测试环境：Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

1. 到protobuf的release页面
   
   下载源码：https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/releases/download/v3.6.1/protobuf-all-3.6.1.tar.gz

2. 安装编译依赖

   sudo apt-get install autoconf automake libtool curl make g++ unzip
   

3. 解压、编译、安装（测试时是非root帐号，所以install时需要sudo）

   tar -xvf protobuf-all-3.6.1.tar.gz
   
   cd protobuf-3.6.1
   
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/protobuf
   
   make
   
   make check
   
   sudo make install
   

4. 配置1：环境变量（参考链接）

   vim /etc/profile
   
   添加两行：
   
   export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/protobuf/bin/
   
   export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/protobuf/lib/pkgconfig/
   
   source /etc/profile
   
   ~/.profile中也添加上面两行
   

5. 配置2：动态链接库

   cd /etc/ld.so.conf.d/
   
   sudo vi protobuf.conf
   
   添加一行：
   
   /usr/local/protobuf/lib
   
   ldconfig
   

6. 确认版本

   $ protoc --version
   
   libprotoc 3.6.1
   

7. 验证（转自）
   
   vi message.proto

   syntax = "proto3";
   
   message Person {
   
       int32 id = 1;
   
       string name = 2;
   
       repeated Phone phone = 4;
   
       enum PhoneType {
   
           MOBILE = 0;
   
           HOME = 1;
   
           WORK = 2;
   
       }
   
       message Phone {
   
          string number = 1;
   
          PhoneType type = 2;
   
       }
   
   }
   

   protoc --java_out=./java ./proto/message.proto

8. java代码验证
   
   
   
   maven引入：

    <dependency>
   
        <groupId>com.google.protobuf</groupId>
   
        <artifactId>protobuf-java-util</artifactId>
   
        <version>3.6.1</version>
   
    </dependency>
   

   gradle引入：

   compile 'com.google.protobuf:protobuf-java:3.6.1'
   

   java代码

    import com.google.protobuf.InvalidProtocolBufferException;
   
    import java.util.Arrays;
   
    import java.util.List;
   
    public class App {
   
        public static void main(String[] args) {
   
            Message.Person.Builder personBuilder = Message.Person.newBuilder();
   
            personBuilder.setId(12345678);
   
            personBuilder.setName("Admin");
   
            personBuilder.addPhone(Message.Person.Phone.newBuilder().setNumber("10010").setType(Message.Person.PhoneType.MOBILE));
   
            personBuilder.addPhone(Message.Person.Phone.newBuilder().setNumber("10086").setType(Message.Person.PhoneType.HOME));
   
            personBuilder.addPhone(Message.Person.Phone.newBuilder().setNumber("10000").setType(Message.Person.PhoneType.WORK));
   
            Message.Person person = personBuilder.build();
   
            byte[] buff = person.toByteArray();
   
            try {
   
                Message.Person personOut = Message.Person.parseFrom(buff);
   
                System.out.printf("Id:%d, Name:%s\n", personOut.getId(), personOut.getName());
   
                List<Message.Person.Phone> phoneList = personOut.getPhoneList();
   
                for (Message.Person.Phone phone : phoneList) {
   
                    System.out.printf("PhoneNumber:%s (%s)\n", phone.getNumber(), phone.getType());
   
                }
   
            } catch (InvalidProtocolBufferException e) {
   
                e.printStackTrace();
   
            }
   
            System.out.println(Arrays.toString(buff));
   
        }
   
    }
   

其他

1. Google Protocol Buffer 的使用和原理
2. 序列化性能比较