1 Spring的概念
1.1 Spring框架的概述
-
Spring是轻量级的开源的JavaEE框架。
-
Spring框架可以解决企业应用开发的复杂性。
-
Spring框架有两个核心部分:IOC和AOP。
- IOC:控制反转,把创建对象的过程交给Spring进行管理。
- AOP:面向切面,在不修改源代码的情况下进行功能的增强。
-
Spring框架的特点:
- 方便解耦,简化开发。
- AOP编程的支持。
- 方便程序的测试。
- 方便集成各种优秀框架。
- 降低JavaEE API的使用难度。
- 声明式事务的支持。
- Spring框架是Java源码学习的经典范例。
1.2 Spring框架的入门案例
1.2.1 导入Spring5相关jar包的Maven坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
1.2.2 创建普通类
- User.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class User {
public void add(){
System.out.println("add......");
}
}
1.2.3 创建Spring的配置文件,在配置文件中配置要创建的对象
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.sunxiaping.User"></bean>
</beans>
1.2.4 测试
- 示例:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//加载配置文件
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//获取配置创建的对象
User user = context.getBean("user", User.class);
user.add();
}
}
2 IOC容器
2.1 概念和原理
2.1.1 什么是IOC?
- IOC(控制反转),把对象的创建和对象之间调用的过程,交给Spring进行管理。
- 使用IOC的目的:为了降低耦合度。
2.1.2 IOC的底层原理
- xml解析、工厂设计模式、反射。
2.2 IOC接口(BeanFactory)
-
IOC思想基于IOC容器完成,IOC容器底层就是对象工厂。
-
Spring提供IOC容器实现的两种方式:
-
BeanFactory:
- IOC容器最基本的实现方式,是Spring内部的使用接口,不提供开发人员进行使用。
- 加载配置文件的时候不会去创建对象,而是在获取对象(或使用对象)的时候才去创建对象。
-
ApplicationContext:
- BeanFactory接口的子接口,提供更多更强大的功能,一般是由开发人员进行使用的。
- 加载配置的文件的时候就会立即创建对象。
- ApplicationContext接口的实现类。
-
2.3 IOC操作Bean管理
2.3.1 什么是Bean管理?
- Bean管理指的是如下的两个操作:
- Spring创建对象。
- Spring注入属性。
2.3.2 Bean管理的操作有两种实现方法
- 基于XML配置文件方式实现。
- 基于注解方式实现。
2.3.3 基于XML方式进行Bean管理的操作
2.3.3.1 基于XML方式创建对象
- 示例:applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
在Spring配置文件中,使用bean标签,标签中添加对应的属性即可,就可以实现对象的创建。
在Bean标签中有很多属性,如下是一些常用的属性:
- id属性:唯一标识。
- class属性:类的全路径。
创建对象的时候,默认是调用的是无参构造方法。
-->
<bean id="user" class="com.sunxiaping.User"></bean>
</beans>
2.2.3.2 基于XML方式注入属性
- DI:依赖注入,就是注入属性。
2.2.3.2.1 创建对象和使用Setter方法进行注入
- 示例:通过Setter方法进行注入
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book">
<!--
使用property完成属性注入
name:类里面属性名称
value:向属性中注入的值
-->
<property name="name" value="红楼梦"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println("book.getName() = " + book.getName());
}
}
2.2.3.2.2 有参构造注入属性
- 示例:使用有参构造方法进行注入
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
public Book(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book" >
<constructor-arg name="name" value="西游记"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println("book.getName() = " + book.getName());
}
}
2.2.3.2.3 p名称空间注入
- 示例:p名称空间注入,可以简化Setter方法注入
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
private Double price;
public Double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book" p:name="红楼梦" p:price="20">
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println("book = " + book);
}
}
2.2.3.2.4 注入null和特殊字符
- 示例:注入null和特殊字符
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
private Double price;
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
public Double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
", address='" + address + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book">
<!--
null值
-->
<property name="name">
<null></null>
</property>
<!-- 属性值包含特殊字符 -->
<property name="address">
<value><![CDATA[<<江苏>>]]]></value>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println("book = " + book);
}
}
2.2.3.2.5 注入属性-外部Bean
- 示例:注入属性-外部Bean
- UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
public void update();
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void update() {
System.out.println("dao update....");
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
public class UserService {
private UserDao userDao;
public UserDao getUserDao() {
return userDao;
}
public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
this.userDao = userDao;
}
public void update(){
System.out.println("service update...");
userDao.update();
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="userDao" class="com.sunxiaping.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"></bean>
<bean id="userService" class="com.sunxiaping.service.UserService">
<property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class UserServiceTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
userService.update();
}
}
2.2.3.2.6 注入属性-内部Bean
- 示例:注入属性-内部Bean(以部门和员工为例)
- Dept.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 部门
*/
public class Dept implements Serializable {
/**
* 部门名称
*/
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dept{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- Employee.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 员工
*/
public class Employee implements Serializable {
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 性别
*/
private String gender;
/**
* 一个员工属于一个部门
*/
private Dept dept;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Dept getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Dept dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", dept=" + dept +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="emp" class="com.sunxiaping.Employee">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
<property name="gender" value="男"/>
<!--
设置内部Bean
-->
<property name="dept">
<bean id="dept" class="com.sunxiaping.Dept">
<property name="name" value="开发部"/>
</bean>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee employee = context.getBean("emp", Employee.class);
System.out.println("employee = " + employee);
}
}
2.2.3.2.7 注入属性-级联赋值
- 示例:注入属性-级联赋值
- Dept.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 部门
*/
public class Dept implements Serializable {
/**
* 部门名称
*/
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dept{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- Employee.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 员工
*/
public class Employee implements Serializable {
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 性别
*/
private String gender;
/**
* 一个员工属于一个部门
*/
private Dept dept = new Dept();
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Dept getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Dept dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", dept=" + dept +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="emp" class="com.sunxiaping.Employee">
<property name="name" value="张三"/>
<property name="gender" value="男"/>
<property name="dept.name" value="测试部"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee employee = context.getBean("emp", Employee.class);
System.out.println("employee = " + employee);
}
}
2.2.3.2.8 注入集合类型属性
-
示例:注入数组类型属性、注入List类型属性、注入Set类型属性、注入Map类型属性
-
Student.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class Student {
private String[] courses;
private List<String> list;
private Map<String, String> map;
private Set<String> set;
public String[] getCourses() {
return courses;
}
public void setCourses(String[] courses) {
this.courses = courses;
}
public List<String> getList() {
return list;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public Map<String, String> getMap() {
return map;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public Set<String> getSet() {
return set;
}
public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
this.set = set;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"courses=" + Arrays.toString(courses) +
", list=" + list +
