原帖地址：http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/12678577

ffmpeg中的av_read_frame()的作用是读取码流中的音频若干帧或者视频一帧。例如，解码视频的时候，每解码一个视频帧，需要先调用 av_read_frame()获得一帧视频的压缩数据，然后才能对该数据进行解码（例如H.264中一帧压缩数据通常对应一个NAL）。

对该函数源代码的分析是很久之前做的了，现在翻出来，用博客记录一下。

上代码之前，先参考了其他人对av_read_frame()的解释，在此做一个参考：

通过av_read_packet(***)，读取一个包，需要说明的是此函数必须是包含整数帧的，不存在半帧的情况，以ts流为例，是读取一个完整的PES包（一个完整pes包包含若干视频或音频es包），读取完毕后，通过av_parser_parse2(***)分析出视频一帧（或音频若干帧），返回，下次进入循环的时候，如果上次的数据没有完全取完，则st = s->cur_st;不会是NULL，即再此进入av_parser_parse2(***)流程，而不是下面的av_read_packet（**）流程，这样就保证了，如果读取一次包含了N帧视频数据（以视频为例），则调用av_read_frame（***）N次都不会去读数据，而是返回第一次读取的数据，直到全部解析完毕。

av_read_frame()的源代码如下：

int av_read_frame(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    const int genpts = s->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_GENPTS;
    int          eof = 0;
    int ret;
    AVStream *st;

    if (!genpts) {
        ret = s->packet_buffer ?
            read_from_packet_buffer(&s->packet_buffer, &s->packet_buffer_end, pkt) :
            read_frame_internal(s, pkt);
        if (ret < 0)
            return ret;
        goto return_packet;
    }

    for (;;) {
        AVPacketList *pktl = s->packet_buffer;

        if (pktl) {
            AVPacket *next_pkt = &pktl->pkt;

            if (next_pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                int wrap_bits = s->streams[next_pkt->stream_index]->pts_wrap_bits;
                // last dts seen for this stream. if any of packets following
                // current one had no dts, we will set this to AV_NOPTS_VALUE.
                int64_t last_dts = next_pkt->dts;
                while (pktl && next_pkt->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                    if (pktl->pkt.stream_index == next_pkt->stream_index &&
                        (av_compare_mod(next_pkt->dts, pktl->pkt.dts, 2LL << (wrap_bits - 1)) < 0)) {
                        if (av_compare_mod(pktl->pkt.pts, pktl->pkt.dts, 2LL << (wrap_bits - 1))) { //not b frame
                            next_pkt->pts = pktl->pkt.dts;
                        }
                        if (last_dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                            // Once last dts was set to AV_NOPTS_VALUE, we don't change it.
                            last_dts = pktl->pkt.dts;
                        }
                    }
                    pktl = pktl->next;
                }
                if (eof && next_pkt->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE && last_dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE) {
                    // Fixing the last reference frame had none pts issue (For MXF etc).
                    // We only do this when
                    // 1. eof.
                    // 2. we are not able to resolve a pts value for current packet.
                    // 3. the packets for this stream at the end of the files had valid dts.
                    next_pkt->pts = last_dts + next_pkt->duration;
                }
                pktl = s->packet_buffer;
            }

            /* read packet from packet buffer, if there is data */
            if (!(next_pkt->pts == AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
                  next_pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE && !eof)) {
                ret = read_from_packet_buffer(&s->packet_buffer,
                                               &s->packet_buffer_end, pkt);
                goto return_packet;
            }
        }

        ret = read_frame_internal(s, pkt);
        if (ret < 0) {
            if (pktl && ret != AVERROR(EAGAIN)) {
                eof = 1;
                continue;
            } else
                return ret;
        }

        if (av_dup_packet(add_to_pktbuf(&s->packet_buffer, pkt,
                          &s->packet_buffer_end)) < 0)
            return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }

return_packet:

    st = s->streams[pkt->stream_index];
    if (st->skip_samples) {
        uint8_t *p = av_packet_new_side_data(pkt, AV_PKT_DATA_SKIP_SAMPLES, 10);
        if (p) {
            AV_WL32(p, st->skip_samples);
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "demuxer injecting skip %d\n", st->skip_samples);
        }
        st->skip_samples = 0;
    }

    if ((s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_GENERIC_INDEX) && pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) {
        ff_reduce_index(s, st->index);
        av_add_index_entry(st, pkt->pos, pkt->dts, 0, 0, AVINDEX_KEYFRAME);
    }

    if (is_relative(pkt->dts))
        pkt->dts -= RELATIVE_TS_BASE;
    if (is_relative(pkt->pts))
        pkt->pts -= RELATIVE_TS_BASE;

    return ret;
}

一些说明：

1、新版本的ffmpeg用的是av_read_frame，而老版本的是av_read_packet。区别是av_read_packet读出的是包，它可能是半帧或多帧，不保证帧的完整性。av_read_frame对av_read_packet进行了封装，使读出的数据总是完整的帧。

