我正在尝试使用LibGDX CatmullRomSpline在路径上实现恒定速度,并且我在使其工作时遇到问题.我已经尝试过很多关于这个主题的研究,包括阅读LibGDX wiki,但他们对实现恒定速度的解释并没有真正意义,我无法让他们的方法发挥作用. https://github.com/libgdx/libgdx/wiki/Path-interface-&-Splines
在我的情况下,导数值非常大(数百),因此当将0-1之间的数除以导数时,结果非常小并且运动非常慢并且仍然不恒定.所以我不确定他们的例子是如何运作的.
在我的例子中,我有几个视觉辅助工具与球的速度一致,随着速度的增加,屏幕底部的条形长度增加,随着速度的增加,颜色也会从白色变为红色.
在MyPath.java的act()方法中,我从[1]和[2]开始注释掉了两个部分.第一个是正常的,通过路径可变速度,第二个是我尝试使LibGDX wiki恒速工作失败.所以只需取消注释这两行就可以在两个版本之间切换.
我对恒速的想法包括根据路径的总长度计算速度(使用样条上的约长度(1000)方法),然后使用导数函数确定给定时刻的实际速度,并调整百分比发送到样条曲线的值以补偿速度变化,以使速度恒定.但是,我不太明白衍生函数实际上代表什么.我之前发布了关于衍生函数的问题,但根据我收到的评论,我认为可能更容易询问实现恒定速度.这是我之前关于衍生函数的问题:
LibGDX CatmullRomSpline Derivative Meaning?
关于如何在我的例子中实现恒定速度的任何想法(或解释CatmullRomSpline的衍生函数实际上代表什么,以便我可以更好地理解如何使用它)将不胜感激.
对于任何想要运行程序的人,这里是我为我的示例创建的两个图像文件(将这些文件添加到assets文件夹的根目录):
http://dropshots.com/Tekker/date/2015-09-19
这是我的示例代码:
DesktopLauncher.java :(将桌面窗口宽度和高度更改为1000)
public class DesktopLauncher {
public static void main (String[] arg) {
LwjglApplicationConfiguration config = new LwjglApplicationConfiguration();
config.width = 1000;
config.height = 1000;
new LwjglApplication(new TEST(), config);
}
}
TEST.java:
public class TEST extends Game {
Stage stage;
MyPath path;
@Override
public void create () {
stage = new Stage();
stage.setViewport(new ScreenViewport(stage.getViewport().getCamera()));
Gdx.input.setInputProcessor(stage);
path = new MyPath(1000, 1000);
stage.addActor(path);
}
@Override
public void render () {
Gdx.gl.glClearColor(0.1f, 0.1f, 0.1f, 1.0f);
Gdx.gl.glClear(GL20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
stage.act(Gdx.graphics.getDeltaTime());
stage.draw();
}
@Override
public void dispose(){
stage.dispose();
super.dispose();
}
}
MyPath.java:
public class MyPath extends WidgetGroup {
Image start, end, path, bar1, horizontal;
float time, percent, dVal, pathLength, dMax=1000, cycle=6, maxPercent, deltaCycle;
CatmullRomSpline<Vector2> catmull;
Vector2 result = new Vector2();
Vector2 previousResult = new Vector2(50,150);
Vector2 derivative = new Vector2();
Vector2 previousDerivative = new Vector2();
Vector2[] points = {
new Vector2(50,150), new Vector2(50,150),
new Vector2(400,800), new Vector2(600,150), new Vector2(700,400),
new Vector2(860,150), new Vector2(860,150)
};
boolean print = true;
public MyPath(int width, int height){
this.setSize(width, height);
catmull = new CatmullRomSpline<Vector2>(points, false);
createPath();
createBar();
pathLength = catmull.approxLength(1000);
}
@Override
public void act(float delta){
// [1] VARIABLE SPEED
//time += delta;
//percent = (time / cycle) % 1;
// [2] CONSTANT SPEED FAIL!
//catmull.derivativeAt(previousDerivative, percent);
//time += delta;
//percent = ((time / cycle) / previousDerivative.len() ) % 1;
catmull.valueAt(result, percent);
path.setPosition(result.x, this.getHeight() - result.y);
updateSpeedVisuals();
debugPrint();
previousResult.set(result);
}
private void createPath(){
start = new Image(new Texture("dot.png"));
start.setColor(Color.GRAY);
start.setPosition(50, this.getHeight() - 150);
this.addActor(start);
end = new Image(new Texture("dot.png"));
end.setColor(Color.GRAY);
end.setPosition(860, this.getHeight() - 150);
this.addActor(end);
path = new Image(new Texture("dot.png"));
path.setColor(Color.WHITE);
this.addActor(path);
}
private void createBar(){
Texture texture = new Texture("ninepatch.png");
int crop = (int)(texture.getWidth()/2)-1;
NinePatch patch9 = new NinePatch(texture, crop, crop, crop, crop);
bar1 = new Image(patch9);
bar1.setColor(Color.GRAY);
bar1.setPosition(5, this.getHeight()-900);
this.addActor(bar1);
}
private void updateSpeedVisuals(){
catmull.derivativeAt(derivative, percent);
dVal = derivative.len() / dMax;
path.setColor(1f, 1f-dVal, 1f-dVal, 1f);
bar1.setWidth(derivative.len());
bar1.setColor(1f, 1f-dVal, 1f-dVal, 1f);
}
private void debugPrint(){
maxPercent = (percent > maxPercent) ? percent : maxPercent;
if (maxPercent > percent){
print = false;
}
if (print){
String debugPrint = "";
debugPrint = debugPrint + "pathLength=" + pathLength + "\t";
debugPrint = debugPrint + "derivative=" + derivative.len() + "\t";
System.out.println(debugPrint);
}
}
}
解决方法:
由于导数是样条位置的变化率,它确实是“速度”,当样条曲线远离基础数据点时,它必须“加速”以使计算的样条曲线到达下一个数据点.时间,你必须分出这个速度,以感知视觉恒定的速度.
你没有得到一个恒定的速度,因为你仍然用delta而不是delta除以变化率(导数)来递增你的时间变量.您应该在每个帧的百分比变量中添加一个可变量,而不是按照Catmull-Rom样条曲线上单个点的导数修改所有内容.
代替:
catmull.derivativeAt(previousDerivative, percent);
time += delta;
percent = ((time / cycle) / previousDerivative.len() ) % 1;
你应该:
catmull.derivativeAt(previousDerivative, percent);
percent += derivativeAverage / cycle * delta / previousDerivative.len();
percent %= 1;
你现在应该使用平均导数除以循环,因为你不能再单独使用循环作为每秒百分比变量.
迭代样条曲线以查找derivativeAverage的平均值:
int samples = 100; //the higher the more accurate, however slower
float derivativeAverage = 0;
Vector2 out = new Vector2();
for (float i=0;i<1;i+=1f/samples) {
catmull.derivativeAt(out, i);
derivativeAverage += out.len();
}
derivativeAverage /= samples;