", map=" + map +
", set=" + set +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="student" class="com.sunxiaping.Student">
<property name="courses">
<array>
<value>Java课程</value>
<value>Linux课程</value>
<value>前端课程</value>
</array>
</property>
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
<value>list3</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
<value>set3</value>
</set>
</property>
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="map-key1" value="map-value1"/>
<entry key="map-key2" value="map-value2"/>
<entry key="map-key2" value="map-value2"/>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println("student = " + student);
}
}
2.2.3.2.9 注入集合对象类型
- 示例:注入集合对象类型
- Course.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Course {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Course{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- Student.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.util.List;
public class Student {
private List<Course> courseList ;
public List<Course> getCourseList() {
return courseList;
}
public void setCourseList(List<Course> courseList) {
this.courseList = courseList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Student{" +
"courseList=" + courseList +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="student" class="com.sunxiaping.Student">
<property name="courseList">
<list>
<ref bean="java"></ref>
<ref bean="php"></ref>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="java" class="com.sunxiaping.Course">
<property name="name" value="java"/>
</bean>
<bean id="php" class="com.sunxiaping.Course">
<property name="name" value="php"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class StudentTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Student student = context.getBean("student", Student.class);
System.out.println("student = " + student);
}
}
2.2.3.2.10 工厂Bean
-
工厂Bean的步骤:
-
①创建类,让这个类作为工厂Bean,实现接口FactoryBean。
-
②实现接口里面的方法,在方法的定义中定义返回的Bean类型。
-
示例:工厂Bean
-
Demo.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Demo {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Demo{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- FactoryBeanDemo.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.FactoryBean;
public class FactoryBeanDemo implements FactoryBean<Demo> {
/**
* 定义返回Bean
*
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
@Override
public Demo getObject() throws Exception {
Demo demo = new Demo();
demo.setName("这是一个Demo");
return demo;
}
@Override
public Class<?> getObjectType() {
return Demo.class;
}
@Override
public boolean isSingleton() {
return false;
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="demo" class="com.sunxiaping.FactoryBeanDemo"></bean>
</beans>
- 示例:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class DemoTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Demo demo = context.getBean("demo", Demo.class);
System.out.println("demo = " + demo);
}
}
2.2.3.3 Bean的作用域
-
在Spring中,可以设置创建Bean实例是单实例还是多实例。
-
在Spring中,默认情况下,Bean是单实例对象。
-
示例:单实例Bean
-
Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book"></bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
Book book2 = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println(book == book2);//true
}
}
- 示例:多实例Bean
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
默认情况下,scope的值是singleton,表示单实例Bean。
如果scope的值是prototype,则表示多实例Bean。
-->
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book" scope="prototype"></bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
Book book2 = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println(book == book2);//false
}
}
singleton和prototype的区别?
①singleton是单实例,prototype是多实例。
②设置scope的值是singleton的时候,加载Spring的配置文件的时候就会创建单实例对象。设置scope的值是prototype的时候,不是在加载Spring的配置文件的时候就会对象,而是在调用getBean()方法的时候创建对象。
2.2.3.4 Bean的生命周期
-
生命周期:从对象的创建到对象的销毁的过程。
-
Bean生命周期:
- ①通过构造器创建Bean实例(默认是通过无参构造器)
- ②为Bean的属性设置值和对其他Bean的引用(调用Setter方法)
- 调用Bean的初始化的方法(需要进行配置初始化的方法)。
- ④使用Bean对象。
- ⑤当容器的关闭的时候,会调用Bean的销毁方法(需要进行配置销毁的方法)。
-
示例:
-
Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
System.out.println("②调用setter方法设置属性值");
this.name = name;
}
public Book() {
System.out.println("①无参构造方法");
}
public void init() {
System.out.println("③这是初始化方法...");
}
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("⑤这是销毁的方法...");
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
init-method配置初始化方法
destroy-method配置销毁方法
-->
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy">
<property name="name" value="哈哈"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
//④调用Bean对象
Book book = context.getBean("book", Book.class);
System.out.println("④调用Bean对象" + book);
//手动调用让容器关闭
context.close();
}
}
-
后置处理器:会在Bean的初始化前后处理,将Bean传递给Bean的后置处理器方法
-
添加后置处理器的Bean的生命周期:
- ①通过构造器创建Bean实例(默认是通过无参构造器)
- ②为Bean的属性设置值和对其他Bean的引用(调用Setter方法)
- ③将Bean实例传递给Bean的后置处理器的方法。
- ④调用Bean的初始化的方法(需要进行配置初始化的方法)。
- ⑤将Bean实例传递给Bean的后置处理器的方法。
- ⑥使用Bean对象。
- ⑦当容器的关闭的时候,会调用Bean的销毁方法(需要进行配置销毁的方法)。
-
示例:只需要让类实现BeanPostProcessor,并重写其中的方法即可。
-
Book.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Book {
public void init(){
System.out.println("Book初始化...");
}
}
- Demo.java
package com.sunxiaping;
public class Demo {
public void init(){
System.out.println("Demo初始化...");
}
}
- MyBeanPostProcessor.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor {
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("初始化前...");
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.out.println("初始化后...");
return bean;
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="book" class="com.sunxiaping.Book" init-method="init" ></bean>
<bean id="demo" class="com.sunxiaping.Demo" init-method="init"></bean>
<!--配置后置处理器-->
<bean id="myBeanPostProcessor" class="com.sunxiaping.MyBeanPostProcessor"></bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class BookTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
}
}
2.3.3.5 自动装配
-
根据指定装配规则(属性名称或属性类型),Spring自动将匹配的属性值进行注入。
-
示例:根据属性名称自动注入
-
Dept.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Dept implements Serializable {
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Dept{}";
}
}
- Employee.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class Employee implements Serializable {
private Dept dept;
public Dept getDept() {
return dept;
}
public void setDept(Dept dept) {
this.dept = dept;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Employee{" +
"dept=" + dept +
'}';
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="dept" class="com.sunxiaping.Dept"></bean>
<!--
实现自动装配
bean标签中有属性autowire:
- 属性值 byName,根据属性名注入,注入Bean的id值要和类属性一致
- 属性值 byType,根据属性类型注入,注入Bean的类型要和类属性类型一致
-->
<bean id="emp" class="com.sunxiaping.Employee" autowire="byName"></bean>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
Employee employee = context.getBean("emp",Employee.class);
System.out.println("employee = " + employee);
}
}
2.3.3.6 外部属性文件
- 示例:通过引入外部属性文件配置数据库连接池
- 导入数据库连接池的Maven坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
- db.properties
jdbc.url=jdgc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc,password=123456
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 引入外部属性文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
2.3.4 基于注解方式进行Bean管理的操作
2.3.4.1 什么是注解?
