有没有办法在python中获取给定字符的技术信息,就像在Unicode表中显示一样？ (cf.https://unicode-table.com/en/)

例：
字母“Ȅ”

>名称>拉丁语大写字母E与双重坟墓
> Unicode编号> U 0204
> HTML代码> Ȅ
> Bloc> Latin Extended-B
>小写> ȅ

我真正需要的是获取任何Unicode编号(如此处为U 0204)相应的名称(拉丁大写字母E和双重坟墓)和小写版本(此处为“ȅ”).

大致：
input =一个Unicode编号
输出=相应的信息

我能找到的最接近的东西是fontTools库,但我似乎找不到任何关于如何使用它来做这方面的教程/文档.

谢谢.

解决方法:

标准模块unicodedata定义了许多属性,但不是所有属性.快速查看its source确认了这一点.

幸运的是unicodedata.txt,这个来自的数据文件,并不难解析.每行包含15个元素,分离,这使其成为解析的理想选择.使用ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/3.0-Update/UnicodeData-3.0.0.html上元素的描述,您可以创建一些类来封装数据.我从该列表中获取了类元素的名称;每个元素的含义在同一页面上解释.

请务必先下载ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/UnicodeData.txt和ftp://ftp.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/Blocks.txt,并将它们放在与此程序相同的文件夹中.

代码(使用Python 2.7和3.6测试)：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

class UnicodeCharacter:
    def __init__(self):
        self.code = 0
        self.name = 'unnamed'
        self.category = ''
        self.combining = ''
        self.bidirectional = ''
        self.decomposition = ''
        self.asDecimal = None
        self.asDigit = None
        self.asNumeric = None
        self.mirrored = False
        self.uc1Name = None
        self.comment = ''
        self.uppercase = None
        self.lowercase = None
        self.titlecase = None
        self.block = None

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return getattr(self, item)

    def __repr__(self):
        return '{'+self.name+'}'

class UnicodeBlock:
    def __init__(self):
        self.first = 0
        self.last = 0
        self.name = 'unnamed'

    def __repr__(self):
        return '{'+self.name+'}'

class BlockList:
    def __init__(self):
        self.blocklist = []
        with open('Blocks.txt','r') as uc_f:
            for line in uc_f:
                line = line.strip(' \r\n')
                if '#' in line:
                    line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
                if line != '':
                    rawdata = line.split(';')
                    block = UnicodeBlock()
                    block.name = rawdata[1].strip()
                    rawdata = rawdata[0].split('..')
                    block.first = int(rawdata[0],16)
                    block.last = int(rawdata[1],16)
                    self.blocklist.append(block)
            # make 100% sure it's sorted, for quicker look-up later
            # (it is usually sorted in the file, but better make sure)
            self.blocklist.sort (key=lambda x: block.first)

    def lookup(self,code):
        for item in self.blocklist:
            if code >= item.first and code <= item.last:
                return item.name
        return None

class UnicodeList:
    """UnicodeList loads Unicode data from the external files
    'UnicodeData.txt' and 'Blocks.txt', both available at unicode.org

    These files must appear in the same directory as this program.

    UnicodeList is a new interpretation of the standard library
    'unicodedata'; you may first want to check if its functionality
    suffices.

    As UnicodeList loads its data from an external file, it does not depend
    on the local build from Python (in which the Unicode data gets frozen
    to the then 'current' version).

    Initialize with

        uclist = UnicodeList()
    """
    def __init__(self):

