文章目录
0 写在前面
环境：
- mac catalina 10.15.1
- python 3.7.5
- tkinter 8.6
1 问题描述
运行如下demo时，
import tkinter as tk # Python 3.x Version
root = tk.Tk()
label = tk.Label(root, text="Hello 世界!") # Create a text label
label.pack(padx=20, pady=20) # Pack it into the window
root.mainloop()
可能会出现如下问题，
The system version of Tk is deprecated and may be removed in a future release. Please don't rely on it. Set TK SILENCE DEPRECATION=1 to suppress this warning.
这是因为版本和mac自带的tcl/tk版本不对应造成的，对应版本参考链接1
1 解决办法
对于homebrew安装的python3，以下命令不再支持
brew install python3 --with-tcl-tk
也有如下方法
brew install tcl-tk
或者直接去下载avtiveTcl的，但是下载之后python3还是会连接mac系统(catalina 10.15.1)自带的tcl8.5版本
于是费了九牛二虎之力终于找到解决方法
1.1 首先确保卸载python3
brew uninstall python3
brew cleanup
1.2 然后安装xcode
xcode-select --install
brew update
1.3 替换ruby脚本
将“/usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/homebrew/homebrew-core/Formula/python.rb”路径下的脚本替换为如下，记得备份
class Python < Formula
desc "Interpreted, interactive, object-oriented programming language"
homepage "https://www.python.org/"
url "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.5/Python-3.7.5.tar.xz"
sha256 "e85a76ea9f3d6c485ec1780fca4e500725a4a7bbc63c78ebc44170de9b619d94"
head "https://github.com/python/cpython.git"
bottle do
sha256 "25e0099852136c4ef1efd221247d0f67aa71f7b624211b98898f8b46c612f40d" => :mojave
sha256 "b65fecb4bb8350359488d6ca4c0a5a343f658f424d101a45e28d5a72de7f455c" => :high_sierra
sha256 "b07ec3a40f58fa317e1bb937992dc0dca7d60812c60de99bde14fbadb6c27cc5" => :sierra
end
# setuptools remembers the build flags python is built with and uses them to
# build packages later. Xcode-only systems need different flags.
pour_bottle? do
reason <<~EOS
The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed.
You can install them, if desired, with:
xcode-select --install
EOS
satisfy { MacOS::CLT.installed? }
end
depends_on "pkg-config" => :build
depends_on "gdbm"
depends_on "openssl"
depends_on "readline"
depends_on "sqlite"
depends_on "xz"
depends_on "tcl-tk" # as apple's one is shiiiiite
skip_clean "bin/pip3", "bin/pip-3.4", "bin/pip-3.5", "bin/pip-3.6", "bin/pip-3.7"
skip_clean "bin/easy_install3", "bin/easy_install-3.4", "bin/easy_install-3.5", "bin/easy_install-3.6", "bin/easy_install-3.7"
resource "setuptools" do
url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/c2/f7/c7b501b783e5a74cf1768bc174ee4fb0a8a6ee5af6afa92274ff964703e0/setuptools-40.8.0.zip"
sha256 "6e4eec90337e849ade7103723b9a99631c1f0d19990d6e8412dc42f5ae8b304d"
end
resource "pip" do
url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/36/fa/51ca4d57392e2f69397cd6e5af23da2a8d37884a605f9e3f2d3bfdc48397/pip-19.0.3.tar.gz"
sha256 "6e6f197a1abfb45118dbb878b5c859a0edbdd33fd250100bc015b67fded4b9f2"
end
resource "wheel" do
url "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/b7/cf/1ea0f5b3ce55cacde1e84cdde6cee1ebaff51bd9a3e6c7ba4082199af6f6/wheel-0.33.1.tar.gz"
sha256 "66a8fd76f28977bb664b098372daef2b27f60dc4d1688cfab7b37a09448f0e9d"
end
# Homebrew's tcl-tk is built in a standard unix fashion (due to link errors)
# so we have to stop python from searching for frameworks and linking against
# X11.
patch :DATA
def install
# Unset these so that installing pip and setuptools puts them where we want
# and not into some other Python the user has installed.
ENV["PYTHONHOME"] = nil
ENV["PYTHONPATH"] = nil
xy = (buildpath/"configure.ac").read.slice(/PYTHON_VERSION, (3\.\d)/, 1)
lib_cellar = prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/python#{xy}"
args = %W[
--prefix=#{prefix}
--enable-ipv6
--datarootdir=#{share}
--datadir=#{share}
--enable-framework=#{frameworks}
--enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
--without-ensurepip
--with-dtrace
--with-openssl=#{Formula["openssl"].opt_prefix}
]
args << "--without-gcc" if ENV.compiler == :clang
cflags = []
ldflags = []
cppflags = []
if MacOS.sdk_path_if_needed
# Help Python's build system (setuptools/pip) to build things on SDK-based systems
# The setup.py looks at "-isysroot" to get the sysroot (and not at --sysroot)
cflags << "-isysroot #{MacOS.sdk_path}" << "-I#{MacOS.sdk_path}/usr/include"
ldflags << "-isysroot #{MacOS.sdk_path}"
