java – 在同一版本中执行JUnit 4和JUnit 5测试

2023-03-15 17:43:20

在Maven项目中,我有一些现有的测试依赖于JUnit 4.由于多种原因,我无法在JUnit 5中迁移这些测试.
实质上,一些测试依赖于使用JUnit 4 runner的库,代码迁移可能需要一些时间.

我想用JUnit 5创建新的测试类,现在已经发布并提供了新的有趣功能.
怎么做？

解决方法:

JUnit 5 = JUnit Platform + JUnit Jupiter + JUnit Vintage

每个项目都是一个独特的项目,使用它们可以在同一个项目中编译和执行JUnit 4和JUnit 5测试.

JUnit Jupiter is the combination of the new programming model and extension model for writing tests and extensions in JUnit 5.

JUnit Vintage provides a TestEngine for running JUnit 3 and JUnit 4 based tests on the platform.

The JUnit Platform serves as a foundation for launching testing frameworks on the JVM

更新：来自Maven Surefire 2.22.0

从the JUnit 5 documentation开始：

Starting with version 2.22.0, Maven Surefire provides native support
for executing tests on the JUnit Platform.

所以配置要简单得多.
请注意,junit-4 api依赖项是可选的,因为现在需要的引擎依赖项已经拉出了默认的api版本(junit 4和5都是这种情况).

这是一个示例pom.xml.

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>david</groupId>
    <artifactId>jupiter-4-and-5-same-build</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <junit-jupiter.version>5.1.0</junit-jupiter.version>
        <!-- optional : if we want to use a junit4 specific version -->
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <!--JUnit Jupiter Engine to depend on the JUnit5 engine and JUnit 5 API -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!--JUnit Jupiter Engine to depend on the JUnit4 engine and JUnit 4 API  -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
            <version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Optional : override the JUnit 4 API version provided by junit-vintage-engine -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.22.0</version>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

在我的GitHub空间中,我添加了一个可以浏览/克隆的工作示例maven项目.
网址：https://github.com/ebundy/junit4-and-5-minimal-maven-project

旧方式：对于Maven Surefire低于2.22.0

以下是与Maven一起使用的最小配置,用于配置项目以编译和运行JUnit4和JUnit5测试：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>mygroup</groupId>
    <artifactId>minimal-conf-junit4-5</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <!-- JUnit 5 depends on JDK 1.8 -->
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
        <!--  JUnit dependency versions -->
        <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
        <junit-vintage-engine>4.12.1</junit-vintage-engine>
        <junit-jupiter.version>5.0.1</junit-jupiter.version>
        <junit-platform.version>1.0.1</junit-platform.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!--JUnit Jupiter API to write and compile tests with JUnit5 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- JUnit 4 to make legacy JUnit 4 tests compile -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>${junit.version}</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.19.1</version> <!-- matters until now-->
                <dependencies>
                    <!-- to let surefire to run JUnit 4 but also JUnit 5 tests -->
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.junit.platform</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-platform-surefire-provider</artifactId>
                        <version>${junit-platform.version}</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <!-- JUnit vintage engine to run JUnit 3 or JUnit 4 tests -->
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>
                        <version>${junit-vintage-engine}</version>
                    </dependency>
                    <!-- JUnit 5 engine to run JUnit 5 tests -->
                    <dependency>
                        <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit-jupiter-engine</artifactId>
                        <version>${junit-jupiter.version}</version>
                    </dependency>
                </dependencies>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

现在mvn test编译并运行JUnit 4和JUnit 5测试.

注1：junit-vintage-engine(4.12.1)和junit(4.12)依赖项没有指定相同的确切版本.
这根本不是问题：

>他们的释放与他们之间没有关系
> junit-vintage-engine旨在运行任何JUnit 3或4测试.

注2：带有2.19.1版本的maven-surefire-plugin对于编译JUnit 5测试类或JUnit 4和JUnit 5测试类都很重要.
下一版本的插件在JUnit 5测试执行期间确实会导致一些异常,但2.22.0最终解决了这个问题(参见答案的第一部分：“更新：来自Maven Surefire 2.22.0”).

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