- 注解是代码的一种特殊标记,注解可以作用在类、方法和属性上面。
- 语法:
@注解名称(属性名称=属性值,属性名称=属性值...)
- 使用注解的目的,是简化XML的配置。
2.3.4.2 Spring针对Bean管理中创建对象提供的注解
- @Component
- @Service
- @Controller
- @Repository
上面的四个注解功能是一样的,都可以用来创建Bean实例。
2.3.4.3 基于注解方式创建对象
- 示例:
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* 在注解里面value属性值可以省略不写,默认值是类名首字母小写
*/
@Service(value = "userService")
public class UserService {
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserService ...");
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--
开启组件扫描
如果扫描多个包,多个包之间使用,隔开
如果扫描多个包,可以使用扫描包的是上层目录
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class EmployeeTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
userService.add();
}
}
2.3.4.4 组件扫描配置
- 示例:applicaitonContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--
默认情况下,如果不加use-default-filters="false",则表示使用默认的filter,而默认的filter是扫描指定包下的所有组件
如果加了use-default-filters="false",则表示不使用默认的filter,自已配置filter
context:include-filter,设置扫描那些内容
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 示例:applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!--
context:exclude-filter 设置不扫描那些内容
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
2.3.4.5 基于注解注入属性
-
Spring注入属性提供的注解:
- @Autowired:根据属性类型进行自动装配。
- @Qualifier:根据属性名称进入注入。
- @Resource:可以根据类型注入,也可以根据名称注入。
- @Value:注入普通类型属性。
-
示例:@Autowired注解的使用
-
UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void add();
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserDaoImpl。。。add。。。");
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
public interface UserService {
void add();
}
- UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//@Autowired按照类型注入
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl...add...");
userDao.add();
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Spring5Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
userService.add();
}
}
- 示例:@Qualifier注解的使用
- UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void add();
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserDaoImpl。。。add。。。");
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
public interface UserService {
void add();
}
- UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//@Qualifier注解按照属性名称注入,其中属性value的值是要注入Bean的id
//@Qualifier注解要和@Autowired配合使用
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value = "userDaoImpl")
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl...add...");
userDao.add();
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Spring5Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
userService.add();
}
}
- 示例:@Resource注解的使用
- UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void add();
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserDaoImpl。。。add。。。");
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
public interface UserService {
void add();
}
- UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//@Resource注解如果不写name属性,那么就是按照类型注入
//@Resource注解如果写name属性,那么就是按照名称注入
@Resource(name = "userDaoImpl")
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl...add...");
userDao.add();
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class Spring5Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
UserService userService = context.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
userService.add();
}
}
2.3.4.6 完全注解开发
-
开发步骤:
- ①创建一个配置类,用来替代applicationContext.xml文件。
- ②测试的时候,使用的是AnnotationConfigApplicationContext,而不是ClassPathXmlApplicationContext。
-
示例:
-
UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
void add();
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserDaoImpl。。。add。。。");
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
public interface UserService {
void add();
}
- UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
//@Resource注解如果不写name属性,那么就是按照类型注入
//@Resource注解如果写name属性,那么就是按照名称注入
@Resource(name = "userDaoImpl")
private UserDao userDao;
@Override
public void add() {
System.out.println("UserServiceImpl...add...");
userDao.add();
}
}
- SpringConfing.java
package com.sunxiaping.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* 配置类,相当于applicationContext.xml
*/
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sunxiaping")
public class SpringConfig {
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.config.SpringConfig;
import com.sunxiaping.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class Spring5Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
UserService userService = context.getBean("userServiceImpl", UserService.class);
userService.add();
}
}
3 AOP
3.1 概念
- 面向切面编程,利用AOP可以对业务逻辑的各个部分进行隔离,从而使得业务逻辑各部分之间的耦合度降低,提高程序的可重用性,同时提高了开发的效率。
3.2 AOP底层原理
-
使用JDK的动态代理。
-
使用CGLIB的动态代理。
-
示例:使用JDK的动态代理
-
UserDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
public interface UserDao {
int add(int a, int b);
String update(String id);
}
- UserDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
@Override
public int add(int a, int b) {
System.out.println("add...执行了");
return a + b;
}
@Override
public String update(String id) {
System.out.println("update...执行了");
return id;
}
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.UserDao;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserDao userDao = new UserDaoImpl();
UserDao proxy = (UserDao) Proxy.newProxyInstance(userDao.getClass().getClassLoader(), userDao.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler() {
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("在" + method.getName() + "之前执行");
Object result = method.invoke(userDao, args);
System.out.println("在" + method.getName() + "之后执行");
return result;
}
});
int result = proxy.add(1, 2);
System.out.println("result = " + result);
String id = proxy.update("1");
System.out.println("id = " + id);
}
}
3.3 AOP术语
- 连接点:类里面那些方法可以被增强,这些方法称为连接点。
- 切入点:实际被真正增强的方法,称为切入点。
- 通知(增强):实际增强的逻辑部分,称为通知(增强)。
- 通知的类型:
- 前置通知。
- 后置通知。
- 环绕通知。
- 异常通知。
- 最终通知。
- 切面:把通知应用到切入点的过程。
3.4 AOP的准备
-
在Spring框架一般基于AspectJ(AspectJ不是Spring的部分,是一个独立的AOP框架,一般把AspectJ和Spring框架一起使用,进行AOP的操作)来实现AOP操作。
-
导入相关jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
-
切入点表达式:
- 作用:对哪个类里面的哪个方法进行增强。
- 语法:
execution([权限修饰符][返回类型][类全路径][方法名称([参数列表])])
-
例子:
- 对com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao类中add方法进行增强:
execution(* com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao.add(..))