# For the Xlib.h, Python needs this header dir with the system Tk
# Yep, this needs the absolute path where zlib needed a path relative
# to the SDK.
# as external tck is added later on uncomment this
# cflags << "-I#{MacOS.sdk_path}/System/Library/Frameworks/Tk.framework/Versions/8.5/Headers"
end
# Avoid linking to libgcc https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2012-February/116205.html
args << "MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=#{MacOS.version}"
# We want our readline! This is just to outsmart the detection code,
# superenv makes cc always find includes/libs!
inreplace "setup.py",
"do_readline = self.compiler.find_library_file(lib_dirs, 'readline')",
"do_readline = '#{Formula["readline"].opt_lib}/libhistory.dylib'"
inreplace "setup.py" do |s|
s.gsub! "sqlite_setup_debug = False", "sqlite_setup_debug = True"
s.gsub! "for d_ in inc_dirs + sqlite_inc_paths:",
"for d_ in ['#{Formula["sqlite"].opt_include}']:"
end
# Allow python modules to use ctypes.find_library to find homebrew's stuff
# even if homebrew is not a /usr/local/lib. Try this with:
# `brew install enchant && pip install pyenchant`
inreplace "./Lib/ctypes/macholib/dyld.py" do |f|
f.gsub! "DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FALLBACK = [", "DEFAULT_LIBRARY_FALLBACK = [ '#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/lib',"
f.gsub! "DEFAULT_FRAMEWORK_FALLBACK = [", "DEFAULT_FRAMEWORK_FALLBACK = [ '#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/Frameworks',"
end
# ADD tcl-tk include / lib paths
tcl_tk = Formula["tcl-tk"].opt_prefix
cppflags << "-I#{tcl_tk}/include"
ldflags << "-L#{tcl_tk}/lib"
args << "CFLAGS=#{cflags.join(" ")}" unless cflags.empty?
args << "LDFLAGS=#{ldflags.join(" ")}" unless ldflags.empty?
args << "CPPFLAGS=#{cppflags.join(" ")}" unless cppflags.empty?
system "./configure", *args
system "make"
ENV.deparallelize do
# Tell Python not to install into /Applications (default for framework builds)
system "make", "install", "PYTHONAPPSDIR=#{prefix}"
system "make", "frameworkinstallextras", "PYTHONAPPSDIR=#{pkgshare}"
end
# Any .app get a " 3" attached, so it does not conflict with python 2.x.
Dir.glob("#{prefix}/*.app") { |app| mv app, app.sub(/\.app$/, " 3.app") }
# Prevent third-party packages from building against fragile Cellar paths
inreplace Dir[lib_cellar/"**/_sysconfigdata_m_darwin_darwin.py",
lib_cellar/"config*/Makefile",
frameworks/"Python.framework/Versions/3*/lib/pkgconfig/python-3.?.pc"],
prefix, opt_prefix
# Help third-party packages find the Python framework
inreplace Dir[lib_cellar/"config*/Makefile"],
/^LINKFORSHARED=(.*)PYTHONFRAMEWORKDIR(.*)/,
"LINKFORSHARED=\\1PYTHONFRAMEWORKINSTALLDIR\\2"
# Fix for https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-core/issues/21212
inreplace Dir[lib_cellar/"**/_sysconfigdata_m_darwin_darwin.py"],
%r{('LINKFORSHARED': .*?)'(Python.framework/Versions/3.\d+/Python)'}m,
"\\1'#{opt_prefix}/Frameworks/\\2'"
# A fix, because python and python3 both want to install Python.framework
# and therefore we can't link both into HOMEBREW_PREFIX/Frameworks
# https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew/issues/15943
["Headers", "Python", "Resources"].each { |f| rm(prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/#{f}") }
rm prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/Current"
# Symlink the pkgconfig files into HOMEBREW_PREFIX so they're accessible.
(lib/"pkgconfig").install_symlink Dir["#{frameworks}/Python.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/pkgconfig/*"]
# Remove the site-packages that Python created in its Cellar.
(prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/python#{xy}/site-packages").rmtree
%w[setuptools pip wheel].each do |r|
(libexec/r).install resource(r)
