什么是profile,为什么需要profile?
在开发时，不同环境（开发、联调、预发、正式等）所需的配置不同导致，如果每改变一个环境就更改配置不但麻烦（修改代码、重新构建）而且容易出错。Spring提供了解决方案。
方法一：配置profile bean
@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig { //Spring 引入@Profile 制定某个bean属于哪个profile
//在方法级别上使用@Profile注解
@Bean
@Profile("dev")
public DataSource embeddedDataSource() {
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
.addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
.addScript("classpath:dev-data.sql")
.build();
} @Bean
@Profile("prod")
public DataSource embeddedDataSourceDev() {
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.H2)
.addScript("classpath:schema.sql")
.addScript("classpath:prod-data.sql")
.build();
}
}
在同一个类的不同方法上使用@Profile注解与@Bean一起使用
方法二：在XML中配置bean
与方法一等价的方式
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <beans profile="dev">
<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
<jdbc:script location="classpath:dev-data.sql" />
</jdbc:embedded-database>
</beans> <beans profile="prod">
<jdbc:embedded-database id="dataSource" type="H2">
<jdbc:script location="classpath:schema.sql" />
<jdbc:script location="classpath:prod-data.sql" />
</jdbc:embedded-database>
</beans>
</beans>
激活profile
Spring在确定哪个profile处于激活状态时，需要依赖两个独立属性：sping.profiles.active和spring.profiles.default。Spring提供了@ActiveProfiles用来指定运行测试时要激活哪个profile,如果没有指定sping.profiles.active，会采用spring.profiles.default的默认值。
测试
package profiles; import static org.junit.Assert.*; import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner; import com.myapp.DataSourceConfig; public class DataSourceConfigTest { @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes=DataSourceConfig.class)
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
public static class DevDataSourceTest {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource; @Test
public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
assertNotNull(dataSource);
JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
@Override
public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
}
}); assertEquals(1, results.size());
assertEquals("1:A", results.get(0));
}
} @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("classpath:datasource-config.xml")
@ActiveProfiles("prod")
public static class ProductionDataSourceTest_XMLConfig {
@Autowired
private DataSource dataSource; @Test
public void shouldBeEmbeddedDatasource() {
assertNotNull(dataSource);
JdbcTemplate jdbc = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
List<String> results = jdbc.query("select id, name from Things", new RowMapper<String>() {
@Override
public String mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
return rs.getLong("id") + ":" + rs.getString("name");
}
}); assertEquals(1, results.size());
assertEquals("1:B", results.get(0));
}
} }