react脚手架
用来帮助程序员快速创建一个基于xxx库的模板项目,包含了所有需要的配置,指定好了所有的依赖,可以直接安装/编译/运行一个简单效果
react提供了一个专门用于创建react项目的脚手架库: create-react-app
项目的整体技术架构为: react + webpack + es6 + babel + eslint
使用脚手架开发的项目的特点: 模块化(js是一个一个模块编写的), 组件化(界面是由多个组件组合编写实现的), 工程化(实现了自动构建/运行/打包的项目)
使用react脚手架创建项目并启动
下载脚手架:npm install -g create-react-app
创建项目:create-react-app react-app
进入项目目录:cd react-app
启动项目:npm start
react脚手架创建项目目录结构
node_modules-------第三方依赖模块文件夹
public
| -- index.html------------------------主页面
src:
.gitignore-------git版本管制忽略的配置
package.jos-------应用包配置文件
README.md-------应用描述说明的readme文件
基于脚手架项目编写应用案例
实现如下的效果
使用脚手架创建项目
拆分组件
应用组件: App------state: comments/array
添加评论组件: comment-add-------state: username/string, content/string props: add/func
评论列表组件: comment-list-------- props: comment/object, delete/func, index/number
评论项组件: comment-item-------- props: comments/array, delete/func
上面是拆分的每个组件,并且将页面组件在App.js中引入
实现静态组件并且实现动态组件(组件动态化,也就是添加数据交互)
App.js中引入comment组件
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import './App.css'; import Comment from './views/comment/comment' class App extends Component { render() { return ( <div className="App"> <Comment/> </div> ); } } export default App;
comment组件
组件中引入comment-add和comment-list组件
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import './comment.css'; import CommentAdd from './comment-add/comment-add' import CommentList from './comment-list/comment-list' class Comment extends Component { // 给组建对象指定state属性,可以不用constructor state = { comments: [ {username: 'Tom', content: '一个虚拟DOM(元素)是一个一般的js对象, 准确的说是一个对象树(倒立的)'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '虚拟DOM保存了真实DOM的层次关系和一些基本属性,与真实DOM一一对应'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '用JS对象树表示DOM树的结构;然后用这个树构建一个真正的DOM树插到文档当中'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '这里render不断在执行更新date数据,但是input是不会更新的'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '拆分组件: 拆分界面,抽取组件,实现静态组件: 使用组件实现静态页面效果'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '数据保存在哪个组件,如果是这个数据只是某个组件需要用到,那么就放在该组件,如果有两个组件需要用到'}, {username: 'Jack', content: '子组件改变父组件的状态(状态在哪个组件,更新状态的行为就应该定义在哪个组件,父组件定义函数,传给子组件调用)'} ] } // 给comment-add组件调用的添加评论的方法 addComment = (comment) => { const {comments} = this.state comments.unshift(comment) this.setState({comments}) // 更新状态 } // 给comment-item组件调用的删除评论的方法(这里先把这个方法传个comment-list组件,再由comment-list传给comment-item) deleteComment = (index) => { const {comments} = this.state comments.splice(index, 1) this.setState({comments}) // 更新状态 } render() { const {comments} = this.state return ( <div className="comment"> <h1 className='comment-title'>请发表对React的评论</h1> <div className='comment-main'> <div className='comment-content-left'> <CommentAdd addComment={this.addComment}/> </div> <div className='comment-content-right'> {/*<CommentList comments={comments}/>*/} <CommentList comments={comments} deleteComment={this.deleteComment}/> </div> </div> </div> ); } } export default Comment;
.comment-list-title{ font-size: 30px; height: 59px; border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc; } .comment-list-content{ min-height: 20px; max-height: 419px; overflow-y: auto; padding: 10px 0; box-sizing: border-box; } .no-comment-list{ color: #FF4A16; }
comment-add组件
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import './comment-add.css'; import propTypes from 'prop-types' class CommentAdd extends Component { static propTypes = { addComment: propTypes.func.isRequired } state = { username: '', content: '' } // 一个事件需要使用bind绑定this,太麻烦,而已使用箭头函数(里面没有this,使用外围的this) handleSubmit = () => { // 收集表单数据 const comment = this.state // 更新状态 this.props.addComment(comment) // 清除输入框的数据 this.setState({ username: '', content: '' }) } handleNameChange = (event) => { const username = event.target.value this.setState({username: username}) } handleContentChange = (event) => { const content = event.target.value this.setState({content: content}) } render() { const {username, content} = this.state return ( <div className="comment-add"> <div className='user-name-content'> <h5 className='user-name-title'>用户名</h5> <input className='user-name-input' type='text' value={username} onChange={this.handleNameChange}/> </div> <div className='comment-content'> <h5 className='comment-content-title'>评论内容</h5> <textarea className='comment-content-input' type='text' value={content} onChange={this.handleContentChange}/> </div> <div className='submit-btn' onClick={this.handleSubmit}>提交</div> </div> ); } } export default CommentAdd;