end
# Install unversioned symlinks in libexec/bin.
{
"idle" => "idle3",
"pydoc" => "pydoc3",
"python" => "python3",
"python-config" => "python3-config",
}.each do |unversioned_name, versioned_name|
(libexec/"bin").install_symlink (bin/versioned_name).realpath => unversioned_name
end
end
def post_install
ENV.delete "PYTHONPATH"
xy = (prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions").children.min.basename.to_s
site_packages = HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"lib/python#{xy}/site-packages"
site_packages_cellar = prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/python#{xy}/site-packages"
# Fix up the site-packages so that user-installed Python software survives
# minor updates, such as going from 3.3.2 to 3.3.3:
# Create a site-packages in HOMEBREW_PREFIX/lib/python#{xy}/site-packages
site_packages.mkpath
# Symlink the prefix site-packages into the cellar.
site_packages_cellar.unlink if site_packages_cellar.exist?
site_packages_cellar.parent.install_symlink site_packages
# Write our sitecustomize.py
rm_rf Dir["#{site_packages}/sitecustomize.py[co]"]
(site_packages/"sitecustomize.py").atomic_write(sitecustomize)
# Remove old setuptools installations that may still fly around and be
# listed in the easy_install.pth. This can break setuptools build with
# zipimport.ZipImportError: bad local file header
# setuptools-0.9.8-py3.3.egg
rm_rf Dir["#{site_packages}/setuptools*"]
rm_rf Dir["#{site_packages}/distribute*"]
rm_rf Dir["#{site_packages}/pip[-_.][0-9]*", "#{site_packages}/pip"]
%w[setuptools pip wheel].each do |pkg|
(libexec/pkg).cd do
system bin/"python3", "-s", "setup.py", "--no-user-cfg", "install",
"--force", "--verbose", "--install-scripts=#{bin}",
"--install-lib=#{site_packages}",
"--single-version-externally-managed",
"--record=installed.txt"
end
end
rm_rf [bin/"pip", bin/"easy_install"]
mv bin/"wheel", bin/"wheel3"
# Install unversioned symlinks in libexec/bin.
{
"easy_install" => "easy_install-#{xy}",
"pip" => "pip3",
"wheel" => "wheel3",
}.each do |unversioned_name, versioned_name|
(libexec/"bin").install_symlink (bin/versioned_name).realpath => unversioned_name
end
# post_install happens after link
%W[pip3 pip#{xy} easy_install-#{xy} wheel3].each do |e|
(HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"bin").install_symlink bin/e
end
# Help distutils find brewed stuff when building extensions
include_dirs = [HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"include", Formula["openssl"].opt_include,
Formula["sqlite"].opt_include]
library_dirs = [HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"lib", Formula["openssl"].opt_lib,
Formula["sqlite"].opt_lib]
# Again tcl-tk
include_dirs << Formula["tcl-tk"].opt_include
library_dirs << Formula["tcl-tk"].opt_lib
cfg = prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/python#{xy}/distutils/distutils.cfg"
cfg.atomic_write <<~EOS
[install]
prefix=#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}
[build_ext]
include_dirs=#{include_dirs.join ":"}
library_dirs=#{library_dirs.join ":"}
EOS
end
def sitecustomize
xy = (prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions").children.min.basename.to_s
<<~EOS
# This file is created by Homebrew and is executed on each python startup.
# Don't print from here, or else python command line scripts may fail!
# <https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python>
import re
import os
import sys
if sys.version_info[0] != 3:
# This can only happen if the user has set the PYTHONPATH for 3.x and run Python 2.x or vice versa.
# Every Python looks at the PYTHONPATH variable and we can't fix it here in sitecustomize.py,
# because the PYTHONPATH is evaluated after the sitecustomize.py. Many modules (e.g. PyQt4) are
# built only for a specific version of Python and will fail with cryptic error messages.
# In the end this means: Don't set the PYTHONPATH permanently if you use different Python versions.
exit('Your PYTHONPATH points to a site-packages dir for Python 3.x but you are running Python ' +
str(sys.version_info[0]) + '.x!\\n PYTHONPATH is currently: "' + str(os.environ['PYTHONPATH']) + '"\\n' +
' You should `unset PYTHONPATH` to fix this.')