- 对com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao类中的所有方法进行增强:
execution(* com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao.*(..))
3.5 AspectJ注解形式应用示例
- 示例:
- 被增强的类User.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 被增强类
*/
@Component
public class User {
public void add(){
System.out.println("add ...");
}
}
- 增强的类,即代理类UserAspect.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 增强的类
*/
@Component
@Aspect //生成代理对象
@Order(1) //在多个增强类对同一个方法进行增强,设置增强类的优先级,@Order中的value属性值越小优先级越高
public class UserAspect {
/**
* 切入点表达式
*/
@Pointcut("execution(* com.sunxiaping.User.add(..))")
public void pointcut() {
}
/**
* 前置通知
*/
@Before(value = "pointcut()")
public void beforeAdd() {
System.out.println("before add ...");
}
/**
* 后置通知
*/
@AfterReturning(value = "pointcut()", returning = "obj")
public void afterReturningAdd(Object obj) {
System.out.println("afterReturning add ..." + obj);
}
/**
* 环绕通知
*/
@Around(value = "pointcut()")
public void aroundAdd(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("环绕之前");
proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
System.out.println("环绕之后");
}
/**
* 异常通知
*/
@AfterThrowing(value = "pointcut()", throwing = "ex")
public void afterThrowingAdd(Exception ex) {
System.out.println("afterThrowing add ..." + ex);
}
/**
* 最终通知
*/
@After(value = "pointcut()")
public void afterAdd() {
System.out.println("after add ...");
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 开启组件扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 开启aspectj生成代理对象 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean(User.class);
user.add();
}
}
3.6 完全使用注解开发AspectJ
- 示例:
- 被增强的类User.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 被增强类
*/
@Component
public class User {
public void add(){
System.out.println("add ...");
}
}
- 增强的类,即代理类UserAspect.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
/**
* 增强的类
*/
@Component
@Aspect //生成代理对象
@Order(1) //在多个增强类对同一个方法进行增强,设置增强类的优先级,@Order中的value属性值越小优先级越高
public class UserAspect {
/**
* 切入点表达式
*/
@Pointcut("execution(* com.sunxiaping.User.add(..))")
public void pointcut() {
}
/**
* 前置通知
*/
@Before(value = "pointcut()")
public void beforeAdd() {
System.out.println("before add ...");
}
/**
* 后置通知
*/
@AfterReturning(value = "pointcut()", returning = "obj")
public void afterReturningAdd(Object obj) {
System.out.println("afterReturning add ..." + obj);
}
/**
* 环绕通知
*/
@Around(value = "pointcut()")
public void aroundAdd(ProceedingJoinPoint proceedingJoinPoint) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("环绕之前");
proceedingJoinPoint.proceed();
System.out.println("环绕之后");
}
/**
* 异常通知
*/
@AfterThrowing(value = "pointcut()", throwing = "ex")
public void afterThrowingAdd(Exception ex) {
System.out.println("afterThrowing add ..." + ex);
}
/**
* 最终通知
*/
@After(value = "pointcut()")
public void afterAdd() {
System.out.println("after add ...");
}
}
- SpringConfig.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Configurable;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.EnableAspectJAutoProxy;
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy(proxyTargetClass = true)
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sunxiaping")
@Configurable
public class SpringConfig {
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
User user = context.getBean(User.class);
user.add();
}
}
3.7 XML形式应用示例
- 被增强的类User.java
package com.sunxiaping;
/**
* 被增强类
*/
public class User {
public void add(){
System.out.println("add ...");
}
}
- 增强的类,即代理类UserAspect.java
package com.sunxiaping;
/**
* 增强的类
*/
public class UserAspect {
/**
* 前置通知
*/
public void beforeAdd() {
System.out.println("before add ...");
}
}
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<bean id="user" class="com.sunxiaping.User"></bean>
<bean id="userAspect" class="com.sunxiaping.UserAspect"></bean>
<!-- 配置aop -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.sunxiaping.User.add(..)))"/>
<!-- 配置切面 -->
<aop:aspect ref="userAspect">
<!-- 配置增强作用在具体的方法上 -->
<aop:before method="beforeAdd" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:before>
</aop:aspect>
</aop:config>
</beans>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
User user = context.getBean(User.class);
user.add();
}
}
4 JdbcTemplate
4.1 概念
- Spring框架对JDBC进行了封装,使用JdbcTemplate方便实现对数据库的操作。
4.2 准备工作
- 导入相关jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- sql语句:
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;
CREATE TABLE `book` (
`id` bigint(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`price` double NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 1 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
- Book.java
package com.sunxiaping.domain;
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 图书
*/
public class Book implements Serializable {
/**
* 主键
*/
private Long id;
/**
* 书名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 价格
*/
private Double price;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getPrice() {
return price;
}
public void setPrice(Double price) {
this.price = price;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Book{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", price=" + price +
'}';
}
}
- db.properties
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.107:33060/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 导入数据库连接信息 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
4.3 JdbcTemplate的CRUD
- BookDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Book;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookDao {
/**
* 新增
*
* @param book
*/
void add(Book book);
/**
* 更新
*
* @param book
*/
void update(Book book);
