对于学习Android开发的小童鞋对于自定义View一定不会陌生,相信大家对它是又爱又恨,爱它可以跟随我们的心意设计出漂亮的效果;恨它想要完全流畅掌握,需要一定的功夫。对于初学者来说确实很不容易,网上有很多相关的博客文档之类的资料,但是往往对于初学者,只知拷贝修改,不理解其中的深意,最后还是无法更具自己的需要,进行自定义的开发,本篇我们就一同来了解下自定义View的神秘面纱。
开发自定义控件的步骤:
/**
* 当实现自定义View时,需要重写它的三个构造方法
*/
public class MySelfView extends View{ private String mtext;//文本内容
private int msrc;//图片系统内地址 public MySelfView(Context context) {
this(context, null, 0);
} public MySelfView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
} public MySelfView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init(context, attrs);
} //初始化操作
private void init(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
int textId = attrs.getAttributeResourceValue(null, "Text", 0);
int srcId = attrs.getAttributeResourceValue(null, "Src", 0);
mtext = context.getResources().getText(textId).toString();
msrc = srcId;
} @Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {//canvas:画板对象
super.onDraw(canvas);
Paint paint = new Paint();//画笔对象
paint.setColor(Color.BLUE);//设置画笔的颜色
InputStream is = getResources().openRawResource(msrc);
Bitmap mBitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(is);
int bh = mBitmap.getHeight();//获取图片的高
int bw = mBitmap.getWidth();//获取图片的宽
canvas.drawBitmap(mBitmap, 100, 100, paint);//绘制图片
canvas.drawCircle(50, 50, 50, paint);//绘制图形
canvas.drawText(mtext, bw/2, 30, paint);//绘制文字
} }
布局文件:
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical"
tools:context="${relativePackage}.${activityClass}" > <com.example.myselfview.view.MySelfView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
Text="@string/hello_world"
Src="@drawable/ic_launcher" /> </LinearLayout>
属性Text, Src在自定义View类的构造方法中读取。
最终的显示效果:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources> <attr name="TitleText" format="string" />
<attr name="TitleColor" format="color" />
<attr name="TitleSize" format="dimension" /> <declare-styleable name="CustomTitleView">
<attr name="TitleText" />
<attr name="TitleColor" />
<attr name="TitleSize" />
</declare-styleable> </resources>
我们定义了字体,字体颜色,字体大小3个属性,format是值该属性的取值类型:一共有:string,color,demension,integer,enum,reference,float,boolean,fraction,flag;不清楚的可以google一把。
2、在View的构造方法中,获得我们的自定义的样式
public class MySelfViewRandomNumber extends View{ /**
* 文本
*/
private String mTitleText;
/**
* 文本的颜色
*/
private int mTitleTextColor;
/**
* 文本的大小
*/
private int mTitleTextSize; /**
* 绘制时控制文本绘制的范围
*/
private Rect mBound;//设置文本绘制的范围
private Paint mPaint;//画笔对象 public MySelfViewRandomNumber(Context context) {
this(context, null, 0);
} public MySelfViewRandomNumber(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
this(context, attrs, 0);
} public MySelfViewRandomNumber(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
/**
* 获得我们所定义的自定义样式属性
*/
TypedArray typedArray = context.getTheme().obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CustomTitleView, defStyleAttr, 0);
int n = typedArray.getIndexCount();
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int attr = typedArray.getIndex(i);
switch (attr) {
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_TitleText:
mTitleText = typedArray.getString(attr);
break;
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_TitleColor:
// 默认颜色设置为黑色
mTitleTextColor = typedArray.getColor(attr, Color.BLACK);
break;
case R.styleable.CustomTitleView_TitleSize:
// 默认设置为16sp,TypeValue也可以把sp转化为px
mTitleTextSize = typedArray.getDimensionPixelSize(attr, (int) TypedValue.applyDimension(
TypedValue.COMPLEX_UNIT_SP, 16, getResources().getDisplayMetrics()));
break;
} }
typedArray.recycle(); /**
* 获得绘制文本的宽和高
*/
mPaint = new Paint();
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
mBound = new Rect();
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound); //添加点击事件
this.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override
public void onClick(View v) {
mTitleText = randomText();
postInvalidate();//更新View视图
} });
} //生成随机数
private String randomText() {
Random random = new Random();
Set<Integer> set = new HashSet<Integer>();
while (set.size() < 4) {
int randomInt = random.nextInt(10);
set.add(randomInt);
}
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (Integer i : set) {
sb.append("" + i);
} return sb.toString();
} @Override
//获得并设置控件的宽和高
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int width;
int height;
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
width = widthSize;
} else {
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textWidth = mBound.width();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
width = desired;
} if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY) {
height = heightSize;
} else {
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitleText, 0, mTitleText.length(), mBound);
float textHeight = mBound.height();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());
height = desired;
} setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
} @Override
//绘制控件
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
mPaint.setColor(Color.YELLOW);
canvas.drawRect(0, 0, getMeasuredWidth(), getMeasuredHeight(), mPaint); mPaint.setColor(mTitleTextColor);
canvas.drawText(mTitleText, getWidth() / 2 - mBound.width() / 2, getHeight() / 2 + mBound.height() / 2, mPaint);
} }
我们重写了3个构造方法,默认的布局文件调用的是两个参数的构造方法,所以记得让所有的构造调用我们的三个参数的构造,我们在三个参数的构造中获得自定义属性。
系统帮我们测量的高度和宽度都是MATCH_PARNET,当我们设置明确的宽度和高度时,系统帮我们测量的结果就是我们设置的结果,当我们设置为WRAP_CONTENT,或者MATCH_PARENT系统帮我们测量的结果就是MATCH_PARENT的长度。
所以,当设置了WRAP_CONTENT时,我们需要自己进行测量,即重写onMesure方法”:
重写之前先了解MeasureSpec的specMode,一共三种类型:
EXACTLY:一般是设置了明确的值或者是MATCH_PARENT
AT_MOST:表示子布局限制在一个最大值内,一般为WARP_CONTENT
UNSPECIFIED:表示子布局想要多大就多大,很少使用
下面是我们重写onMeasure代码:
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)
{
int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);
int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);
int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);
int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);
int width;
int height ;
if (widthMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
{
width = widthSize;
} else
{
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
float textWidth = mBounds.width();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingLeft() + textWidth + getPaddingRight());
width = desired;
} if (heightMode == MeasureSpec.EXACTLY)
{
height = heightSize;
} else
{
mPaint.setTextSize(mTitleTextSize);
mPaint.getTextBounds(mTitle, 0, mTitle.length(), mBounds);
float textHeight = mBounds.height();
int desired = (int) (getPaddingTop() + textHeight + getPaddingBottom());
height = desired;
} setMeasuredDimension(width, height);
}
2、然后在布局中声明我们的自定义View
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.myselfview"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" > <com.example.myselfview.view.MySelfViewRandomNumber
android:id="@+id/text"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:padding="10dp"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
custom:TitleText="3254"
custom:TitleColor="#ff0000"
custom:TitleSize="16sp"/> </RelativeLayout>
一定要引入 xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.example.customview01"我们的命名空间,后面的包路径指的是项目的package
附上我们的运行效果图:
关于自定义View的设计与学习就先总结到这里,本篇仅仅为了入门了解,对于自定义View还有很多的知识需要学习,希望在接下来的时间,大家多多交流,相互学习。