStringArray(aliases);
return new BeanDefinitionHolder(beanDefinition, beanName, aliasesArray);
}
return null;
}
可以看到, 在BeanDefinitionHolder中保存了BeanDefinition的定义
OK, 重头戏开始, 最经典的部分出现了, 请看parseBeanDefinitionElement方法
public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(
Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) { this.parseState.push(new BeanEntry(beanName)); String className = null;
if (ele.hasAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
className = ele.getAttribute(CLASS_ATTRIBUTE).trim();
} try {
String parent = null;
if (ele.hasAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE)) {
parent = ele.getAttribute(PARENT_ATTRIBUTE);
}
AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent); parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);
bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT)); parseMetaElements(ele, bd);
parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());
parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides()); parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);
parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);
parseQualifierElements(ele, bd); bd.setResource(this.readerContext.getResource());
bd.setSource(extractSource(ele)); return bd;
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
error("Bean class [" + className + "] not found", ele, ex);
}
catch (NoClassDefFoundError err) {
error("Class that bean class [" + className + "] depends on not found", ele, err);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
error("Unexpected failure during bean definition parsing", ele, ex);
}
finally {
this.parseState.pop();
} return null;
}
在这个方法中, 解析了bean的所有属性, 有最常用的class, scope, lazy-init等等. 并返回一个AbstractBeanDefinition实例. 至于具体怎么解析, 就只能进一步跟踪了, 不过既然到了这一步, 已经明白了它的基本原理, 具体实现就不作介绍
public static AbstractBeanDefinition createBeanDefinition(
String parentName, String className, ClassLoader classLoader) throws ClassNotFoundException { GenericBeanDefinition bd = new GenericBeanDefinition();
bd.setParentName(parentName);
if (className != null) {
if (classLoader != null) {
bd.setBeanClass(ClassUtils.forName(className, classLoader));
}
else {
bd.setBeanClassName(className);
}
}
return bd;
}
这一步将节点解析成BeanDefinitionHolder对象, 再看看如何注册, 回到DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的processBeanDefinition方法
看到对解析到的bdHolder对象又做了decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired操作, 来看看实现
public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(Element ele, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder) {
return decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, definitionHolder, null);
}
decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired
public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(
Element ele, BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinition containingBd) { BeanDefinitionHolder finalDefinition = definitionHolder; // Decorate based on custom attributes first.
NamedNodeMap attributes = ele.getAttributes();
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = attributes.item(i);
finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd);
} // Decorate based on custom nested elements.
NodeList children = ele.getChildNodes();
for (int i = 0; i < children.getLength(); i++) {
Node node = children.item(i);
if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
finalDefinition = decorateIfRequired(node, finalDefinition, containingBd);
}
}
return finalDefinition;
}
这里关键就2行代码,主要是做一些合法性验证,比如 文件头,语法,属性的合法性,由于代码过长不一一解释,代码如下
public BeanDefinitionHolder decorateIfRequired(
Node node, BeanDefinitionHolder originalDef, BeanDefinition containingBd) { String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(node);
if (!isDefaultNamespace(namespaceUri)) {
NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
if (handler != null) {
return handler.decorate(node, originalDef, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
}
else if (namespaceUri != null && namespaceUri.startsWith("http://www.springframework.org/")) {
error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]", node);
}
else {
// A custom namespace, not to be handled by Spring - maybe "xml:...".
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("No Spring NamespaceHandler found for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]");
}
}
}
return originalDef;
}
回到DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReade.processBeanDefinition这个方法 只行完delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);之后
接着调用了BeanDefinitionReaderUtils的registerBeanDefinition方法注册bdHolder, 来看看如何实现的
public static void registerBeanDefinition(
BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { // Register bean definition under primary name.
String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();
registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition()); // Register aliases for bean name, if any.
String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();
if (aliases != null) {
for (String aliase : aliases) {
registry.registerAlias(beanName, aliase);
}
}
}
看吧, 又调用了BeanDefinitionRegistry的registerBeanDefinition方法, 跟踪之 (这个要看DefaultListableBeanFactory的实现)
public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)
throws BeanDefinitionStoreException { Assert.hasText(beanName, "Bean name must not be empty");
Assert.notNull(beanDefinition, "BeanDefinition must not be null"); if (beanDefinition instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
try {
((AbstractBeanDefinition) beanDefinition).validate();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Validation of bean definition failed", ex);
}
} synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
BeanDefinition oldBeanDefinition = this.beanDefinitionMap.get(beanName);
if (oldBeanDefinition != null) {
if (!this.allowBeanDefinitionOverriding) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(beanDefinition.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Cannot register bean definition [" + beanDefinition + "] for bean '" + beanName +
"': There is already [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] bound.");
}
else if (oldBeanDefinition.getRole() < beanDefinition.getRole()) {
// e.g. was ROLE_APPLICATION, now overriding with ROLE_SUPPORT or ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE
if (this.logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
this.logger.warn("Overriding user-defined bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
" with a framework-generated bean definition ': replacing [" +
oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
else {
if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
this.logger.info("Overriding bean definition for bean '" + beanName +
"': replacing [" + oldBeanDefinition + "] with [" + beanDefinition + "]");
}
}
}
else {
this.beanDefinitionNames.add(beanName);
this.frozenBeanDefinitionNames = null;
}
this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);
} resetBeanDefinition(beanName);
}
这里, 看到了一个最最重要的对象就是beanDefinitionMap, 这个map存放了所有的bean对象, 和我们通常讲的容器概念最为接近, getBean时实际是也是从这里领取对象, 相同的还有一个beanDefinitionNames, 但这个只保存bean的名称
完成上面之后, 还有一步操作beanFactory.registerAlias(beanName, aliases[i]);
这个实现实际是上AbstractBeanFactory抽象类所定义的
是不是特兴奋, 已经揭开它神秘的面纱了
定义 -> 定位 -> 装载 -> 注册 这几步已经完成了, 以后继续看Spring是如何创建bean及实例化的
多数内容来自:http://leayer.iteye.com/blog/806016