Java使用手册-Basic I/O 封面

本文引用来自 Oracle官网 Java 教程，译文属于个人理解。

Lesson: Basic I/O

This lesson covers the Java platform classes used for basic I/O. It first focuses on I/O Streams, a powerful concept that greatly simplifies I/O operations. The lesson also looks at serialization, which lets a program write whole objects out to streams and read them back again. Then the lesson looks at file I/O and file system operations, including random access files.

Most of the classes covered in the I/O Streams section are in the java.io package. Most of the classes covered in the File I/O section are in the java.nio.file package.

译：本课讲了用于 basic I/O 的 java 平台类。它首先讲了 I/O Streams，这是个强大的概念，极大地简化了 I/O 操作。本节内容还讨论了序列化的内容，它能让程序把整个对象写入流中，并且读取回来。然后说了 File I/O 和文件系统操作，包括随机访问文件。

I/O 流一节的内容大多存在于 java.io 包里。文件 I/O 一节的类大多存在于 java.nio.file 包里。

I/O Streams

• Byte Streams handle I/O of raw binary data.
• Character Streams handle I/O of character data, automatically handling translation to and from the local character set.
• Buffered Streams optimize input and output by reducing the number of calls to the native API.
• Scanning and Formatting allows a program to read and write formatted text.
• I/O from the Command Line describes the Standard Streams and the Console object.
• Data Streams handle binary I/O of primitive data type and String values.
• Object Streams handle binary I/O of objects.

译：

I/O Streams

• 字符流：处理二进制数据的I/O。
• 字节流：处理字节数据的I/O，自动处理与本地字符集之间的转换。
• 缓冲流：通过减少对本地API的调用次数优化输入和输出操作。
• 扫描和格式化：允许程序读取和写入格式化的文本。
• 命令行中的I/O：描述标准流和控制器对象。
• 数据流：处理基本数据类型和字符串值的二进制 I/O
• 对象流：处理对象的二进制 I/O

File I/O (Featuring NIO.2)

• What is a Path? examines the concept of a path on a file system.
• The Path Class introduces the cornerstone class of the java.nio.file package.
• Path Operations looks at methods in the Path class that deal with syntactic operations.
• File Operations introduces concepts common to many of the file I/O methods.
• Checking a File or Directory shows how to check a file's existence and its level of accessibility.
• Deleting a File or Directory.
• Copying a File or Directory.
• Moving a File or Directory.
• Managing Metadata explains how to read and set file attributes.
• Reading, Writing and Creating Files shows the stream and channel methods for reading and writing files.
• Random Access Files shows how to read or write files in a non-sequentially manner.
• Creating and Reading Directories covers API specific to directories, such as how to list a directory's contents.
• Links, Symbolic or Otherwise covers issues specific to symbolic and hard links.
• Walking the File Tree demonstrates how to recursively visit each file and directory in a file tree.
• Finding Files shows how to search for files using pattern matching.
• Watching a Directory for Changes shows how to use the watch service to detect files that are added, removed or updated in one or more directories.
• Other Useful Methods covers important API that didn't fit elsewhere in the lesson.
• Legacy File I/O Code shows how to leverage Path functionality if you have older code using the java.io.File class. A table mapping java.io.File API to java.nio.file API is provided.

译：

File I/O（以 NIO.2 为特征）

• 什么是 Path？研究文件系统上路径的概念。
• Path 类：引入 java.nio.file 的基本类。
• Path 操作：介绍 Path 类中处理语法操作的方法。
• 文件操作：引入很多文件 I/O 方法的通用概念。
• 检查文件或目录：显示怎么检查一个文件的存在和它的可访问级别。
• 删除文件或目录。
• 复制文件或目录。
• 移动文件或目录。
• 管理元数据：解释了怎么读取和设置文件属性。
• 读、写、创建文件：显示了流和通道读写文件的方法。
• 随机访问文件：展示了怎么以非顺序的方式读写文件
• 创建和读取目录：涵盖了特定于目录的API，比如如何列出目录的内容。
• 链接、符号或其他：涵盖了特定的符号和硬链接。
• 遍历文件树：演示如何递归地访问文件树中的每个目录和文件。
• 查找文件：显示如何使用模式匹配来搜索文件。
• 监视目录更改：显示如何使用监视服务来检测在一个或多个目录中添加、删除或更新的文件。
• 其他有用的方法：涵盖了本课程其他部分不适合的重要API。
• 遗留的 File I/O 代码：显示如果有使用了 java.io.File 类的旧代码，如何利用路径功能。提供了一个从 java.io.File API 到 java.nio.file API的映射表。