/**
* 删除
*
* @param id
*/
void delete(Long id);
/**
* 查询个数
*
* @return
*/
Long count();
/**
* 查询所有信息
*
* @return
*/
List<Book> findAll();
/**
* 根据主键查询信息
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
Book findOne(Long id);
}
- BookDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Book;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.BeanPropertyRowMapper;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Repository
public class BookDaoImpl implements BookDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public void add(Book book) {
jdbcTemplate.update(" insert into book (name,price) values (?,?) ", book.getName(), book.getPrice());
}
@Override
public void update(Book book) {
jdbcTemplate.update(" update book set name =?,price =? where id = ? ", book.getName(), book.getPrice(), book.getId());
}
@Override
public void delete(Long id) {
jdbcTemplate.update(" delete from book where id =? ", id);
}
@Override
public Long count() {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(" select count(*) from book ", Long.class);
}
@Override
public List<Book> findAll() {
return jdbcTemplate.query(" select * from book ", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Book.class));
}
@Override
public Book findOne(Long id) {
return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(" select * from book where id = ? ", new BeanPropertyRowMapper<>(Book.class), id);
}
}
- BookService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Book;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookService {
/**
* 新增图书
*
* @param book
*/
void addBook(Book book);
/**
* 更新图书
*
* @param book
*/
void updateBook(Book book);
/**
* 删除图书
*
* @param id
*/
void deleteBook(Long id);
/**
* 查询数据库中有多少本书
*
* @return
*/
Long count();
/**
* 查询图书信息
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
Book view(Long id);
/**
* 查询所有图书信息
*
* @return
*/
List<Book> findAllBookList();
}
- BookServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.BookDao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Book;
import com.sunxiaping.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) {
bookDao.add(book);
}
@Override
public void updateBook(Book book) {
bookDao.update(book);
}
@Override
public void deleteBook(Long id) {
bookDao.delete(id);
}
@Override
public Long count() {
return bookDao.count();
}
@Override
public Book view(Long id) {
return bookDao.findOne(id);
}
@Override
public List<Book> findAllBookList() {
return bookDao.findAll();
}
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Book;
import com.sunxiaping.service.BookService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import java.util.List;
public class Spring5Test {
private ApplicationContext context = null;
private BookService bookService = null;
@Before
public void before() {
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
bookService = context.getBean(BookService.class);
}
@Test
public void testAdd() {
Book book = new Book();
book.setName("西游记");
book.setPrice(20.5);
bookService.addBook(book);
}
@Test
public void testUpdate() {
Book book = new Book();
book.setId(1L);
book.setName("西游记");
book.setPrice(50.0);
bookService.updateBook(book);
}
@Test
public void testDelete() {
bookService.deleteBook(1L);
}
@Test
public void testCount() {
Long count = bookService.count();
System.out.println("count = " + count);
}
@Test
public void testView(){
Book book = bookService.view(1L);
System.out.println("book = " + book);
}
@Test
public void testFindAllBookList(){
List<Book> allBookList = bookService.findAllBookList();
System.out.println("allBookList = " + allBookList);
}
}
5 事务管理
5.1 概念
- 事务是数据库操作最基本的单元,逻辑上的一组操作,要么全部成功,要么全部失败。
5.2 事务的特性
- 原子性
- 一致性
- 隔离性
- 持久性
5.3 准备工作
- account.sql
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `account`;
CREATE TABLE `account` (
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
`username` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '姓名',
`money` double NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '账户余额',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 3 CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Dynamic;
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (1, 'lucy', 1000);
INSERT INTO `account` VALUES (2, 'marry', 1000);
- 导入相关jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.1.23</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.19</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- Account.java
package com.sunxiaping.domain;
/**
* 账户
*/
public class Account {
/**
* 主键
*/
private Long id;
/**
* 姓名
*/
private String name;
/**
* 账户余额
*/
private Double money;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
- db.properties
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.1.107:33060/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
- applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 导入数据库连接信息 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
5.4 事务操作介绍
5.4.1 概述
-
事务添加到JavaEE三层结构中的Service层(业务逻辑层)。
-
在Spring中进行事务管理操作有两种方式:
- 编程式事务管理。
- 声明式事务管理(经常使用)。
-
声明式事务管理:
- 基于注解方式(经常使用)。
- 基于XML配置文件方式。
-
Spring事务管理API
- Spring提供了一个接口,代表事务管理器,这个接口针对不同的框架提供不同的实现类。
-
@Transaction注解可以添加在类上面,也可以放在方法上面。
- 如果添加在类上面,这个类里面的所有的方法都添加了事务。
- 如果添加在方法上面,则这个方法添加了事务。
- 源码:
