原文地址：http://www.latexstudio.net/archives/9788.html
摘要: 本文比较系统地介绍了在Ubuntu下的TeXLive的安装与配置测试过程，建议使用Ubuntu的重度LaTeX用户可以看看该文章，另外，文章中也解决了乌班图安装TeXLive并更新问题。 TeXLive在CTAN最新版本下载地址
https://www.tug.org/texlive/acquire-iso.html
该页面下有texlive最新版本ISO种子问题下载链接。
https://www.tug.org/texlive/files/texlive2016.iso.torrent
TeXLive在国内下载源很多，现仅以清华大学和阿里云为例。
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/#
找到常用发行版 iso 和应用工具安装包直接下载，点击应用软件，TeXLive2016下载链接如下
https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/texlive2016-20160523.iso
阿里云下载链接：
http://mirrors.aliyun.com/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/
选择对应版本下载即可。 下载可以使用wget下载，也可以在Windows上面将ISO文件复制到系统目录。 下载完成就可以挂载ISO镜像。 CTAN官方网站ISO挂载教程如下。
mount -t iso9660 -o ro,loop,noauto /yourISOFileDictory/texlive.iso /mnt
笔者挂载记录如下：
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mount -o loop texlive2016.iso /mnt/
mount: /home/dell/texlive2016.iso is already mounted
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /mnt/
archive install-tl LICENSE.CTAN readme-html.dir release-texlive.txt tlpkg
autorun.inf install-tl-advanced.bat LICENSE.TL readme-txt.dir source tl-tray-menu.exe
index.html install-tl-windows.bat README README.usergroups texlive-doc
dell@DELL-Server:~$
安装命令
dell@DELL-Server:~$ cd /mnt/
dell@DELL-Server:/mnt$ sudo ./install-tl --gui
该命令可以在图形化界面下安装。
安装过程和完成截图如下。
安装界面有很多安装选项，无特殊要求直接点击安装texlive，等待安装过程完成。 完成安装后，卸载镜像。
sudo umount /mnt
也可以将ISO解压后复制到Linux系统。复制文件方法这里不再赘述。 增加环境变量。
# TeX Live 2016
#命令可以直接复制运行，每次运行一条命令
export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/man
export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/info
#64位系统
export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-linux
具体安装路径请以安装时选择目录为准。 本机运行结果如下：
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveMANPATH=/urs/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLiveINFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ export TeXLivePATH=/usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveMANPATH
/urs/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/man
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLiveINFOPATH
/usr/local/texlive/2016/texmf-dist/doc/info
dell@DELL-Server:~$ echo $TeXLivePATH
/usr/local/texlive/2016/bin/x86_64-linux
dell@DELL-Server:~$
建议安装前将Windows字体复制到Linux，复制字体方法和复制ISO解压后文件方法一样，等待字体安装完成后再安装texlive。 在Linux系统字体目录下创建winfonts文件夹（可选项），前提是已复制字体到Linux主机。
#创建Windows字体文件目录，目录名称可自定义
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts
#查看目录
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/
cmap opentype truetype type1 WindowsFonts X11
复制字体到winfonts文件夹。
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo cp /home/dell/Fonts/* /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/
#查看字体复制情况
dell@DELL-Server:~$ ls /usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts/
安装字体命令。
dell@DELL-Server:mkfontscale
dell@DELL-Server:mkfontdir
dell@DELL-Server:sudo fc-cache -fv
dell@DELL-Server:~$ sudo fc-cache -fsv
/usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/WindowsFonts: caching, new cache contents: 1188 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/Type1: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings/large: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/misc: caching, new cache contents: 59 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/X11/util: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-cns1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-gb1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-japan2: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/cmap/adobe-korea1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/mondulkiri: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 36 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/opendyslexic: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix: caching, new cache contents: 29 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/opentype/stix-word: caching, new cache contents: 5 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/abyssinica: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ancient-scripts: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/arphic: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/capture-it-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/croscore: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/daniel-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/dejavu: caching, new cache contents: 21 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-guru-extra: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/freefont: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/hvd-bodedo-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/jenna-sue-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst: