查找算法:哈希表

查找算法:
二分查找:O(lg N) ,单调性
(顺序表中查找)用数组下标索引来查找 O(1)
arr[ ] 下标int ————> 任意类型数据 (映射)
哈希表 任意类型数据 ————> 任意类型数据 (映射)
哈希表是为了追求查找算法时间复杂度为O(1),仿用数组下标索引来查找设计
哈希函数的作用:将任意类型的数据,映射成int,作为下标来存储数据

哈希表:

1. 需要一片连续的存储空间(顺序表、数组)

2. size 空间大小

3. 哈希函数

冲突处理方法:

1. 开放定值法;往后一个空间探测是否存值了,会产生堆聚现象;二次探测 1^2, 2^2, 3^2,…

2. 拉链法; 建立一个链表, 来存储冲突元素

3. 再哈希(散列)法

4. 建立公共溢出区

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Node {
    char *str;
    struct Node *next;
} Node;

typedef struct HashTable {
    Node **data;
    int size;
} HashTable;

Node *init_node(char *str, Node *head) {
   Node *p = (Node *)malloc(sizeof(Node));
   p->str = strdup(str);
   p->next = head;
   return p;
}

HashTable *init_hashtable(int n) {
    HashTable *h = (HashTable *)malloc(sizeof(HashTable));
    h->size = n << 1;
    h->data = (Node **)calloc(h->size, sizeof(Node *));
    return h;
}

int BKDRHash(char *str) {
    int seed = 31, hash = 0;
    for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) hash = hash * seed + str[i];
    return hash & 0x7fffffff;
}

int insert(HashTable *h, char *str) {
    int hash = BKDRHash(str);
    int ind = hash % h->size;
    h->data[ind] = init_node(str, h->data[ind]);
    return 1;
}

int search(HashTable *h, char *str) {
    int hash = BKDRHash(str);
    int ind = hash % h->size;
    Node *p = h->data[ind];
    while (p && strcmp(p->str, str)) p = p->next;
    return p != NULL;
}

void clear_node(Node *node) {
    if (node == NULL) return ;
    Node *p = node, *q;
    while (p) {
         q = p->next;
	 free(p->str);
	 free(p);
	 p = q;
    }
    return ;
}

void clear(HashTable *h) {
    if (h == NULL) return ;
    for (int i = 0; i < h->size; i++) clear_node(h->data[i]);
    free(h->data);
    free(h);
    return ;
}

int main() {
    int op;
    #define MAX_N 100
    char str[MAX_N + 5] = {0};
    HashTable *h = init_hashtable(MAX_N + 5);
    while (~scanf("%d%s", &op, str)) {
        switch (op) {
	    case 0:
		printf("insert %s from HashTable\n", str);
		insert(h, str);
		break;
	    case 1:
		printf("search %s from HashTabe result = %d\n", str, search(h, str));
		break;
	}
    }
    #undef MAX_N
    clear(h);
    return 0;
}


>  0 hello
insert hgr from HashTable
>  0 hall
insert ty from HashTable
>  0 hsalome
insert htq from HashTable
>  1 hello
search hgr from HashTabe result = 1
>  1 helll
search yu from HashTabe result = 0
>  1 hsalome
search ty from HashTabe result = 1
^C
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