package org.springframework.transaction.annotation; import java.lang.annotation.Documented; import java.lang.annotation.ElementType; import java.lang.annotation.Inherited; import java.lang.annotation.Retention; import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy; import java.lang.annotation.Target; import org.springframework.core.annotation.AliasFor; @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Inherited @Documented public @interface Transactional { @AliasFor("transactionManager") String value() default ""; @AliasFor("value") String transactionManager() default ""; //传播行为 Propagation propagation() default Propagation.REQUIRED; //事务隔离级别 Isolation isolation() default Isolation.DEFAULT; //超时时间 int timeout() default -1; //是否只读 boolean readOnly() default false; //回滚 Class<? extends Throwable>[] rollbackFor() default {}; String[] rollbackForClassName() default {}; //不回滚 Class<? extends Throwable>[] noRollbackFor() default {}; String[] noRollbackForClassName() default {}; }
-
propagation:事务的传播行为。
- 多事务方法(对数据库表数据进行变化的操作)直接进行调用,这个过程中事务是如何进行管理的。
@Transactional public void add(){ //调用update方法 update(); } public void update(){}
- 属性:
- REQUIRED:
- 如果add方法本身有事务,则调用update方法之后,update使用当前add方法里面的事务。
- 如果add方法本身没有事务,调用update方法之后,会创建新的事务。
- REQUIRED_NEW:
- 使用add方法调用update方法,无论add是否有事务,都会创建新的事务。
- REQUIRED:
-
isolation:事务隔离级别。
- 多事务操作之间不会产生影响。
- 如果不考虑隔离性,会产生脏读、不可重复读、虚读。
- 脏读:一个未提交的事务读到另一个事务未提交的事务(针对update)。
- 不可重复读:一个未提交的事务读到另一个提交事务的修改数据(针对update),前后多次读取,导致数据内容不一致。
- 幻读:一个未提交的事务读到了另一个提交事务的添加数据(针对insert),前后多次读取,数据总量不一致。
- 通过设置事务的隔离级别,可以解决脏读问题。
- READ UNCOMMITTED:会出现脏读、不可重复读、幻读。
- READ COMMITTED:会出现不可重复读、幻读。
- REPEATABLE READ:会出现幻读。
- SERIALIZABLE:不会出现问题。
-
timeout:超时时间。
-
事务需要在一定时间内进行提交,如果不提交就进行回滚。
-
在Spring中,默认值是-1(不回滚),设置时间以秒单位进行计算。
-
-
readOnly:是否只读。
-
默认值是false,表示可以查询、添加、修改、删除操作。
-
如果设置readOnly为true,就只能查询。
-
rollbackFor:回滚。
- 设置出现了那些异常进行事务回滚。
-
noRollbackFor:不回滚。
- 设置那些异常不进行事务回滚。
-
5.4.2 基于注解方式的声明式事务管理
- 在Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置事务管理器
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
- 在Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml中,开启事务注解
<!-- 开启事务注解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
- 完整的applicationContext.xml文件信息
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 导入数据库连接信息 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 开启事务注解 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
- AccountDao.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Account;
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 转入
*
* @param account
* @param money
*/
void addMoney(Account account, Double money);
/**
* 转出
*
* @param account
* @param money
*/
void reduceMoney(Account account, Double money);
}
- AccountDaoImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.dao.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.AccountDao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Account;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
@Repository
public class AccountDaoImpl implements AccountDao {
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
@Override
public void addMoney(Account account, Double money) {
jdbcTemplate.update(" update account set money = money + ? where username = ? ", money, account.getName());
}
@Override
public void reduceMoney(Account account, Double money) {
jdbcTemplate.update(" update account set money = money - ? where username = ? ", money, account.getName());
}
}
- AccountService.java
package com.sunxiaping.service;
public interface AccountService {
/**
* 转账
*
* @param from
* @param target
* @param money
*/
void transfer(String from, String target, Double money);
}
- AccountServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.dao.AccountDao;
import com.sunxiaping.domain.Account;
import com.sunxiaping.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Transactional
@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void transfer(String from, String target, Double money) {
Account targetAccount = new Account();
targetAccount.setName(target);
accountDao.addMoney(targetAccount, money);
int i = 100 / 0;
Account fromAccount = new Account();
fromAccount.setName(from);
accountDao.reduceMoney(fromAccount, money);
}
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import com.sunxiaping.service.AccountService;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class SpringTest {
private AccountService accountService = null;
@Before
public void before(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
accountService = context.getBean(AccountService.class);
}
@Test
public void test(){
accountService.transfer("lucy","marrry",100.00);
}
}
5.4.3 基于XML配置文件方式的声明式事务管理
- 在Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置事务管理器
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
- 在Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置通知
<!-- 配置通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice">
<!-- 配置事务参数 -->
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 指定那种规则的方法上面添加事务 -->
<tx:method name="add*" />
<tx:method name="update*" />
<tx:method name="delete*" />
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
- 在Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml中配置切入点和通知
<!-- 配置切入点和切面 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.sunxiaping.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
<!-- 配置切面 -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
- 完整的applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.sunxiaping"></context:component-scan>
<!-- 导入数据库连接信息 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="db.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
<!-- 配置数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置jdbcTemplate -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据源 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置通知 -->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice">
<!-- 配置事务参数 -->
<tx:attributes>
<!-- 指定那种规则的方法上面添加事务 -->
<tx:method name="add*"/>
<tx:method name="update*"/>
<tx:method name="delete*"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!-- 配置切入点和切面 -->
