今天我们来讲一下基于Python的HTTP接口自动化测试框架的实现，范例如下：
一、测试需求描述
对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。
输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值
输出：XML文件
eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1
二、实现方法
1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试
2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。
3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可
4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可
5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）
6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）
三、Excel表格样式
四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）
1、测试框架代码
import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time
from xml2dict import XML2Dict
import win32com.client
from win32com.client import Dispatch
#Excel表格中测试结果底色
OK_COLOR=0xffffff
NG_COLOR=0xff
#NT_COLOR=0xffff
NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0
#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置
TESTTIME=[1, 14]
TESTRESULT=[2, 14]
#Excel模版设置
#self.titleindex=3 #Excel中测试用例标题行索引
#self.casebegin =4 #Excel中测试用例开始行索引
#self.argbegin =2 #Excel中参数开始列索引
#self.argcount =5 #Excel中支持的参数个数
#self.resultcol =28 #TestResult列
class create_excel:
def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=5, dresultcol=28):
self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application') #MS:Excel WPS:et
try:
self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)
except:
print_error_info()
print "打开文件失败"
exit()
self.file=sFile
self.titleindex=dtitleindex
self.casebegin=dcasebegin
self.argbegin=dargbegin
self.argcount=dargcount
self.resultcol=dresultcol
self.allresult=[]
def close(self):
#self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)
self.book.Save()
self.book.Close()
#self.xlApp.Quit()
del self.xlApp
def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):
try:
sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)
except:
self.close()
print('读取数据失败')
exit()
#去除'.0'
if sValue[-2:]=='.0':
sValue = sValue[0:-2]
return sValue
def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):
try:
sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")
sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color
self.book.Save()
except:
self.close()
print('写入数据失败')
exit()
#获取用例个数
def get_ncase(self, iSheet):
try:
return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1
except:
self.close()
print('获取Case个数失败')
exit()
def get_nrows(self, iSheet):
try:
sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count
except:
self.close()
print('获取nrows失败')
exit()
def get_ncols(self, iSheet):
try:
sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)
return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count
except:
self.close()
print('获取ncols失败')
exit()
def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):
try:
#为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来
nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1
ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1
begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount
#提升性能
sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)
for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):
for col in range(begincol, ncols):
str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)
#清除实际结果[]
startpos = str.find('[')
if startpos>0:
str = str[0:startpos].strip()
self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)
else:
#提升性能
sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR
#清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT
self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultcol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)
except:
self.close()
print('清除数据失败')
exit()
#执行调用
def run_case(IPPort, url):
conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)
conn.request("GET", url)
rsps = conn.getresponse()
data = rsps.read()
conn.close()
return data
#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]
def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):
caseinfolist=[]
sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)
argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))
#获取参数名存入ArgNameList
ArgNameList=[]
for i in range(0, argcount):
ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))
caseinfolist.append(sInterface)
caseinfolist.append(argcount)
caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)
return caseinfolist
#获取输入
def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):
sArge=''
#参数组合
for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):
sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'
#去掉结尾的&字符
if sArge[-1:]=='&':
sArge = sArge[0:-1]
sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge #组合全部参数
return sInput
#结果判断
def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):
sReal=str(sReal)
sExpect=str(sExpect)
if sReal==sExpect:
return 'OK'
else:
return 'NG'
#将测试结果写入文件
def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):
if len(result)>1:
ret='OK'
for i in range(0, len(result)):
if result[i]=='NG':
ret='NG'
break
if ret=='NG':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)
else:
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)
Data.allresult.append(ret)
else:
if result[0]=='NG':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)
elif result[0]=='OK':
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)
else: #NT
Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)
Data.allresult.append(result[0])
#将当前结果立即打印
print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]
#打印测试结果
def statisticresult(excelobj):
allresultlist=excelobj.allresult
count=[0, 0, 0]
for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):
#print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]
count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])
print 'Statistic result as follow:'
print 'OK:', count[0]
print 'NG:', count[1]
print 'NT:', count[2]
#解析XmlString返回Dict
def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):
xml = XML2Dict()
return xml.fromstring(xml_string)
#解析XmlFile返回Dict
def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):
xml = XML2Dict()
return xml.parse(xml_file)
#去除历史数据expect[real]
def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):
startpos = str.find('[')
if startpos>0:
str = str[0:startpos].strip()
excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)
return str
#检查每个item （非结构体）
def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):
ret='OK'
for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):
real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']
expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)
#如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]
#将return NG
result=assert_result(real, expect)
if result=='NG':
writestr=expect+'['+real+']'
excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)
ret='NG'
return ret
#检查结构体类型
def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):
ret='OK'
if structcount>1: #传入的是List
for structid in range(0, structcount):
structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]
temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))
if temp=='NG':
ret='NG'
else: #传入的是Dict
temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)
if temp=='NG':
ret='NG'
return ret
#获取异常函数及行号
def print_error_info():
"""Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""
try:
raise Exception
except:
f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)
#测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现
def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):
calculation = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],
'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],
'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}
return calculation[flag]()
2、项目测试代码
from testframe import *
STRUCTCOL=14 #结构体开始列
#content_book_list用例集
def content_book_list_suite():
print 'Test Begin,please waiting...'
suiteid=4 #设置测试输入Sheetindex=1
excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid) #清除历史测试数据
casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid)
checklist=['resultCode', 'listid', 'name', 'total', 'from', 'size']
structitem=['bookid', 'name', 'title', 'progress', 'words', 'authorid', 'authorName']
#获取Case基本信息
caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid)
for caseid in range(0, casecount):
#检查是否执行该Case
if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':
write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, 'NT')
continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case
#获取测试数据
sInput=get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)
XmlString=run_case(com_ipport, sInput) #执行调用
dict=get_xmlfile_dict(os.getcwd()+'\doc\Test.xml')
itemdict=dict['root']
ret1=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,itemdict, checklist, excelobj.argbegin+excelobj.argcount)
structdict=dict['root']['books']['book']
ret2=check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structitem, STRUCTCOL, 2)
write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultcol, ret1, ret2)
print 'Test End!'
3、测试入口
from testframe import *
from xxx_server_case import *
from xxx_server_case import *
import xxx_server_case
#服务系统接口测试
#设置测试环境
xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'\doc\TestDemo_testcase.xls')
xxx_server_case.com_ipport='XXX.16.1.35:8080'
begin =datetime.datetime.now()
#Add testsuite begin
content_book_list_suite()
#Add other suite from here
#Add testsuite end
#profile.run("content_book_list_suite()")
print 'Total Time:', datetime.datetime.now()-begin
statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)
xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()
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