        # we need this first
        blocklist = BlockList()
        bpos = 0

        self.codelist = []
        with open('UnicodeData.txt','r') as uc_f:
            for line in uc_f:
                line = line.strip(' \r\n')
                if '#' in line:
                    line = line.split('#')[0].strip()
                if line != '':
                    rawdata = line.strip().split(';')
                    parsed = UnicodeCharacter()
                    parsed.code = int(rawdata[0],16)
                    parsed.characterName = rawdata[1]
                    parsed.category = rawdata[2]
                    parsed.combining = rawdata[3]
                    parsed.bidirectional = rawdata[4]
                    parsed.decomposition = rawdata[5]
                    parsed.asDecimal = int(rawdata[6]) if rawdata[6] else None
                    parsed.asDigit = int(rawdata[7]) if rawdata[7] else None
                    # the following value may contain a slash:
                    #  ONE QUARTER ... 1/4
                    # let's make it Python 2.7 compatible :)
                    if '/' in rawdata[8]:
                        rawdata[8] = rawdata[8].replace('/','./')
                        parsed.asNumeric = eval(rawdata[8])
                    else:
                        parsed.asNumeric = int(rawdata[8]) if rawdata[8] else None
                    parsed.mirrored = rawdata[9] == 'Y'
                    parsed.uc1Name = rawdata[10]
                    parsed.comment = rawdata[11]
                    parsed.uppercase = int(rawdata[12],16) if rawdata[12] else None
                    parsed.lowercase = int(rawdata[13],16) if rawdata[13] else None
                    parsed.titlecase = int(rawdata[14],16) if rawdata[14] else None
                    while bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code > blocklist.blocklist[bpos].last:
                        bpos += 1
                    parsed.block = blocklist.blocklist[bpos].name if bpos < len(blocklist.blocklist) and parsed.code >= blocklist.blocklist[bpos].first else None
                    self.codelist.append(parsed)

    def find_code(self,codepoint):
        """Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as int).

        Returns:
            a UnicodeCharacter class object or None.
        """
        # the list is unlikely to contain duplicates but I have seen Unicode.org
        # doing that in similar situations. Again, better make sure.
        val = [x for x in self.codelist if codepoint == x.code]
        return val[0] if val else None

    def find_char(self,str):
        """Find the Unicode information for a codepoint (as character).

        Returns:
            for a single character: a UnicodeCharacter class object or
            None.
            for a multicharacter string: a list of the above, one element
            per character.
        """
        if len(str) > 1:
            result = [self.find_code(ord(x)) for x in str]
            return result
        else:
            return self.find_code(ord(str))

加载后,您现在可以使用查找字符代码

>>> ul = UnicodeList()     # ONLY NEEDED ONCE!
>>> print (ul.find_code(0x204))
{LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}

默认情况下,它显示为字符的名称(Unicode将其称为“代码点”),但您也可以检索其他属性：

>>> print ('%04X' % uc.find_code(0x204).lowercase)
0205
>>> print (ul.lookup(0x204).block)
Latin Extended-B

并且(只要你没有得到无)甚至链接他们：

>>> print (ul.find_code(ul.find_code(0x204).lowercase))
{LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOUBLE GRAVE}

它不依赖于您的特定Python构建;您可以随时从unicode.org下载更新列表,并确保获取最新信息：

import unicodedata
>>> print (unicodedata.name('\U0001F903'))
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ValueError: no such name
>>> print (uclist.find_code(0x1f903))
{LEFT HALF CIRCLE WITH FOUR DOTS}

(正如使用Python 3.5.3测试的那样.)

目前定义了两个查找函数：

> find_code(int)通过codepoint将字符信息查找为整数.
> find_char(string)查找字符串中字符的字符信息.如果只有一个字符,则返回一个UnicodeCharacter对象;如果还有更多,则返回一个对象列表.

导入unicodelist(假设你将其保存为unicodelist.py)后,即可使用

>>> ul = UnicodeList()
>>> hex(ul.find_char(u'è').code)
'0xe8'

查找任何字符的十六进制代码,以及列表理解,例如

>>> l = [hex(ul.find_char(x).code) for x in 'Hello']
>>> l
['0x48', '0x65', '0x6c', '0x6c', '0x6f']

更长的字符串.请注意,如果你想要的只是一个字符串的十六进制表示,你实际上并不需要所有这些！这足以：

 l = [hex(ord(x)) for x in 'Hello']

此模块的目的是为了便于访问其他Unicode属性.更长的例子：

str = 'Héllo...'
dest = ''
for i in str:
    dest += chr(ul.find_char(i).uppercase) if ul.find_char(i).uppercase is not None else i
print (dest)

HÉLLO...

并根据您的示例显示角色的属性列表：

letter = u'Ȅ'
print ('Name > '+ul.find_char(letter).name)
print ('Unicode number > U+%04x' % ul.find_char(letter).code)
print ('Bloc > '+ul.find_char(letter).block)
print ('Lowercase > %s' % chr(ul.find_char(letter).lowercase))

(我遗漏了HTML;这些名称没有在Unicode标准中定义.)