3.1 Describe how you could use a single array to implement three stacks.
这道题让我们用一个数组来实现三个栈,书上给了两种方法,第一种方法是定长分割 Fixed Division,就是每个栈的长度相同,用一个公用的一位数组buffer来保存三个栈的内容,前三分之一为第一个栈,中间三分之一为第二个栈,后三分之一为第三个栈,然后还要分别记录各个栈当前元素的个数,然后再分别实现栈的基本操作push, pop, top 和 empty,参见代码如下:
class ThreeStacks {
public:
ThreeStacks(int size) : _stackSize(size) {
_buffer.resize(size * , );
_stackCur.resize(, -);
} void push(int stackIdx, int val) {
if (_stackCur[stackIdx] + >= _stackSize) {
cout << "Stack " << stackIdx << " is full!" << endl;
}
++_stackCur[stackIdx];
_buffer[stackIdx * _stackSize + _stackCur[stackIdx]] = val;
} void pop(int stackIdx) {
if (empty(stackIdx)) {
cout << "Stack " << stackIdx << " is empty!" << endl;
}
_buffer[stackIdx * _stackSize + _stackCur[stackIdx]] = ;
--_stackCur[stackIdx];
} int top(int stackIdx) {
if (empty(stackIdx)) {
cout << "Stack " << stackIdx << " is empty!" << endl;
}
return _buffer[stackIdx * _stackSize + _stackCur[stackIdx]];
} bool empty(int stackIdx) {
return _stackCur[stackIdx] == -;
} private:
int _stackSize;
vector<int> _buffer;
vector<int> _stackCur;
};
第二种方法是灵活分割 Flexible Divisions,这种方法较为复杂,这里就不细写了。