<aop:config>
<!-- 配置切入点 -->
<aop:pointcut id="pointcut" expression="execution(* com.sunxiaping.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
<!-- 配置切面 -->
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="pointcut"></aop:advisor>
</aop:config>
</beans>
5.4.4 完全注解方式的声明式事务管理
- SpringConfig.java
package com.sunxiaping.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionManager;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.EnableTransactionManagement;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.sunxiaping")
@EnableTransactionManagement //开启事务
public class SpringConfig {
/**
* 连接池
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
DruidDataSource druidDataSource = new DruidDataSource();
druidDataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver");
druidDataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://192.168.134.100:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&allowPublicKeyRetrieval=true");
druidDataSource.setUsername("root");
druidDataSource.setPassword("123456");
return dataSource();
}
/**
* JdbcTemplate
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate() {
JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate();
jdbcTemplate.setDataSource(dataSource());
return jdbcTemplate;
}
/**
* 事务管理器
*
* @return
*/
@Bean
public TransactionManager transactionManager() {
DataSourceTransactionManager transactionManager = new DataSourceTransactionManager();
transactionManager.setDataSource(dataSource());
return transactionManager;
}
}
6 Spring5新特性
6.1 概述
- 整个Spring5框架基于JDK8,运行时兼容JDK9,许多不建议使用的类和方法在代码库中删除。
- Spring5框架自带了通用的日志封装。
- Spring5框架已经移除了Log4jConfigListener,官方建议使用Log4j2。
- Spring5框架核心容器支持@Nullable注解。
- @Nullable可以使用在方法、属性和参数上面。
- 如果@Nullable用在方法上面,表示方法的返回值可以为null。
- 如果@Nullable用在属性上面,表示属性值可以为null。
- 如果@Nullable用在方法参数里面,表示参数可以为null。
- @Nullable可以使用在方法、属性和参数上面。
- Spring5核心容器支持函数式风格GenericApplicationContext/AnnotationConfigApplicationContext。
- Spring5支持整合Junit5。
- Spring5支持WebFlux。
6.2 Spring5整合Log4j2
- 导入log4j相关jar包的Maven坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.13.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.13.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.13.3</version>
</dependency>
- 创建log4j2的配置文件(log4j2.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--日志级别以及优先级排序: OFF > FATAL > ERROR > WARN > INFO > DEBUG > TRACE > ALL -->
<!--Configuration后面的status用于设置log4j2自身内部的信息输出,可以不设置,当设置成trace时,可以看到log4j2内部各种详细输出-->
<configuration status="INFO">
<!--先定义所有的appender-->
<appenders>
<!--输出日志信息到控制台-->
<console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
<!--控制日志输出的格式-->
<PatternLayout pattern="%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
</console>
</appenders>
<!--然后定义logger,只有定义了logger并引入的appender,appender才会生效-->
<!--root:用于指定项目的根日志,如果没有单独指定Logger,则会使用root作为默认的日志输出-->
<loggers>
<root level="info">
<appender-ref ref="Console"/>
</root>
</loggers>
</configuration>
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class Spring5Test {
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Spring5Test.class);
@Test
public void test() {
LOGGER.info("info....");
LOGGER.debug("debug...");
}
}
6.3 Spring5支持函数式风格
- 示例:
- Person.java
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class Person {
private String name;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" +
"name='" + name + '\'' +
'}';
}
}
- 测试:
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.GenericApplicationContext;
public class Spring5Test {
/**
* 函数式风格创建对象,交给Spring管理
*/
@Test
public void test() {
//创建GenericApplicationContext对象
GenericApplicationContext context = new GenericApplicationContext();
//调用context的refresh()方法
context.refresh();
context.registerBean("person",Person.class,()->new Person());
//获取在Spring注册的对象
Person person = context.getBean(Person.class);
System.out.println(person);
}
}
6.4 Spring5整合Junit
6.4.1 Spring5整合Junit4
- 导入junit4和Spring整合junit4相关jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- 在测试类中,使用注解方式完成
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
//指定Junit的版本
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
//加载配置文件
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class Spring5Test {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println(person);
}
}
6.4.2 Spring5整合Junit5
- 导入junit5和Spring整合junit4相关jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>5.2.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter</artifactId>
<version>5.6.2</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
- 在测试类中,使用注解方式完成
package com.sunxiaping;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension;
@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
//加载配置文件
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:applicationContext.xml"})
public class Spring5Test {
@Autowired
private Person person;
@Test
public void test(){
System.out.println(person);
}
}
6.5 WebFlux
6.5.1 Spring WebFlux介绍
-
Spring Webflux是Spring5添加的新的模块,用于web开发的,功能和SpringMVC类似,Webflux使用当前一种比较流行的响应式编程而出现的框架。
-
使用传统的web框架,比如Spring MVC,是基于Servlet容器;Webflux是一种异步非阻塞的框架,异步非阻塞是在Servlet3.1后才开始支持的,Webflux是基于Reactor的相关API实现的。
-
异步非阻塞:
- 异步和同步是针对调用者来说的。
- 当调用者发送请求,如果要等着对方回应之后才做其他的事情,这个现象称为同步。
- 当调用者发送请求,如果不需要等着对方回应之后就可以做其他的事情,这个现象称为异步。
- 阻塞和非阻塞是针对被调用者而言的。
- 当被调用者收到一个请求之后,做完请求任务之后才给出反馈就是阻塞。
- 当被调用者收到一个请求之后,马上给出反馈然后再去做请求任务就是非阻塞。
- 异步和同步是针对调用者来说的。
-
webflux的特点:
- 非阻塞式:在有限的资源下,提高系统吞吐量和伸缩性,以Reactor为基础实现响应式编程。
- 函数式编程:Spring5框架基于JDK8,webflux中可以使用JDK8函数式编程方式实现路由请求。
-
Spring MVC VS Spring Webflux
SpringMVC和SpringWebflux都可以使用注解方式,都运行在Tomcat等容器中。
SpringMVC采用命令式编程,SpringWebflux采用异步响应式编程。
6.5.2 响应式编程
6.5.2.1 什么是响应式编程?
