大数据技术之Hadoop(HDFS)
第一章 HDFS概述
HDFS组成架构
HDFS文件块大小
第二章 HDFS的Shell操作(开发重点)
1.基本语法
bin/hadoop fs 具体命令 OR bin/hdfs dfs 具体命令
dfs是fs的实现类。
2.命令大全
$ bin/hadoop fs [-appendToFile <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-cat [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-checksum <src> ...]
[-chgrp [-R] GROUP PATH...]
[-chmod [-R] <MODE[,MODE]... | OCTALMODE> PATH...]
[-chown [-R] [OWNER][:[GROUP]] PATH...]
[-copyFromLocal [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-copyToLocal [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-count [-q] <path> ...]
[-cp [-f] [-p] <src> ... <dst>]
[-createSnapshot <snapshotDir> [<snapshotName>]]
[-deleteSnapshot <snapshotDir> <snapshotName>]
[-df [-h] [<path> ...]]
[-du [-s] [-h] <path> ...]
[-expunge]
[-get [-p] [-ignoreCrc] [-crc] <src> ... <localdst>]
[-getfacl [-R] <path>]
[-getmerge [-nl] <src> <localdst>]
[-help [cmd ...]]
[-ls [-d] [-h] [-R] [<path> ...]]
[-mkdir [-p] <path> ...]
[-moveFromLocal <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-moveToLocal <src> <localdst>]
[-mv <src> ... <dst>]
[-put [-f] [-p] <localsrc> ... <dst>]
[-renameSnapshot <snapshotDir> <oldName> <newName>]
[-rm [-f] [-r|-R] [-skipTrash] <src> ...]
[-rmdir [--ignore-fail-on-non-empty] <dir> ...]
[-setfacl [-R] [{-b|-k} {-m|-x <acl_spec>} <path>]|[--set <acl_spec> <path>]]
[-setrep [-R] [-w] <rep> <path> ...]
[-stat [format] <path> ...]
[-tail [-f] <file>]
[-test -[defsz] <path>]
[-text [-ignoreCrc] <src> ...]
[-touchz <path> ...]
[-usage [cmd ...]]
3.常用命令实操
(0)启动Hadoop集群(方便后续的测试)
$ sbin/start-dfs.sh
$ sbin/start-yarn.sh
(1)-help:输出这个命令参数
$ hadoop fs -help rm
(2)-ls: 显示目录信息
$ hadoop fs -ls /
(3)-mkdir:在HDFS上创建目录
$ hadoop fs -mkdir -p /sanguo/shuguo
(4)-moveFromLocal:从本地剪切粘贴到HDFS
$ touch kongming.txt $ hadoop fs -moveFromLocal ./kongming.txt /sanguo/shuguo
(5)-appendToFile:追加一个文件到已经存在的文件末尾
$ touch liubei.txt
$ vi liubei.txt
输入
san gu mao lu
$ hadoop fs -appendToFile liubei.txt /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(6)-cat:显示文件内容
$ hadoop fs -cat /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(7)-chgrp 、-chmod、-chown:Linux文件系统中的用法一样,修改文件所属权限
$ hadoop fs -chmod /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
$ hadoop fs -chown atguigu:atguigu /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(8)-copyFromLocal:从本地文件系统中拷贝文件到HDFS路径去
$ hadoop fs -copyFromLocal README.txt /
(9)-copyToLocal:从HDFS拷贝到本地
$ hadoop fs -copyToLocal /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
(10)-cp :从HDFS的一个路径拷贝到HDFS的另一个路径
$ hadoop fs -cp /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt /zhuge.txt
(11)-mv:在HDFS目录中移动文件
$ hadoop fs -mv /zhuge.txt /sanguo/shuguo/
(12)-get:等同于copyToLocal,就是从HDFS下载文件到本地
$ hadoop fs -get /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt ./
(13)-getmerge:合并下载多个文件,比如HDFS的目录 /user/atguigu/test下有多个文件:log.1, log.2,log.3,...
$ hadoop fs -getmerge /user/atguigu/test/* ./zaiyiqi.txt
(14)-put:等同于copyFromLocal
$ hadoop fs -put ./zaiyiqi.txt /user/atguigu/test/
(15)-tail:显示一个文件的末尾
$ hadoop fs -tail /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
(16)-rm:删除文件或文件夹
$ hadoop fs -rm /user/atguigu/test/jinlian2.txt
(17)-rmdir:删除空目录
$ hadoop fs -mkdir /test
$ hadoop fs -rmdir /test
(18)-du统计文件夹的大小信息
$ hadoop fs -du -s -h /user/atguigu/test
2.7 K /user/atguigu/test $ hadoop fs -du -h /user/atguigu/test 1.3 K /user/atguigu/test/README.txt
/user/atguigu/test/jinlian.txt
1.4 K /user/atguigu/test/zaiyiqi.txt
(19)-setrep:设置HDFS中文件的副本数量
$ hadoop fs -setrep /sanguo/shuguo/kongming.txt
图 HDFS副本数量
这里设置的副本数只是记录在NameNode的元数据中,是否真的会有这么多副本,还得看DataNode的数量。
因为目前只有3台设备,最多也就3个副本,只有节点数的增加到10台时,副本数才能达到10。