【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有

前言

之所以了解到了这个,是因为使用了一个包依赖了tqdm,然后好奇就查了一下。对于python中的进度条也是经常使用的,例如包的安装,一些模型的训练也会通过进度条的方式体现在模型训练的进度。总之,使用进度条能够更加锦上添花,提升使用体验吧。至于更多tqdm内容可以参考tqdm官网下面就来看看吧。
【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有

1 简单了解

先来看看效果,使用循环显示一个智能的进度条-只需用tqdm(iterable)包装任何可迭代就可完成,如下:
【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有
相关代码如下:

import tqdm
import time


for i in tqdm.tqdm(range(1000)):
    time.sleep(0.1)

官方也给了一张图,来看看:
【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有

看起来还不错吧,现在我们详细地了解一下。

2 使用

安装就不用说了,使用pip install tqdm即可。tqdm主要有以下三种用法。

2.1 基于迭代器的(iterable-based)

使用案例如下,使用tqdm()传入任何可迭代的参数:

from tqdm import tqdm
from time import sleep


text = ""
for char in tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"]):
    sleep(0.25)
    text = text + char

tqdm(range(i))的一个特殊优化案例:

from time import sleep
from tqdm import trange

for i in trange(100):
    sleep(0.01)

这样就可以不同传入range(100)这样的迭代器了,trange()自己去构建。
除此之外,可以用tqdm()在循环外手动控制一个可迭代类型,如下:

pbar = tqdm(["a", "b", "c", "d"])
for char in pbar:
    sleep(0.25)
    pbar.set_description("Processing %s" % char)

这里还使用了.set_description(),结果如下:

Processing d: 100%|██████████| 4/4 [00:01<00:00,  3.99it/s]

相关参数容后再介绍。

2.2 手工操作(Manual)

使用with语句手动控制tqdm的更新,可以根据具体任务来更新进度条的进度。

with tqdm(total=100) as pbar:
    for i in range(10):
        sleep(0.1)
        pbar.update(10)

当然with这个语句想必大家都知道(想想使用with打开文件就知道了),也可以不使用with进行,则有如下操作:

pbar = tqdm(total=100)
for i in range(10):
    sleep(0.1)
    pbar.update(10)
pbar.close()

那么这个时候,就不要忘了在结束后关闭,或者del tqdm对象了。

2.3 模块(Module)

也许tqdm的最妙用法是在脚本中或在命令行中。只需在管道之间插入tqdm(或python -m tqdm),即可将所有stdin传递到stdout,同时将进度打印到stderr。具体如何操作,我们来看看,下面也是官方给出的例子。
以下示例演示了对当前目录中所有Python文件中的行数进行计数,其中包括计时信息。(为了能够在windows系统中使用linux命令,这是使用git打开),也是当前项目路径。

time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | wc -l

【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有
linux命令补充: timefind(-exec 使用其后参数操作查找到的文件);wc.
使用tqdm命令来试一试:

time find . -name '*.py' -type f -exec cat \{} \; | tqdm | wc -l

则有:
【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有
注意,也可以指定tqdm的常规参数。如下:
【Python】Python进度条tqdm你值得拥有
就暂时说到这吧,感觉内容有点超纲了,如果对tqdm有兴趣的话可以访问官方文档深入了解。

3 参数

官方的类初始化代码如下:

class tqdm():
  """
  Decorate an iterable object, returning an iterator which acts exactly
  like the original iterable, but prints a dynamically updating
  progressbar every time a value is requested.
  """

  def __init__(self, iterable=None, desc=None, total=None, leave=True,
               file=None, ncols=None, mininterval=0.1,
               maxinterval=10.0, miniters=None, ascii=None, disable=False,
               unit='it', unit_scale=False, dynamic_ncols=False,
               smoothing=0.3, bar_format=None, initial=0, position=None,
               postfix=None, unit_divisor=1000):

官方对各个参数介绍如下:

Parameters
        ----------
        iterable  : iterable, optional
            Iterable to decorate with a progressbar.
            Leave blank to manually manage the updates.
        desc  : str, optional
            Prefix for the progressbar.
        total  : int, optional
            The number of expected iterations. If unspecified,
            len(iterable) is used if possible. If float("inf") or as a last
            resort, only basic progress statistics are displayed
            (no ETA, no progressbar).
            If `gui` is True and this parameter needs subsequent updating,
            specify an initial arbitrary large positive integer,
            e.g. int(9e9).
        leave  : bool, optional
            If [default: True], keeps all traces of the progressbar
            upon termination of iteration.
        file  : `io.TextIOWrapper` or `io.StringIO`, optional
            Specifies where to output the progress messages
            (default: sys.stderr). Uses `file.write(str)` and `file.flush()`
            methods.  For encoding, see `write_bytes`.
        ncols  : int, optional
            The width of the entire output message. If specified,
            dynamically resizes the progressbar to stay within this bound.
            If unspecified, attempts to use environment width. The
            fallback is a meter width of 10 and no limit for the counter and
            statistics. If 0, will not print any meter (only stats).
        mininterval  : float, optional
            Minimum progress display update interval [default: 0.1] seconds.
        maxinterval  : float, optional
            Maximum progress display update interval [default: 10] seconds.
            Automatically adjusts `miniters` to correspond to `mininterval`
            after long display update lag. Only works if `dynamic_miniters`
            or monitor thread is enabled.
        miniters  : int, optional
            Minimum progress display update interval, in iterations.
            If 0 and `dynamic_miniters`, will automatically adjust to equal
            `mininterval` (more CPU efficient, good for tight loops).
            If > 0, will skip display of specified number of iterations.
            Tweak this and `mininterval` to get very efficient loops.
            If your progress is erratic with both fast and slow iterations
            (network, skipping items, etc) you should set miniters=1.
        ascii  : bool or str, optional
            If unspecified or False, use unicode (smooth blocks) to fill
            the meter. The fallback is to use ASCII characters " 123456789#".
        disable  : bool, optional
            Whether to disable the entire progressbar wrapper
            [default: False]. If set to None, disable on non-TTY.
        unit  : str, optional
            String that will be used to define the unit of each iteration
            [default: it].
        unit_scale  : bool or int or float, optional
            If 1 or True, the number of iterations will be reduced/scaled
            automatically and a metric prefix following the
            International System of Units standard will be added
            (kilo, mega, etc.) [default: False]. If any other non-zero
            number, will scale `total` and `n`.
        dynamic_ncols  : bool, optional
            If set, constantly alters `ncols` to the environment (allowing
            for window resizes) [default: False].
        smoothing  : float, optional
            Exponential moving average smoothing factor for speed estimates
            (ignored in GUI mode). Ranges from 0 (average speed) to 1
            (current/instantaneous speed) [default: 0.3].
        bar_format  : str, optional
            Specify a custom bar string formatting. May impact performance.
            [default: '{l_bar}{bar}{r_bar}'], where
            l_bar='{desc}: {percentage:3.0f}%|' and
            r_bar='| {n_fmt}/{total_fmt} [{elapsed}<{remaining}, '
              '{rate_fmt}{postfix}]'
            Possible vars: l_bar, bar, r_bar, n, n_fmt, total, total_fmt,
              percentage, rate, rate_fmt, rate_noinv, rate_noinv_fmt,
              rate_inv, rate_inv_fmt, elapsed, elapsed_s, remaining,
              remaining_s, desc, postfix, unit.
            Note that a trailing ": " is automatically removed after {desc}
            if the latter is empty.
        initial  : int, optional
            The initial counter value. Useful when restarting a progress
            bar [default: 0].
        position  : int, optional
            Specify the line offset to print this bar (starting from 0)
            Automatic if unspecified.
            Useful to manage multiple bars at once (eg, from threads).
        postfix  : dict or *, optional
            Specify additional stats to display at the end of the bar.
            Calls `set_postfix(**postfix)` if possible (dict).
        unit_divisor  : float, optional
            [default: 1000], ignored unless `unit_scale` is True.
        write_bytes  : bool, optional
            If (default: None) and `file` is unspecified,
            bytes will be written in Python 2. If `True` will also write
            bytes. In all other cases will default to unicode.
        gui  : bool, optional
            WARNING: internal parameter - do not use.
            Use tqdm_gui(...) instead. If set, will attempt to use
            matplotlib animations for a graphical output [default: False].

更多功能则可根据以上参数发挥你的想象力了。

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