最近有用户反应我们现有的短信+邮件验证,不安全及短信条数限制和邮件收验证码比较慢的问题,希望我们
也能做一个类似银行动态口令的验证方式。经过对可行性的分析及慎重考虑,可以实现一个这样的功能。
怎么实现呢,是自己开发一个这样的app?这样成本太高了,为了节约成本,我们使用互联网使用比较多的google
身份验证器。使用它,我们只需要开发服务端就可以了。
google身份验证器的原理是什么呢?客户端和服务器事先协商好一个密钥K,用于一次性密码的生成过程,此
密钥不被任何第三方所知道。此外,客户端和服务器各有一个计数器C,并且事先将计数值同步。进行验证时,客户端对
密钥和计数器的组合(K,C)使用HMAC(Hash-based Message Authentication Code)算法计算一次性密码,公式如下:
- HOTP(K,C) = Truncate(HMAC-SHA-1(K,C))
上面采用了HMAC-SHA-1,当然也可以使用HMAC-MD5等。HMAC算法得出的值位数比较多,不方便用户输入,因
此需要截断(Truncate)成为一组不太长十进制数(例如6位)。计算完成之后客户端计数器C计数值加1。用户将这一组十
进制数输入并且提交之后,服务器端同样的计算,并且与用户提交的数值比较,如果相同,则验证通过,服务器端将计数值
C增加1。如果不相同,则验证失败。
Java服务端实现代码:板面的做法和配料
- package com.auth.google;
- import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
- import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
- import java.security.SecureRandom;
- import javax.crypto.Mac;
- import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
- import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base32;
- import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
- /**
- *
- *
- * google身份验证器,java服务端实现
- *
- * @author yangbo
- *
- * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午10:10:02
- *
- *
- */
- public class GoogleAuthenticator {
- // 生成的key长度( Generate secret key length)
- public static final int SECRET_SIZE = 10;
- public static final String SEED = "g8GjEvTbW5oVSV7avL47357438reyhreyuryetredLDVKs2m0QN7vxRs2im5MDaNCWGmcD2rvcZx";
- // Java实现随机数算法
- public static final String RANDOM_NUMBER_ALGORITHM = "SHA1PRNG";
- // 最多可偏移的时间
- int window_size = 3; // default 3 - max 17
- /**
- * set the windows size. This is an integer value representing the number of
- * 30 second windows we allow The bigger the window, the more tolerant of
- * clock skew we are.
- *
- * @param s
- * window size - must be >=1 and <=17. Other values are ignored
- */
- public void setWindowSize(int s) {
- if (s >= 1 && s <= 17)
- window_size = s;
- }
- /**
- * Generate a random secret key. This must be saved by the server and
- * associated with the users account to verify the code displayed by Google
- * Authenticator. The user must register this secret on their device.
- * 生成一个随机秘钥
- *
- * @return secret key
- */
- public static String generateSecretKey() {
- SecureRandom sr = null;
- try {
- sr = SecureRandom.getInstance(RANDOM_NUMBER_ALGORITHM);
- sr.setSeed(Base64.decodeBase64(SEED));
- byte[] buffer = sr.generateSeed(SECRET_SIZE);
- Base32 codec = new Base32();
- byte[] bEncodedKey = codec.encode(buffer);
- String encodedKey = new String(bEncodedKey);
- return encodedKey;
- } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
- // should never occur... configuration error
- }
- return null;
- }
- /**
- * Return a URL that generates and displays a QR barcode. The user scans
- * this bar code with the Google Authenticator application on their
- * smartphone to register the auth code. They can also manually enter the
- * secret if desired
- *
- * @param user
- * user id (e.g. fflinstone)
- * @param host
- * host or system that the code is for (e.g. myapp.com)
- * @param secret
- * the secret that was previously generated for this user
- * @return the URL for the QR code to scan
- */
- public static String getQRBarcodeURL(String user, String host, String secret) {
- String format = "http://www.google.com/chart?chs=200x200&chld=M%%7C0&cht=qr&chl=otpauth://totp/%s@%s?secret=%s";
- return String.format(format, user, host, secret);
- }
- /**
- * 生成一个google身份验证器,识别的字符串,只需要把该方法返回值生成二维码扫描就可以了。
- *
- * @param user
- * 账号
- * @param secret
- * 密钥
- * @return
- */
- public static String getQRBarcode(String user, String secret) {
- String format = "otpauth://totp/%s?secret=%s";
- return String.format(format, user, secret);
- }
- /**
- * Check the code entered by the user to see if it is valid 验证code是否合法
- *
- * @param secret
- * The users secret.
