注意:这篇博客是自己学完发送邮箱之后的一个小总结,不适合新手拿来学习用!
分为三步:
1.邮箱的设置:在你使用的邮箱内启用客户端SMTP服务
2.Spring Email:导入jar包;邮箱参数配置;使用JavaMailSender发送邮件
3.模板引擎:使用Thymeleaf发送HTML邮件
1.首先发送邮件需要一个代理发送邮件的邮箱,启用SMTP服务:
改图是使用的新浪邮箱:
2.在pom.xml中导入jar包(spring-boot-starter-mail):
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
<version>2.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
在项目的配置文件中配置代理发送邮件的邮箱属性:
1 spring.mail.host=smtp.sina.com 2 spring.mail.port=465 3 spring.mail.username=#这里填邮箱地址 4 spring.mail.password=#这里填邮箱的授权码5 spring.mail.protocol=smtps 6 spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.ssl.enable=true
然后使用JavaMailSender发送邮件:
1 import org.slf4j.Logger;
2 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
3 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
5 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
6 import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
7 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
8
9 import javax.mail.MessagingException;
10 import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
11
12 @Component
13 public class MailClient {
14
15 private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MailClient.class);
16
17 @Autowired
18 private JavaMailSender mailSender;
19
20 @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
21 private String from;
22
23 public void sendMail(String to,String subject,String content){
24 try {
25 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
26 MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message);
27 helper.setFrom(from);
28 helper.setTo(to);
29 helper.setSubject(subject);
30 helper.setText(content,true);
31 mailSender.send(helper.getMimeMessage());
32 } catch (MessagingException e) {
33 logger.error("发送邮箱失败:"+e.getMessage());
34 }
35
36 }
37 }
这里看JavaMailSender源码就可以发现这个JavaMailSender只做两件事情
创建MimeMessage还有发送邮件,如下代码:
1 public interface JavaMailSender extends MailSender {
2 MimeMessage createMimeMessage();
3
4 MimeMessage createMimeMessage(InputStream var1) throws MailException;
5
6 void send(MimeMessage var1) throws MailException;
7
8 void send(MimeMessage... var1) throws MailException;
9
10 void send(MimeMessagePreparator var1) throws MailException;
11
12 void send(MimeMessagePreparator... var1) throws MailException;
13 }
使用JavaMailSender创建MimeMessage之后可以使用一个名为MimeMessageHelper的类来set参数,然后用JavaMailSender执行发送方法.
1 MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage(); 2 MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message); 3 helper.setFrom(from); 4 helper.setTo(to); 5 helper.setSubject(subject); 6 helper.setText(content,true); 7 mailSender.send(helper.getMimeMessage());
3.使用Thymeleaf模板引擎发送HTML格式的邮件
在templates下创建一个html:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>邮箱示例</title>
6 </head>
7 <body>
8 <p>欢迎你,<span style="color: red" th:text="${username}"></span>!</p>
9 </body>
10 </html>
在测试类中测试:
1 import com.nowcoder.community.util.MailClient;
2 import org.junit.Test;
3 import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
4 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
5 import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
6 import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
7 import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
8 import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
9 import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
10
11
12 @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
13 @SpringBootTest
14 @ContextConfiguration(classes = CommunityApplication.class)
15 public class MailTests {
16
17 @Autowired
18 private MailClient mailClient;
19
20 @Autowired
21 private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
22
23 @Test
24 public void testHtmlMail(){
25 Context context = new Context();
26 context.setVariable("username","sunday");
27
28 String content = templateEngine.process("/mail/demo",context);
29 System.out.println(content);
30
31 mailClient.sendMail("目标邮箱","邮件标题","邮件内容");
32 }
33 }
测试之后邮箱就会发送给目标邮箱!