[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

2023-07-25 12:32:34

https://github.com/lannyMa/django-uwsgi-nginx.git

单机调试启动-确保项目代码没问题

- 克隆代码进入项目

git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial.git

cd django-blog-tutorial

- 创建并进入虚拟环境

pip install virtualenv

virtualenv blogproject_env

- 如果需要mysql-devel

yum install -y python-devel mysql-devel

pip install MySQL-python

- 安装项目依赖

pip install -r requirements.txt

- 同步数据库,创建超级管理员

python manage.py migrate

python manage.py createsuperuser

- 运行

python manage.py runserver

- 访问

http://127.0.0.1:8000

http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

代码没问题后,考虑部署到生产

生产部署-nginx+uwsgi+django10

部署详情说明

docker镜像(baseimage+code)代码我放到镜像里了,直接run镜像就可以跑起来直接访问了. 先快速跑一下吧.

docekr pull lanny/blog-uwsgi-py3-django1.10

docker run -d -p 8080:80 lanny/blog-uwsgi-py3-django1.10

http://x:8080 来访问,已测过没问题

探究下怎么制作docker镜像

  • 先搞清楚nginx+uwsgi+django物理机上是怎么配合工作的,确保手动一步步启动完成没问题,然后再做镜像
- nginx启动 /usr/sbin/nginx

看下nginx.conf配置

    # Django media

    location /media  {

        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required

    }

    location /static {

        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.

    location / {

        uwsgi_pass  django;

        include     /home/docker/code/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed

    }

- 原来nginx把归py处理的uwsgi_pass发给了django的uwsgi,uwsgi用uwsgi_params解析

uwsgi.ini配置文件

[base]

chdir = %dapp/

module=blogproject.wsgi:application

chmod-socket=666

- uwsgi启动

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/docker/code/uwsgi.ini  #启动后会监听端口供与nginx通信

- 文末附录有nginx与wsgi通信原理介绍.

搞清楚了这些后,更近一步着手制作uwsgi+django的docker镜像.

定制属于自己项目的docker镜像

参考地址:这里有python2 和python3版本的环境.可以满足日常需求了.

https://hub.docker.com/r/dockerfiles/django-uwsgi-nginx/

https://github.com/dockerfiles/django-uwsgi-nginx

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

完整的dockerfile和相关配置的关键部分如下

- dockerfile

FROM ubuntu:16.04

MAINTAINER Dockerfiles

# Install required packages and remove the apt packages cache when done.

RUN apt-get update && \

    apt-get upgrade -y && \

    apt-get install -y \

    git \

    python3 \

    python3-dev \

    python3-setuptools \

    python3-pip \

    python3-dev \

    libmysqlclient-dev \

    nginx \

    supervisor \

    sqlite3 && \

    pip3 install -U pip setuptools && \

   rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

# install uwsgi now because it takes a little while

RUN pip3 install uwsgi

# setup all the configfiles

RUN echo "daemon off;" >> /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

COPY nginx-app.conf /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

COPY supervisor-app.conf /etc/supervisor/conf.d/

# COPY requirements.txt and RUN pip install BEFORE adding the rest of your code, this will cause Docker's caching mechanism

# to prevent re-installing (all your) dependencies when you made a change a line or two in your app.

COPY app/requirements.txt /home/docker/code/app/

RUN pip3 install -r /home/docker/code/app/requirements.txt

# add (the rest of) our code

COPY . /home/docker/code/

RUN git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial-deploy.git tmp && \

    mv tmp/* /home/docker/code/app/ && \

    rm -rf tmp

# install django, normally you would remove this step because your project would already

# be installed in the code/app/ directory

#RUN django-admin.py startproject website /home/docker/code/app/

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["supervisord", "-n"]

- supervisor配置

[program:app-uwsgi]

command = /usr/local/bin/uwsgi --ini /home/docker/code/uwsgi.ini

[program:nginx-app]

command = /usr/sbin/nginx

uwsgi.ini配置文件

[base]

chdir = %dapp/

module=blogproject.wsgi:application

chmod-socket=666
  • 修改上面docekrfile的这部分为自己的git项目地址

    [py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

    即可修改:
Dockerfile

RUN git clone https://github.com/lannyMa/django-blog-tutorial-deploy.git tmp && \

    mv tmp/* /home/docker/code/app/ && \

    rm -rf tmp
  • 修改项目settings.py为

    [py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10 
settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
  • 修改nginx-app.conf的(django项目)static路径.

    [py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10 
nginx.conf

    location /media  {

        alias /home/docker/persistent/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required

    }

    location /static {

        alias /home/docker/volatile/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

    }

等这一切修改完成后,开始构建镜像

  • 构建docker镜像并运行
docker build -t webapp .

docker run -d -p 80:80 webapp

- 运行后访问即可

docker run -d -p 8080:80 webapp

遇到的问题

界面乱码,css未加载成功

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

解决: 修改nginx配置为自己项目static的地址

    location /media  {

        alias /home/docker/persistent/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required

    }

    location /static {

        alias /home/docker/volatile/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

    }

不允许访问,权限拒绝

解决: 修改settings.py

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['写自己服务器的ip即可']

uwsgi启动失败,扫描不到项目

修改uwsgi.ini

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

修改为自己项目的地址,

module=blogproject.wsgi:application

这里uwsgi调用的是项目的这个

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

nginx调用uwsgi.ini

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

nginx-app.conf

# nginx-app.conf

# the upstream component nginx needs to connect to

upstream django {

    server unix:/home/docker/code/app.sock; # for a file socket

    # server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)

}

# configuration of the server

server {

    # the port your site will be served on, default_server indicates that this server block

    # is the block to use if no blocks match the server_name

    listen      80 default_server;

    # the domain name it will serve for

    server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN

    charset     utf-8;

    # max upload size

    client_max_body_size 75M;   # adjust to taste

    # Django media

    location /media  {

        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required

    }

    location /static {

        alias /home/docker/code/app/blog/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required

    }

    # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server.

    location / {

        uwsgi_pass  django;

        include     /home/docker/code/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed

    }

}

uwsgi.ini

[uwsgi]

# this config will be loaded if nothing specific is specified

# load base config from below

ini = :base

# %d is the dir this configuration file is in

socket = %dapp.sock

master = true

processes = 4

[dev]

ini = :base

# socket (uwsgi) is not the same as http, nor http-socket

socket = :8001

[local]

ini = :base

http = :8000

# set the virtual env to use

home=/Users/you/envs/env

[base]

chdir = %dapp/

module=blogproject.wsgi:application

chmod-socket=666

附: 什么是wsgi,和django/flask有什么关系

图解CGI、FastCGI和PHP-FPM关系图解

the web client <-> the web server(nginx) <-> the socket <-> uwsgi <-> Django

gunicorn vs uwsgi是两种不同的appserver

gunicorn vs uwsgi: http://fatelei.github.io/2015/07/05/Gunicorn-vs-uwsgi/

uwsgi在高并发下比gunicorn有更好的吞吐量和更少的错误数

参考

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

参考

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

参考

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

[py]django上线部署-uwsgi+nginx+py3/django1.10

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