- * @param code
- * The code displayed on the users device
- * @param t
- * The time in msec (System.currentTimeMillis() for example)
- * @return
- */
- public boolean check_code(String secret, long code, long timeMsec) {
- Base32 codec = new Base32();
- byte[] decodedKey = codec.decode(secret);
- // convert unix msec time into a 30 second "window"
- // this is per the TOTP spec (see the RFC for details)
- long t = (timeMsec / 1000L) / 30L;
- // Window is used to check codes generated in the near past.
- // You can use this value to tune how far you're willing to go.
- for (int i = -window_size; i <= window_size; ++i) {
- long hash;
- try {
- hash = verify_code(decodedKey, t + i);
- } catch (Exception e) {
- // Yes, this is bad form - but
- // the exceptions thrown would be rare and a static
- // configuration problem
- e.printStackTrace();
- throw new RuntimeException(e.getMessage());
- // return false;
- }
- if (hash == code) {
- return true;
- }
- }
- // The validation code is invalid.
- return false;
- }
- private static int verify_code(byte[] key, long t) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeyException {
- byte[] data = new byte[8];
- long value = t;
- for (int i = 8; i-- > 0; value >>>= 8) {
- data[i] = (byte) value;
- }
- SecretKeySpec signKey = new SecretKeySpec(key, "HmacSHA1");
- Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacSHA1");
- mac.init(signKey);
- byte[] hash = mac.doFinal(data);
- int offset = hash[20 - 1] & 0xF;
- // We're using a long because Java hasn't got unsigned int.
- long truncatedHash = 0;
- for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
- truncatedHash <<= 8;
- // We are dealing with signed bytes:
- // we just keep the first byte.
- truncatedHash |= (hash[offset + i] & 0xFF);
- }
- truncatedHash &= 0x7FFFFFFF;
- truncatedHash %= 1000000;
- return (int) truncatedHash;
- }
- }
测试代码:
- package com.auth.google;
- import org.junit.Test;
- /**
- *
- *
- * 身份认证测试
- *
- * @author yangbo
- *
- * @version 创建时间:2017年8月14日 上午11:09:23
- *
- *
- */
- public class AuthTest {
- //当测试authTest时候,把genSecretTest生成的secret值赋值给它
- private static String secret="R2Q3S52RNXBTFTOM";
- //@Test
- public void genSecretTest() {// 生成密钥
- secret = GoogleAuthenticator.generateSecretKey();
- // 把这个qrcode生成二维码,用google身份验证器扫描二维码就能添加成功
- String qrcode = GoogleAuthenticator.getQRBarcode("2816661736@qq.com", secret);
- System.out.println("qrcode:" + qrcode + ",key:" + secret);
- }
- /**
- * 对app的随机生成的code,输入并验证
- */
- @Test
- public void verifyTest() {
- long code = 807337;
- long t = System.currentTimeMillis();
- GoogleAuthenticator ga = new GoogleAuthenticator();
- ga.setWindowSize(5);
- boolean r = ga.check_code(secret, code, t);
- System.out.println("检查code是否正确?" + r);
- }
- }
具体使用方式(iOS演示):
第一步:进入iphone的appstore,在搜索框中输入google身份验证器,如下图:
选择上图中的google authenticator 并安装。
第二步:运行下面链接中下载的demo中的AuthTest的genSecretTest方法,控制台打印的结果如下图:
key:为app与服务端约定的秘钥,用于双方的认证。