简介
xlrd,xlwt和xlutils是用Python处理Excel文档(*.xls)的高效率工具。其中,xlrd只能读取xls,xlwt只能新建xls(不可以修改),xlutils能将xlrd.Book转为xlwt.Workbook,从而得以在现有xls的基础上修改数据,并创建一个新的xls,实现修改。
(以下属性或方法并非全部,需要更多属性请参看文档;建议先参考文末Demo,再深入了解)
xlrd
Book(class) 由xlrd.open_work("example.xls")返回
nsheets: sheets数
sheet_names: sheet名称列表
sheets: sheet列表
sheet_by_index(sheetx): 按序号提取sheet
sheet_by_name(sheet_name): 按名称提取sheet
Sheet(class) 由Book object相关方法返回
name: sheet名
nrows: 行数
ncols: 列数
cell(rowx,colx): 第rows行colx列的单元格
cell_type(rowx,colx): 数据类型
cell_value(rows,colx): 数值
col(colx): 第colx列所有单元格组成的列表
col_slice(colx,start_rowx=0,end_rowx=None): 第colx列指定单元格组成的列表
col_types(colx,start_rowx=0,end_rowx=None): 第colx列指定单元格数值类型组成的列表
col_values(colx,start_rowx=0,end_rowx=None): 第colx列指定单元格数值组成的列表
row同样有col的各项操作,此处略去
Cell(class) 由Sheet object(s)相关方法返回
ctype: 一个int型变量,对应不同的数值类型
value: 单元格的值
xlwt
Workbook(class) 由xlwt.Workbook()返回
encoding: 编码方案
add_sheet(sheet_name): 添加sheet
get_sheet(Sheet_name): 选择sheet
save(file_name): 保存
Worksheet(class) 由Workbook object相关方法返回
write(rows,colx,cell_value,style): 编辑单元格
row(rowx).write(colx,cell_value,style): 编辑行
flush_row_data(): 减少内存压力,flush之前行不可再修改
col(colx),write(rows,cell_value,style): 编辑列
easyxf(function) 创建XFStyle instance,格式控制
expression syntax: (<element>:(<attribute> <value>,)+;)+
<element> - <attribute> - <value>:
(加粗为默认格式,以下所列并非全部)
font - bold - True or False
- colour - {colour}
- italic - True or False
- name - name of the font, Arial
- underline - True or False
alignment - direction - general, lr, rl
- horizontal - general, left, center, right, filled
- vertical - bottom, top, center, justified, distributed
- shrink_to_fit - True or False
bolders - left - an integer width between 0 and 13
- right - an integer width between 0 and 13
- top - an integer width between 0 and 13
- bottom - an integer width between 0 and 13
- diag - an integer width between 0 and 13
- left_colour - {colour}*, automatic colour
- right_colour - {colour}*, automatic colour
- ...
pattern - back_color - {colour}*, automatic colour
- fore_colour - {colour}*, automatic colour
- pattern - none, solid, fine_dots, sparse_dots
{colous}*: black, (dark_)(light_)blue, gold, (dark_)(light_)green, ivory, lavender,
(light_)orange, pink, (dark_)red, rose, violet, white, (dark_)(light_)yellow, ...
xlutils
copy: 将xlrd.Book转为xlwt.Workbook
styles: 读取xlrd.Workbook的每一个单元格的style
display: 简单而安全地呈现xlrd读取的数据
filter: 拆分与整合多个xls文件
margins: 查看表格稀疏程度
save: 序列化xlrd.Book,转存为binary xls或stream
Tips
1. xlrd.open_workbook(fomatting_info=):当formatting_info=Ture,读取workbook并保留格式
2. xlrd.open_workbook(on_demand=): 当on_demand=True,只有被要求时才将worksheet载入内存,读取大文件时使用
3. xlwt.Worksheet.flush_row_data(): 减少内存占用,被刷新的行不能再访问或修改,建议每1000行刷新一次(若列很多当调整)
4. xlwt.Workbook(encoding=): 选择创建的workbook的编码
Demo
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<span style = "font-family: 'courier new', courier;" > import xlrd
import xlwt
from xlutils.copy import copy
# xlrd book = xlrd.open_workbook( "example.xls" , formatting_info = True , on_demand = True )
sheet = book.sheet_by_index( 0 )
cell = sheet.cell( 0 , 0 )
# xlwt workbook = xlwt.Workbook()
workbook.encoding = "utf-8" # Equals to workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding="utf-8")
sheet = workbook.add_sheet( "Sheet1" , cell_overwrite_ok = True )
style = xlwt.easyxf(
"font: name Arial;"
"pattern: pattern solid, fore_colour red;"
)
sheet.write( 0 , 0 , "content of this cell" , style)
sheet.row( 0 ).set_style(style)
workbook.save( "example.xls" )
#xlutils workbook = copy(book)
< / span>
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