Spring 中基于 AOP 的 @AspectJ
@AspectJ 作为通过 Java 5 注释注释的普通的 Java 类,它指的是声明 aspects 的一种风格。通过在你的基于架构的 XML 配置文件中包含以下元素,@AspectJ 支持是可用的。
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
你还需要在你的应用程序的 CLASSPATH 中使用以下 AspectJ 库文件。这些库文件在一个 AspectJ 装置的 ‘lib’ 目录中是可用的,如果没有,你可以在 Internet 中下载它们。
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aspectjrt.jar
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aspectjweaver.jar
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aspectj.jar
- aopalliance.jar
声明一个 aspect
Aspects 类和其他任何正常的 bean 一样,除了它们将会用 @AspectJ 注释之外,它和其他类一样可能有方法和字段,如下所示:
package org.xyz; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; @Aspect public class AspectModule { }
它们将在 XML 中按照如下进行配置,就和其他任何 bean 一样:
<bean id="myAspect" class="org.xyz.AspectModule"> <!-- configure properties of aspect here as normal --> </bean>
声明一个切入点
一个切入点有助于确定使用不同建议执行的感兴趣的连接点(即方法)。在处理基于配置的 XML 架构时,切入点的声明有两个部分:
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一个切入点表达式决定了我们感兴趣的哪个方法会真正被执行。
- 一个切入点标签包含一个名称和任意数量的参数。方法的真正内容是不相干的,并且实际上它应该是空的。
下面的示例中定义了一个名为 ‘businessService’ 的切入点,该切入点将与 com.tutorialspoint 包下的类中可用的每一个方法相匹配:
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; @Pointcut("execution(* com.xyz.myapp.service.*.*(..))") // expression private void businessService() {} // signature
下面的示例中定义了一个名为 ‘getname’ 的切入点,该切入点将与 com.tutorialspoint 包下的 Student 类中的 getName() 方法相匹配:
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; @Pointcut("execution(* com.tutorialspoint.Student.getName(..))") private void getname() {}
声明建议
你可以使用 @{ADVICE-NAME} 注释声明五个建议中的任意一个,如下所示。这假设你已经定义了一个切入点标签方法 businessService():
@Before("businessService()") public void doBeforeTask(){ ... } @After("businessService()") public void doAfterTask(){ ... } @AfterReturning(pointcut = "businessService()", returning="retVal") public void doAfterReturnningTask(Object retVal){ // you can intercept retVal here. ... } @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "businessService()", throwing="ex") public void doAfterThrowingTask(Exception ex){ // you can intercept thrown exception here. ... } @Around("businessService()") public void doAroundTask(){ ... }
你可以为任意一个建议定义你的切入点内联。下面是在建议之前定义内联切入点的一个示例:
@Before("execution(* com.xyz.myapp.service.*.*(..))") public doBeforeTask(){ ... }
这里是 Logging.java 文件的内容。这实际上是 aspect 模块的一个示例,它定义了在各个点调用的方法。
package com.tutorialspoint; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.After; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterThrowing; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.AfterReturning; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around; @Aspect public class Logging { /** Following is the definition for a pointcut to select * all the methods available. So advice will be called * for all the methods. */ @Pointcut("execution(* com.tutorialspoint.*.*(..))") private void selectAll(){} /** * This is the method which I would like to execute * before a selected method execution. */ @Before("selectAll()") public void beforeAdvice(){ System.out.println("Going to setup student profile."); } /** * This is the method which I would like to execute * after a selected method execution. */ @After("selectAll()") public void afterAdvice(){ System.out.println("Student profile has been setup."); } /** * This is the method which I would like to execute * when any method returns. */ @AfterReturning(pointcut = "selectAll()", returning="retVal") public void afterReturningAdvice(Object retVal){ System.out.println("Returning:" + retVal.toString() ); } /** * This is the method which I would like to execute * if there is an exception raised by any method. */ @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "selectAll()", throwing = "ex") public void AfterThrowingAdvice(IllegalArgumentException ex){ System.out.println("There has been an exception: " + ex.toString()); } }
下面是 Student.java 文件的内容:
package com.tutorialspoint; public class Student { private Integer age; private String name; public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public Integer getAge() { System.out.println("Age : " + age ); return age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { System.out.println("Name : " + name ); return name; } public void printThrowException(){ System.out.println("Exception raised"); throw new IllegalArgumentException(); } }
下面是 MainApp.java 文件的内容:
package com.tutorialspoint; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml"); Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student"); student.getName(); student.getAge(); student.printThrowException(); } }
下面是配置文件 Beans.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd "> <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/> <!-- Definition for student bean --> <bean id="student" class="com.tutorialspoint.Student"> <property name="name" value="Zara" /> <property name="age" value="11"/> </bean> <!-- Definition for logging aspect --> <bean id="logging" class="com.tutorialspoint.Logging"/> </beans>
一旦你已经完成的创建了源文件和 bean 配置文件,让我们运行一下应用程序。如果你的应用程序一切都正常的话,这将会输出以下消息:
Going to setup student profile. Name : Zara Student profile has been setup. Returning:Zara Going to setup student profile. Age : 11 Student profile has been setup. Returning:11 Going to setup student profile. Exception raised Student profile has been setup. There has been an exception: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException ..... other exception content