.comment-add{ width: 100%; } .user-name-content,.comment-content{ width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; } .user-name-title,.comment-content-title{ margin-bottom: 5px; font-size: 20px; color: #000000; } .user-name-input{ width: 100%; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; padding: 0 6px; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; outline: none; border: 1px solid #cccccc; } .comment-content-input{ width: 100%; height: 240px; padding: 4px; box-sizing: border-box; border-radius: 4px; outline: none; border: 1px solid #cccccc; } .submit-btn{ width: 70px; height: 30px; text-align: center; line-height: 30px; font-size: 16px; color: black; border: 1px solid #cccccc; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; margin: 0 auto; }
comment-list组件
组件中引入comment-item组件
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import PropTypes from 'prop-types' import './comment-list.css'; import CommentItem from '../comment-item/comment-item' class CommentList extends Component { // 子组件类指定接收数据的属性 static propTypes = { comments: PropTypes.array.isRequired, deleteComment: PropTypes.func.isRequired } render() { const {comments, deleteComment} = this.props const display = comments.length === 0? 'block' : 'none' return ( <div className="comment-list"> <h2 className='comment-list-title'>评论回复</h2> <div className='comment-list-content'> {comments.map((comment, index) => <CommentItem comment={comment} index={index} key={index} deleteComment={deleteComment} />)} </div> <div className='no-comment-list' style={{display}}>暂无评论,在左侧添加您对React的评价!!!</div> </div> ); } } export default CommentList;
.comment-list-title{ font-size: 30px; height: 59px; border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc; } .comment-list-content{ min-height: 20px; max-height: 419px; overflow-y: auto; padding: 10px 0; box-sizing: border-box; } .no-comment-list{ color: #FF4A16; }
comment-item组件
import React, { Component } from 'react'; import './comment-item.css'; import PropTypes from "prop-types"; class CommentItem extends Component { // 子组件类指定接收数据的属性 static propTypes = { comment: PropTypes.object.isRequired, index: PropTypes.number.isRequired, deleteComment: PropTypes.func.isRequired } handleDelete = () => { const {comment, index, deleteComment} = this.props // 提示 if (window.confirm(`确定删除${comment.username}的评论吗`)) { // confirm方法不是全局的,需要用window来调用 // 确定后删除 deleteComment(index) } } render() { const {comment} = this.props return ( <div className="comment-item"> <div className='comment-item-top'> <h3 className='comment-item-user'>{comment.username}说:</h3> <div className='comment-item-delete'><p onClick={this.handleDelete}>删除</p></div> </div> <div className='comment-item-content'>{comment.content}</div> </div> ); } } export default CommentItem;
.comment-item{ width: 100%; border: 1px solid #cccccc; border-radius: 4px; min-height: 20px; padding: 0 10px; box-sizing: border-box; margin-bottom: 20px; } .comment-item-top{ height: 40px; width: 100%; display: flex; } .comment-item-user{ flex:; height: 40px; line-height: 40px; } .comment-item-delete{ width: 80px; height: 40px; } .comment-item-delete p{ width: 50px; height: 20px; border: 1px solid #cccccc; text-align: center; line-height: 20px; border-radius: 4px; cursor: pointer; margin: 10px auto 0; font-size: 12px; color: #0a25ff; } .comment-item-content{ width: 100%; min-height: 20px; padding: 10px 0; box-sizing: border-box; }