caching, new cache contents: 15 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/kacst-one: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lao: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lato: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/liberation: caching, new cache contents: 16 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/limelight-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lobster-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/lohit-punjabi: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/nanum: caching, new cache contents: 8 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/noto: caching, new cache contents: 175 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/open-sans-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/openoffice: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/operating-instructions-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/padauk: caching, new cache contents: 4 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/plainblack-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 6 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/raleway-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 9 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/redacted-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto/hinted: caching, new cache contents: 18 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto-mono-elementary: caching, new cache contents: 10 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/sinhala: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-gothic: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/takao-mincho: caching, new cache contents: 3 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/*-machine: caching, new cache contents: 1 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/tlwg: caching, new cache contents: 58 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-khmeros-core: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/ubuntu-font-family: caching, new cache contents: 13 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/truetype/unfonts-core: caching, new cache contents: 12 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/usr/share/fonts/type1/gsfonts: caching, new cache contents: 35 fonts, 0 dirs
/usr/local/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 0 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 6 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 4 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/X11/encodings: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/cmap: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/opentype: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 5 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype: caching, new cache contents: 2 fonts, 38 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/truetype/roboto: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
Re-scanning /usr/share/fonts/type1: caching, new cache contents: 0 fonts, 1 dirs
/var/cache/fontconfig: cleaning cache directory
fc-cache: succeeded
dell@DELL-Server:~$
Ubuntu网络安装TeXLive比较简单，只需要执行一条命令并等待安装完成。 首先要安装基础依赖软件。
sudo apt-get install libdigest-perl-md5-perl perl-tk
sudo apt install texlive-full
但该方法安装存在一个弊端，即不能更新宏包（包括所有Debian和Ubuntu发行版本）。 当我们执行命令
tlmgr update -all
我们可以使用 时会有报错。报错信息如下：
jiangjuan@OptiPlex-390:~$ tlmgr update --all
(running on Debian, switching to user mode!)
cannot setup TLPDB in /home/jiangjuan/texmf at /usr/bin/tlmgr line 5604.
其他tlmgr命令也无效。所以我们需要其他方法安装TeXLive。下文将加以介绍。 所有宏包均是打包时老版本，部分软件包会在Ubuntu 安装源发布后更新，本方法可以解决安装源太旧问题。 首先，执行命令：
sudo apt install git
安装git客户端,克隆代码到本地。git完成后如下图。 install-tl-ubuntuGitHub地址。 https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu . 下面是重要环节，git 同步 install-tl-ubuntu代码，并安装。代码如下：
git clone https://github.com/scottkosty/install-tl-ubuntu.git cd cd install-tl-ubuntu chmod +x ./install-tl-ubuntu sudo ./install-tl-ubuntu
等待程序自动选择安装源并自动安装，大功告成。 提示：该方法需要全网络极为稳定，否则可能会出现断线重新安装。 安装完成后，检查安装情况，可以执行命令。
xelatex -version
程序安装完成后，开始菜单会增加一个选项--TeXLive Package Manager，通过该软件可以完成宏包更新和管理等操作。 图片是在Windows 环境下面执行结果，可能与Ubuntu执行结果略有差异。 示例代码如下，
\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{ctex}
%\usepackage{ctex}%(PDF)LaTeX编译方式请选择此行，注释上一行代码
\begin{document}
你好，中国。
勾股定律
$$a^2+b^2=c^2$$
Happy TeXing.
\end{document}
将代码保存至/home/dell/文档/tex/Hello目录下，该目录是笔者电脑目录，可根据实际情况选择保存目录。
/home/dell/文档/tex/Hello/hello.tex
编译文件，
#切换到tex源文件目录
cd /home/dell/文档/Hello/
#xelatex命令编译文件，可选其他选项
xelatex hello.tex
等待编译完成。