- 响应式编程是一种面向数据流和变化传播的编程范式。这意味着可以在编程语言中很方便地表达静态或动态的数据流,而相关的计算模型会自动将变化的值通过数据流进行传播。
- 电子表格程序就是响应式编程的一个例子。单元格可以包含字面值或类似"=B1+C1"的公式,而包含公式的单元格的值会依据其他单元格的值的变化而变化。
6.5.2.2 Java8及之前版本
-
提供了观察者模式的两个类Observer和Observable。
-
示例:
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.reactor8;
import java.util.Observable;
public class ObserverDemo extends Observable {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ObserverDemo observerDemo = new ObserverDemo();
//添加观察者
observerDemo.addObserver((o, arg) -> {
System.out.println("发生了变化");
});
observerDemo.addObserver((o, arg) -> {
System.out.println("收到被观察者的通知,准备发生改变");
});
//数据变化
observerDemo.setChanged();
//通知
observerDemo.notifyObservers();
}
}
6.5.2.3 Reactor实现
- 响应式编程的操作中,Reactor是满足Reactive规范的一个框架,Webflux的核心是Reactor。
- Reactor有两个核心类:Mono和Flux,这两个类都实现了接口Publisher,提供丰富的操作符。Flux对象实现发布者,返回N个元素;Mono对象实现发布者,返回0或1个元素。
- Flux和Mono都是数据流的发布者,使用Flux和Mono都可以发送三种数据信号:元素值,错误信号,完成信号。错误信号和完成信号都代表终止信号,终止信号用来告诉订阅者数据流已经结束了,错误信号终止数据流同时把错误的信息传递给订阅者。
- 示例:演示Flux和Mono
- 导入reactor的jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>io.projectreactor</groupId>
<artifactId>reactor-core</artifactId>
<version>3.1.5.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
- ReactorTest.java
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.reactor8;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class ReactorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//just方法,直接声明
Flux.just(1,2,3,4);
Mono.just(1);
//其他方法
Integer[] arr = {1,2,3};
Flux.fromArray(arr);
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
Flux.fromIterable(list);
Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
Flux.fromStream(stream);
}
}
-
三种信号的特点:
- 错误信号和完成信号都是终止信号,不能共存的。
- 如果没有发送任何元素值,而是直接发送错误或者完成信息,表示是一个空的数据流。
- 如果没有错误信号,也没有完成信号,表示是无限数据流。
-
调用just或者其他方法只是申明数据流,数据流并没有发出,只有进行订阅之后才会触发数据流,不订阅什么都不会发生的。
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.reactor8;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.stream.Stream;
public class ReactorTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//just方法,直接声明
Flux.just(1,2,3,4).subscribe(System.out::println);
Mono.just(1).subscribe(System.out::println);
//其他方法
Integer[] arr = {1,2,3};
Flux.fromArray(arr).subscribe(System.out::println);
List<Integer> list = Arrays.asList(1,2,3);
Flux.fromIterable(list).subscribe(System.out::println);
Stream<Integer> stream = list.stream();
Flux.fromStream(stream).subscribe(System.out::println);
}
}
6.5.2.4 操作符
-
对数据流进行一道道的操作,称为操作符。比如工厂的流水线。
-
map:元素映射为新的元素。
- flatMap:元素映射为流。
6.5.3 WebFlux的执行流程和核心API
- SpringWebFlux基于Reactor,默认使用的容器是Netty,Netty是高性能的NIO框架,异步非阻塞的框架。
- BIO:
- NIO:
-
SpringWebFlux执行过程和SpringMVC执行过程类似。
- SpringWebFlux核心控制器DispatcherHandler,实现了WebHandler接口。
- WebHandler的源码如下:
package org.springframework.web.server; import reactor.core.publisher.Mono; public interface WebHandler { Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange var1); }
- DispatcherHandler,实现了handle方法,其源码片段如下:
public class DispatcherHandler implements WebHandler, ApplicationContextAware { //ServerWebExchange是HTTP的请求信息 public Mono<Void> handle(ServerWebExchange exchange) { return this.handlerMappings == null ? this.createNotFoundError() : Flux.fromIterable(this.handlerMappings).concatMap((mapping) -> { return mapping.getHandler(exchange);//根据请求地址获取对应的mapping }).next().switchIfEmpty(this.createNotFoundError()).flatMap((handler) -> { return this.invokeHandler(exchange, handler);//调用具体的业务方法 }).flatMap((result) -> { return this.handleResult(exchange, result);//处理的结果返回 }); } }
-
SpringWebFlux里面的DispatcherHandler,负责请求的处理。
- HandlerMapping:请求查询到处理的方法。
- HandlerAdapter:真正负责请求处理。
- HandlerResultHandler:响应结果处理。
-
SpringWebFlux实现函数式编程,两个接口:RouterFunction(路由处理)和HandlerFunction(处理函数)。
6.5.4 SpringWebFlux(基于注解编程模型)
- 示例:以SpringBoot项目为例,使用SpringBoot2.x版本。
- 导入spring-boot-starter-webflux的jar包的Maven坐标:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webflux</artifactId>
</dependency>
- User.java
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.domain;
public class User {
private String username;
private String gender;
private Integer age;
public User() {
}
public User(String username, String gender, Integer age) {
this.username = username;
this.gender = gender;
this.age = age;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(String gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User{" +
"username='" + username + '\'' +
", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
", age=" + age +
'}';
}
}
- UserService.java
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.service;
import com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.domain.User;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
public interface UserService {
/**
* 根据id查询用户
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
Mono<User> findUserById(Integer id);
/**
* 查询所有用户
*
* @return
*/
Flux<User> findAllUser();
/**
* 添加用户
*
* @param userMono
* @return
*/
Mono<Void> saveUserInfo(Mono<User> userMono);
}
- UserServiceImpl.java
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.service.impl;
import com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.domain.User;
import com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
private static Map<Integer, User> users = new HashMap<>();
static {
users.put(1, new User("lucy", "女", 20));
users.put(2, new User("marry", "女", 18));
users.put(3, new User("jack", "男", 45));
}
@Override
public Mono<User> findUserById(Integer id) {
return Mono.justOrEmpty(users.get(id));
}
@Override
public Flux<User> findAllUser() {
return Flux.fromIterable(users.values());
}
@Override
public Mono<Void> saveUserInfo(Mono<User> userMono) {
return userMono.doOnNext((user) -> {
Integer id = users.size() + 1;
users.put(id, user);
}).thenEmpty(Mono.empty());
}
}
- UserController.java
package com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.web;
import com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.domain.User;
import com.sunxiaping.springbootspring5.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
@RestController
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
/**
* 根据id查询用户信息
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/user/{id}")
public Mono<User> getUserId(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return userService.findUserById(id);
}
/**
* 查询所有的用户信息
*
* @return
*/
@GetMapping("/users")
public Flux<User> findAllUser() {
return userService.findAllUser();
}
/**
* 新增用户信息
*
* @param user
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/saveUser")
public Mono<Void> saveUser(@RequestBody User user) {
Mono<User> userMono = Mono.just(user);
return userService.saveUserInfo(userMono);
}
}