听着张孝祥老师关于缓冲区知识的课,发现还是有一些没有掌握,动手试了一下,果然发现了问题。
先讲一下关于java缓冲区的知识,应用程序和IO设备之间存在一个缓冲区,一般流是没有缓冲区的,但是如果存在缓冲区,就会发现很大的问题。
错误代码如下:为了确保问题发生,我使用了BufferedOutputStream,使得手动构造出了一个缓冲区。
- import java.io.*;
-
public class Test {
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
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DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(
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new BufferedOutputStream(
-
new FileOutputStream("1.txt")));
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out.writeChars("hello");
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FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("1.txt");
-
int len = in.available();
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byte[] b = new byte[len];
-
int actlen = in.read(b);
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String str = new String(b);
- System.out.println(str);
-
- }
- }
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发现什么问题了吗?
因为如果没有缓冲区,应用程序每次IO都要和设备进行通信,效率很低,因此缓冲区为了提高效率,当写入设备时,先写入缓冲区,等到缓冲区有足够多的数据时,就整体写入设备。这就是问题所在,上个例子中,当我们写入hello时,由于hello占用空间很小,所以暂时存放在缓冲区中,后来输入流想要从文件中读取,但是由于文件中没有字节,所以不能读取hello。
这里,解决方法很简单,只要调用out.flush() 或者out.close()即可,这是把缓冲区的数据手动写入文件。
正确代码如下:
- import java.io.*;
-
public class Test {
-
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
-
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(
-
new BufferedOutputStream(
-
new FileOutputStream("1.txt")));
-
out.writeChars("hello");
-
out.close();//inserted
-
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream("1.txt");
-
int len = in.available();
-
byte[] b = new byte[len];
-
int actlen = in.read(b);
-
String str = new String(b);
- System.out.println(str);
-
- }
- }
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接下来又是我遇到的一个例子,这个例子也很明显的反应出缓冲区的问题。
- import java.io.BufferedReader;
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import java.io.FileReader;
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import java.io.FileWriter;
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import java.io.IOException;
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import java.io.PrintWriter;
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import java.util.Calendar;
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import java.util.Date;
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import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
-
import java.util.Scanner;
-
import java.util.StringTokenizer;
-
-
public class StringTokenizerTest {
-
-
public static void main(String[] args) {
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Employee[] e = new Employee[3];
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e[0] = new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
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e[1] = new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);
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e[2] = new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15);
-
try {
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PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("1.txt"));
- writeData(e, out);
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// out.close();**********************************************************************
-
} catch (Exception e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
-
System.out.println("*******是否要读取数据?********");
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Scanner in1 = new Scanner(System.in);
- String yes = in1.nextLine();
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if (yes.equalsIgnoreCase("YES")) {
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try {
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BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("1.txt"));
- Employee[] result = readData(in);
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for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++)
- System.out.println(result[i]);
- in.close();
-
} catch (Exception e2) {
- e2.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- }
-
-
public static Employee[] readData(BufferedReader in) throws IOException {
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int length = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
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Employee[] e = new Employee[length];
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for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
- String line = in.readLine();
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StringTokenizer token = new StringTokenizer(line, "|");
- String name = token.nextToken();
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double salary = Double.parseDouble(token.nextToken());
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int year = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());
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int month = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());
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int day = Integer.parseInt(token.nextToken());
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e[i] = new Employee(name, salary, year, month, day);
- }
-
return e;
- }
-
-
public static void writeData(Employee[] e, PrintWriter out) {
- out.println(e.length);
-
for (int i = 0; i < e.length; i++) {
- String name = e[i].getName();
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double salary = e[i].getSalary();
- Date date = e[i].getHireDay();
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Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar();
- c.setTime(date);
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int year = c.get(Calendar.YEAR);
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int month = c.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
-
int day = c.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
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out.println(name + "|" + salary + "|" + year + "|" + month + "|"
- + day);
-
- }
-
System.out.println("********写入数据完毕********");
- }
-
- }
-
-
class Employee {
-
public Employee(String n, double s, int year, int month, int day) {
- name = n;
- salary = s;
-
GregorianCalendar calendar = new GregorianCalendar(year, month - 1, day);
- hireDay = calendar.getTime();
- }
-
-
public String getName() {
-
return name;
- }
-
-
public double getSalary() {
-
return salary;
- }
-
-
public Date getHireDay() {
-
return hireDay;
- }
-
-
public void raiseSalary(double byPercent) {
-
double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
- salary += raise;
- }
-
-
public String toString() {
-
return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary
-
+ ",hireDay=" + hireDay + "]";
- }
-
-
private String name;
-
-
private double salary;
-
-
private Date hireDay;
- }
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结果是没有向文件写入任何数据,为什么呢?
唯一的错误就在main方法中没有调用out.close(),把数据从缓冲区刷新到文件。因此用完资源即时关闭是很重要的。
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