村长让小王给村里各系统来一套SSO方案做整合，隔壁的陈家村流行使用Session+认证中心方法，但小王想尝试点新鲜的，于是想到了JWT方案，那JWT是啥呢？JavaWebToken简称JWT，就是一个字符串，由点号连接，可以Encoded和Decoded进行明文和密文转换，结构如下：
头部，声明和签名，头部(header)说明加密算法、类型等，声明(payload)内容如账号密码信息或需要传输的内容，签名(signature)即对声明进行加密生成的签名，用于防篡改。这样，SSO就无需认证中心了，也无需服务端进行服务端session存储，甚至不使用cookie传输，无CSRF风险，每次request携带上这个token，服务方通过认证即可，链路简单，仅需各服务使用统一私钥和验证算法即可。
听完小王的SSO方案，村长略显兴奋，看小王才堪大用，于是再提出一项要求，让来套权限控制方案，有了前面的经验，小王也想到了SpringSecurity，但得让村长满意，必须有些与众不同，于是说了他的Shiro方案，村长认真的点点头，高兴地表示可以出面协助解决找对象的问题。在此，我们也来研究下小王的这套技术，说不定还可以解决一些生活问题。
准备： Idea201902/JDK11/ZK3.5.5/Gradle5.4.1/RabbitMQ3.7.13/Mysql8.0.11/Lombok0.26/Erlang21.2/postman7.5.0/Redis3.2/RocketMQ4.5.2
难度：新手--战士--老兵--大师
目标：1.模拟商城系统，实现服务间SSO 2.使用JWT+Shiro实现权限管理
步骤：
1.系统整体框架不变，增加admin模块，作为sso认证和权限管理服务，整体思路：首次请求，进行DB用户信息验证，通过后生成一个jwtToken，并获取各类权限，再次访问，则请求头带上这个jwtToken，服务端仅进行token校验，并刷新Token有效期。
2.几个shiro的核心对象：
-
Principal 主体身份标识，必须具有唯一性，如用户名、手机号、邮箱地址等，一个主体可以有多个身份，但是必须有一个主身份（Primary Principal）;
-
Subject 请求主体，一个登录用户，一个请求等，在程序中任何地方都可以通过SecurityUtils.getSubject()获取到当前的subject，subject中又可以获取到Principal;
-
credential 凭证信息，只有主体知道的安全信息，如密码等;
-
SecurityManager 权限控制中心，所有请求最终基本上都通过它来代理转发，一般我们程序中不需要直接跟他打交道;
-
Realm 认证领域，不同的数据源使用不同的认证领域，比如从DB取信息对比的可以叫DbRealm ，从Redis取缓存信息对比认证的叫RedisRealm，一般情况下我们对每种数据源定义一个Realm，其中包含了比对器(Matcher);
-
authenticator 认证器，主体进行认证最终通过authenticator进行的;
-
authorizer 授权器，主体进行授权最终通过authorizer进行的;
3.因为要用到JWT，也做个简要说明，使用了auth0包，主要在 com.biao.mall.admin.util.JwtUtils中，其中方法包含生成JwtToken，加解密，签名等，比较清晰。
1 public class JwtUtils {
2
3 /**
4 * 获得token中的信息无需secret解密也能获得
5 * @return token中包含的签发时间
6 */
7 public static LocalDateTime getIssueAt(String token){
8 DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
9 return TimeUtil.convert2LocalTime(jwt.getIssuedAt());
10 }
11
12 /**
13 * 获得token中的信息无需secret解密也能获得
14 * @return token中包含的用户名
15 */
16 public static String getUsername(String token){
17 DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
18 return jwt.getClaim("username").asString();
19 }
20
21 /**
22 * 生成签名,expireTime后过期
23 * @param username 用户名
24 * @param expireTime 过期时间s
25 * @return 加密的token
26 */
27 public static String sign(String username, String salt, long expireTime) {
28 Date date = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()+expireTime*1000);
29 Algorithm algorithm= Algorithm.HMAC256(salt);
30 //
31 return JWT.create()
32 .withClaim("username",username)
33 .withExpiresAt(date)
34 .withIssuedAt(new Date())
35 .sign(algorithm);
36 }
37
38 /**
39 * token是否过期
40 * @return true：过期
41 */
42 public static boolean isTokenExpired(String token){
43 Date now = Calendar.getInstance().getTime();
44 DecodedJWT jwt = JWT.decode(token);
45 return jwt.getExpiresAt().before(now);
46 }
47
48 /**
49 * 生成随机盐,长度32位
50 * @return
51 */
52 public static String generateSalt(){
53 SecureRandomNumberGenerator secureRandom = new SecureRandomNumberGenerator();
54 String hex = secureRandom.nextBytes(16).toHex();
55 return hex;
56 }
57
58 }
JWT加解密示例请看这里：https://jwt.io/#debugger-io
4.基础组件com.biao.mall.admin.service.UserService，也比较简单清晰，“加密盐”，即对加密对象加入的一些干扰数据，增加复杂度，要注意加解密的盐要一致：
@Service
public class UserService {
private final static Logger lgger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);
//加密用户信息的盐
private static final String encryptSalt = "510fdb7f28534fb584af25697826c203";
private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
@Autowired
public UserService(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
}
public String generateJwtToken(String username){
//加密JWT的盐
String salt = "0805c99fd2634c80b2cde8c7e4124468";
//redis缓存salt
stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("token:"+username, salt, 3600, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
return JwtUtils.sign(username,salt,60*60);//生成jwt token，设置过期时间为1小时
}
/*
* 获取上次token生成时的salt值和登录用户信息*/
public UserDto getJwtToken(String username) {
// String salt = "9723612f53";
//从数据库或者缓存中取出jwt token生成时用的salt
String salt = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get("token:"+username);
UserDto userDto = this.getUserInfo(username);
userDto.setSalt(salt);
return userDto;
}
/**
* 获取数据库中保存的用户信息，主要是加密后的密码.这里省去了DB操作，直接生成了用户信息
* @param username
* @return
*/
public UserDto getUserInfo(String username){
UserDto user = new UserDto();
user.setUserId(1L);
user.setUsername("admin");
//模拟对密码加密
user.setEncryptPwd(new Sha256Hash("admin123",encryptSalt).toHex());
lgger.debug("UserService: [{}]",user.toString());
return user;
}
/**清除token信息*/
public void deleteLogInfo(String username){
// 删除数据库或者缓存中保存的salt