2、一般情况下，av_read_frame会调用read_frame_internal()，其代码如下所示：

static int read_frame_internal(AVFormatContext *s, AVPacket *pkt)
{
    int ret = 0, i, got_packet = 0;

    av_init_packet(pkt);

    while (!got_packet && !s->parse_queue) 
	{
        AVStream *st;
        AVPacket cur_pkt;

        /* read next packet */
        ret = ff_read_packet(s, &cur_pkt);
        if (ret < 0)
		{
            if (ret == AVERROR(EAGAIN))
                return ret;
            /* flush the parsers */
            for(i = 0; i < s->nb_streams; i++) 
			{
                st = s->streams[i];
                if (st->parser && st->need_parsing)
                    parse_packet(s, NULL, st->index);
            }
            /* all remaining packets are now in parse_queue =>
             * really terminate parsing */
            break;
        }
        ret = 0;
        st  = s->streams[cur_pkt.stream_index];

        if (cur_pkt.pts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            cur_pkt.dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE &&
            cur_pkt.pts < cur_pkt.dts) 
		{
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_WARNING, "Invalid timestamps stream=%d, pts=%s, dts=%s, size=%d\n",
                   cur_pkt.stream_index,
                   av_ts2str(cur_pkt.pts),
                   av_ts2str(cur_pkt.dts),
                   cur_pkt.size);
        }
        if (s->debug & FF_FDEBUG_TS)
            av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "ff_read_packet stream=%d, pts=%s, dts=%s, size=%d, duration=%d, flags=%d\n",
                   cur_pkt.stream_index,
                   av_ts2str(cur_pkt.pts),
                   av_ts2str(cur_pkt.dts),
                   cur_pkt.size,
                   cur_pkt.duration,
                   cur_pkt.flags);

        if (st->need_parsing && !st->parser && !(s->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_NOPARSE)) 
		{
            st->parser = av_parser_init(st->codec->codec_id);
            if (!st->parser) 
			{
                av_log(s, AV_LOG_VERBOSE, "parser not found for codec "
                       "%s, packets or times may be invalid.\n",
                       avcodec_get_name(st->codec->codec_id));
                /* no parser available: just output the raw packets */
                st->need_parsing = AVSTREAM_PARSE_NONE;
            } else if(st->need_parsing == AVSTREAM_PARSE_HEADERS) 
			{
                st->parser->flags |= PARSER_FLAG_COMPLETE_FRAMES;
            } else if(st->need_parsing == AVSTREAM_PARSE_FULL_ONCE)
			{
                st->parser->flags |= PARSER_FLAG_ONCE;
            } else if(st->need_parsing == AVSTREAM_PARSE_FULL_RAW) 
			{
                st->parser->flags |= PARSER_FLAG_USE_CODEC_TS;
            }
        }

        if (!st->need_parsing || !st->parser) 
		{
            /* no parsing needed: we just output the packet as is */
            *pkt = cur_pkt;
            compute_pkt_fields(s, st, NULL, pkt);
            if ((s->iformat->flags & AVFMT_GENERIC_INDEX) &&
                (pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY) && pkt->dts != AV_NOPTS_VALUE)
			{
                ff_reduce_index(s, st->index);
                av_add_index_entry(st, pkt->pos, pkt->dts, 0, 0, AVINDEX_KEYFRAME);
            }
            got_packet = 1;
        } else if (st->discard < AVDISCARD_ALL) 
		{
            if ((ret = parse_packet(s, &cur_pkt, cur_pkt.stream_index)) < 0)
                return ret;
        } else 
		{
            /* free packet */
            av_free_packet(&cur_pkt);
        }
        if (pkt->flags & AV_PKT_FLAG_KEY)
            st->skip_to_keyframe = 0;
        if (st->skip_to_keyframe) 
		{
            av_free_packet(&cur_pkt);
            if (got_packet) {
                *pkt = cur_pkt;
            }
            got_packet = 0;
        }
    }

    if (!got_packet && s->parse_queue)
        ret = read_from_packet_buffer(&s->parse_queue, &s->parse_queue_end, pkt);

    if(s->debug & FF_FDEBUG_TS)
        av_log(s, AV_LOG_DEBUG, "read_frame_internal stream=%d, pts=%s, dts=%s, size=%d, duration=%d, flags=%d\n",
            pkt->stream_index,
            av_ts2str(pkt->pts),
            av_ts2str(pkt->dts),
            pkt->size,
            pkt->duration,
            pkt->flags);

    return ret;
}

更新：ffmpeg 2.1中，原文中提到的av_paser_parse2()已经被舍弃，新采用的方法随着学习的深入慢慢分析。