# Only do this for a brewed python:
if os.path.realpath(sys.executable).startswith('#{rack}'):
# Shuffle /Library site-packages to the end of sys.path
library_site = '/Library/Python/#{xy}/site-packages'
library_packages = [p for p in sys.path if p.startswith(library_site)]
sys.path = [p for p in sys.path if not p.startswith(library_site)]
# .pth files have already been processed so don't use addsitedir
sys.path.extend(library_packages)
# the Cellar site-packages is a symlink to the HOMEBREW_PREFIX
# site_packages; prefer the shorter paths
long_prefix = re.compile(r'#{rack}/[0-9\._abrc]+/Frameworks/Python\.framework/Versions/#{xy}/lib/python#{xy}/site-packages')
sys.path = [long_prefix.sub('#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"lib/python#{xy}/site-packages"}', p) for p in sys.path]
# Set the sys.executable to use the opt_prefix, unless explicitly set
# with PYTHONEXECUTABLE:
if 'PYTHONEXECUTABLE' not in os.environ:
sys.executable = '#{opt_bin}/python#{xy}'
EOS
end
def caveats
if prefix.exist?
xy = (prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions").children.min.basename.to_s
else
xy = version.to_s.slice(/(3\.\d)/) || "3.7"
end
<<~EOS
Python has been installed as
#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX}/bin/python3
Unversioned symlinks `python`, `python-config`, `pip` etc. pointing to
`python3`, `python3-config`, `pip3` etc., respectively, have been installed into
#{opt_libexec}/bin
If you need Homebrew's Python 2.7 run
brew install python@2
You can install Python packages with
pip3 install <package>
They will install into the site-package directory
#{HOMEBREW_PREFIX/"lib/python#{xy}/site-packages"}
See: https://docs.brew.sh/Homebrew-and-Python
EOS
end
test do
xy = (prefix/"Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions").children.min.basename.to_s
# Check if sqlite is ok, because we build with --enable-loadable-sqlite-extensions
# and it can occur that building sqlite silently fails if OSX's sqlite is used.
system "#{bin}/python#{xy}", "-c", "import sqlite3"
# Check if some other modules import. Then the linked libs are working.
system "#{bin}/python#{xy}", "-c", "import tkinter; root = tkinter.Tk()"
system "#{bin}/python#{xy}", "-c", "import _gdbm"
system "#{bin}/python#{xy}", "-c", "import zlib"
system bin/"pip3", "list", "--format=columns"
end
end
__END__
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 2779658..902d0eb 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1699,9 +1699,6 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):
# Rather than complicate the code below, detecting and building
# AquaTk is a separate method. Only one Tkinter will be built on
# Darwin - either AquaTk, if it is found, or X11 based Tk.
- if (host_platform == 'darwin' and
- self.detect_tkinter_darwin(inc_dirs, lib_dirs)):
- return
# Assume we haven't found any of the libraries or include files
# The versions with dots are used on Unix, and the versions without
@@ -1747,22 +1744,6 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):
if dir not in include_dirs:
include_dirs.append(dir)
- # Check for various platform-specific directories
- if host_platform == 'sunos5':
- include_dirs.append('/usr/openwin/include')
- added_lib_dirs.append('/usr/openwin/lib')
- elif os.path.exists('/usr/X11R6/include'):
- include_dirs.append('/usr/X11R6/include')
- added_lib_dirs.append('/usr/X11R6/lib64')
- added_lib_dirs.append('/usr/X11R6/lib')
- elif os.path.exists('/usr/X11R5/include'):
- include_dirs.append('/usr/X11R5/include')
- added_lib_dirs.append('/usr/X11R5/lib')
- else:
- # Assume default location for X11
- include_dirs.append('/usr/X11/include')
- added_lib_dirs.append('/usr/X11/lib')
-
# If Cygwin, then verify that X is installed before proceeding
if host_platform == 'cygwin':
x11_inc = find_file('X11/Xlib.h', [], include_dirs)
@@ -1786,10 +1767,6 @@ class PyBuildExt(build_ext):
if host_platform in ['aix3', 'aix4']:
libs.append('ld')
- # Finally, link with the X11 libraries (not appropriate on cygwin)
- if host_platform != "cygwin":
- libs.append('X11')
-
ext = Extension('_tkinter', ['_tkinter.c', 'tkappinit.c'],
define_macros=[('WITH_APPINIT', 1)] + defs,
include_dirs = include_dirs,
以上是安装的python3.7.5，针对不同版本例如版本3.7.4，首先替换第4行的url
url "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.5/Python-3.7.5.tar.xz"
url "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tar.xz"//针对python3.7.4
然后输入上面网址"https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.4/Python-3.7.4.tar.xz"下载xz文件到桌面，
然后终端运行如下就能获取匹配相应python版本的sha256值
openssl dgst -sha256 /Desktop/Python-3.7.4.tar.xz
然后替换第5行的sha256 "e85a76ea9f3d6c485ec1780fca4e500725a4a7bbc63c78ebc44170de9b619d94"就行了
1.4 安装 python
终端输入如下命令，等待安装完成即可
HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1 brew install --build-from-source python
1.5 检验
首先记得设置brew安装的python默认路径，然后终端因此输入如下命令
python3
import tkinter
tkinter.TkVersion
就能看到输出python3对应的tcl8.6版本啦