很多时候，我们开发程序都需要使用到对象的XML序列化和反序列化，对象的XML序列化和反序列化，既可以使用XML对象（XmlDocument）进行操作，也可以使用XmlSerializer进行操作，两个各有优点，就是操作性而已，我倾向于使用后者来操作XML。
本文介绍三种方式操作XML，普通的XmlDocument的API操作，方便的XmlSerializer对象序列化操作，加密XML对象序列化操作。
1、普通的XML对象操作，利用XML对象（XmlDocument）。
一个典型的利用XmlDocument对象操作XML的例子代码如下：
public static void RunShipper(){
XmlDocument xmldoc = new XmlDocument();
//加上XML的声明段落
XmlNode xmlnode = xmldoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.XmlDeclaration,"","");
xmldoc.AppendChild(xmlnode);
//加入一个根元素
XmlElement xmlelem = xmldoc.CreateElement("","ROOT","");
XmlText xmltext = xmldoc.CreateTextNode("Root Text");
xmlelem.AppendChild(xmltext);
xmldoc.AppendChild(xmlelem);
//加入另外一个元素
XmlElement xmlelem2 = xmldoc.CreateElement("SampleElement");
xmlelem2 = xmldoc.CreateElement("","SampleElement","");
xmltext = xmldoc.CreateTextNode("The text of the sample element");
xmlelem2.AppendChild(xmltext);
xmldoc.ChildNodes.Item(1).AppendChild(xmlelem2);
//保存创建好的XML文档
try{
xmldoc.Save("c:\\data.xml");
}catch(Exception e){
//显示错误信息
Console.WriteLine(e.Messate);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
得到的输出结果如下所示：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ROOT>Root Text
<SampleElement>The text of the sample element</SampleElement>
</ROOT>
2、使用XmlSerializer进行XML操作
先提供两个对象的序列化和反序列化的封装函数，如下所示：
//<summary>
//对象序列化XML到文件中
//</summary>
//<param name="path">文件路径</param>
//<param name="obj">对象</param>
//<param name="type">对象类型</param>
//</summary>
private bool XmlSerialize(Striing path,Object obj,Type type)
{
XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
ns.Add("","");
try
{
//如果文件目录不存在，那么创建目录
if(!File.Exists(path))
{
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);
if(!fi.Directory.Exists)
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(fi.Directory.FullName);
}
}
using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path,FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None));
{
XmlSerializer format = new XmlSerializer(type);
format.Serializer(sream,obj,ns);
stream.Close();
}
return true;
}catch(Excetion e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// XML反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
/// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private object XmlDeserialize(string path, Type type)
{
try
{
using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.Read))
{
XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(type);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
object obj = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
stream.Close();
return obj;
}
}
catch
{
return null;
}
注意其中代码
XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
ns.Add("","");
是把默认的xmlns命名空间多余的内容去掉，这样得到比较干净的XML。
在使用的时候，我们需要定义好对象的实体，这样才能给予对象进行操作，定义的实体类如下所示。
[Serializable]
public class UserInfo{
public String ID{get;set;}
public String UseNo{get;set;}
public String UserName{get;set;}
public String Sex{get;set;}
public String Birthday{get;set;}
}
[Serializable]
public class DataOfUser
{
[XmlElement(ElementName = "m_User")]
public List<UserInfo> list = new List<UserInfo>();
}
调用序列化函数的代码例子如下所示
private void btnUserNormal_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataOfUser obj = new DataOfUser();
UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
user.ID=Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
user.Sex = "男";
user.UserName = "张三";
user.UserNo = "20010001";
user.Birthday = "1999-1-1";
obj.list.Add(user);
user = new UserInfo();
user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
user.Sex = "女";
user.UserName = "李氏";
user.UserNo = "20020001";
user.Birthday = "1998-1-1";
obj.list.Add(user);
try{
XmlSerialize("C:\\User.xml", obj, obj.GetType());
MessageUtil.ShowTips("Ok");
}catch(Exception ex){
MessageUtil.ShowError(ex.Message);
}
}
这样得到的XML内容如下：
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<DataOfUser>
<m_User>
<ID>f8a8b323-5c56-4c21-9ddf-1cd30f78dfca</ID>
<UserNo>20010001</UserNo>
<UserName>张三</UserName>
<Sex>男</Sex>
<Birthday>1999-1-1</Birthday>
</m_User>
<m_User>
<ID>bbb36378-ec27-4e20-ad4b-2d2dc7e142e4</ID>
<UserNo>20020001</UserNo>
<UserName>李氏</UserName>
<Sex>女</Sex>
<Birthday>1998-1-1</Birthday>
</m_User>
</DataOfUser>
反序列化的操作也比较简单，不再赘述。
3）把对象实例化到XML中并进行加密处理
首先我们定义两个序列化加密、解码并反序列化的函数如下所示。
/// <summary>
/// XML序列化并加密
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
/// <param name="obj">对象</param>
/// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private bool XmlSerializeEncrypt(string path, object obj, Type type)
{
XmlSerializerNamespaces ns = new XmlSerializerNamespaces();
ns.Add("","");
try
{
//如果文件目录不存在，那么创建目录
if(!File.Exists(path))
{
FileInfo fi = new FileInfo(path);
if(!fi.Directory.Exists)
{
Directory.CreateDirectory(fi.Directory.FullName);
}
}
using (Stream stream = new FileStream(path,FileMode.Create,FileAccess.Write,FileShare.None));
{
String cotext = "";
using(MemorySream ms = new MemorySream());
{
XmlSerializer format = new XmlSerializer(type);
format.Serializer(ms,obj,ns);
ms.Seek(0,0);
content = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ms.ToArray());
}
String encrypt = EncodeHelper.EncryptString(content);
byte [] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(encrypt);
stream.Write(bytes,0,bytes.Length);
stream.Close();
}
return true;
}catch(Excetion e)
{
Console.WriteLine(e.Message);
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 解密并进行XML反序列化
/// </summary>
/// <param name="path">文件路径</param>
/// <param name="type">对象类型</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private object XmlDeserializeDecrypt(string path, Type type)
{
try{
string encrypt = File.ReadAllText(path, Encoding.UTF8);
string content = EncodeHelper.DecryptString(encrypt, true);
byte[] bytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(content);
using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(bytes))
{
XmlSerializer formatter = new XmlSerializer(type);
stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
object obj = formatter.Deserialize(stream);
stream.Close();
return obj;
}
}catch(Exception ex){
Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
return null;
}
}
这样函数定义好后，调用和前面没有加密的差不多，如下所示。
private void btnUserEncrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DataOfUser obj = new DataOfUser();
UserInfo user = new UserInfo();
user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
user.Sex = "男";
user.UserName = "张三";
user.UserNo = "20010001";
user.Birthday = "1999-1-1";
obj.list.Add(user);
user = new UserInfo();
user.ID = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
user.Sex = "女";
user.UserName = "李氏";
user.UserNo = "20020001";
user.Birthday = "1998-1-1";
obj.list.Add(user);
try{
XmlSerializeEncrypt("C:\\User-Encrypt.xml", obj, obj.GetType());
MessageUtil.ShowTips("Ok");
}catch(Exception ex){
MessateUtil.ShowError(ex.Message);
}
}
private void btnUserDecrypt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
string file = FileDialogHelper.OpenFile();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(file))
{
DataOfUser info = XmlDeserializeDecrypt(file, typeof(DataOfUser)) as DataOfUser;
if (info != null){
MessageUtil.ShowTips("OK");
}
}
}