// stringRedisTemplate.delete("token:"+username);
}
/**获取用户角色列表，强烈建议从缓存中获取*/
public List<String> getUserRoles(Long userId){
//模拟admin角色
return Arrays.asList("admin");
}
}
5.配置类 com.biao.mall.admin.conf.ShiroConf功能就是：
- 通过FilterRegistrationBean注入自定义的权限Filter和认证Filter
- 注册Authenticator，关联定义的多个Realm
- 注册ShiroFilterChainDefinition
- 注册sessionStorageEvaluator禁用session
@Configuration
public class ShiroConf {
/**注册shiro的Filter 拦截请求*/
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filterRegistrationBean(SecurityManager securityManager, UserService userService) throws Exception {
FilterRegistrationBean<Filter> filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean<>();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter((Filter) Objects.requireNonNull(this.shiroFilter(securityManager, userService).getObject()));
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("targetFilterLifecycle","true");
//bean注入开启异步方式
filterRegistrationBean.setAsyncSupported(true);
filterRegistrationBean.setEnabled(true);
filterRegistrationBean.setDispatcherTypes(DispatcherType.REQUEST);
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
/**设置过滤器，将自定义的Filter加入*/
@Bean(name = "shiroFilter")
public ShiroFilterFactoryBean shiroFilter(SecurityManager securityManager, UserService userService) {
ShiroFilterFactoryBean factoryBean = new ShiroFilterFactoryBean();
//必需属性，指定一个SecurityManager的实例，
factoryBean.setSecurityManager(securityManager);
Map<String,Filter> filterMap = factoryBean.getFilters();
filterMap.put("authcToken",this.createAuthFilter(userService));
filterMap.put("anyRole",this.createRolesFilter());
factoryBean.setFilters(filterMap);
factoryBean.setFilterChainDefinitionMap(this.shiroFilterChainDefinition().getFilterChainMap());
return factoryBean;
}
@Bean
protected ShiroFilterChainDefinition shiroFilterChainDefinition() {
DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition chainDefinition = new DefaultShiroFilterChainDefinition();
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/login", "noSessionCreation,anon");
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/logout", "noSessionCreation,authcToken[permissive]");
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/image/**", "anon");
//只允许admin或manager角色的用户访问
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/admin/**", "noSessionCreation,authcToken,anyRole[admin,manager]");
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/**", "noSessionCreation,authcToken");
return chainDefinition;
}
/**注意不要加@Bean注解，不然spring会自动注册成filter*/
private AnyRolesAuthorizationFilter createRolesFilter() {
return new AnyRolesAuthorizationFilter();
}
/**注意不要加@Bean注解，不然spring会自动注册成filter*/
private JwtAuthFilter createAuthFilter(UserService userService) {
return new JwtAuthFilter(userService);
}
/**初始化authenticator*/
@Bean
public Authenticator authenticator(UserService userService){
ModularRealmAuthenticator authenticator = new ModularRealmAuthenticator();
authenticator.setRealms(Arrays.asList(this.jwtShiroRealm(userService),this.dbShiroRealm(userService)));
//如果有多个Realms才需要指定realm匹配策略
authenticator.setAuthenticationStrategy(new FirstSuccessfulStrategy());
return authenticator;
}
/**DB认证的realm*/
@Bean("dbRealm")
public Realm dbShiroRealm(UserService userService){
DbShiroRealm dbShiroRealm = new DbShiroRealm(userService);
return dbShiroRealm;
}
/**JWT 认证的realm*/
@Bean("jwtRealm")
public Realm jwtShiroRealm(UserService userService) {
JWTShiroRealm myShiroRealm = new JWTShiroRealm(userService);
return myShiroRealm;
}
/**禁用session，不保存用户状态，每次请求都重新认证，
* 要完全禁用session，需使用下面的filter来实现*/
@Bean
protected SessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator(){
DefaultWebSessionStorageEvaluator sessionStorageEvaluator = new DefaultWebSessionStorageEvaluator();
sessionStorageEvaluator.setSessionStorageEnabled(false);
return sessionStorageEvaluator;
}
}
从以上内容并结合其他部分可整理出shiro内部组件关系图，或者说大致的处理流程：
6.然后我们看首次登录流程，从com.biao.mall.admin.controller.AdminController开始，看其核心部分：
@PostMapping(value = "/login")
public ResponseEntity<Void> login(@RequestBody UserDto loginInfo, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
//获取请求主体
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try {
//将用户请求参数封装
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(loginInfo.getUsername(), loginInfo.getPassword());
/**直接提交给Shiro处理，进入内部验证，如果验证失败，返回AuthenticationException，如果通过，就将全部认证信息关联到
* 此Subject上，subject.getPrincipal()将非空，且subject.isAuthenticated()为True*/
subject.login(token);
logger.info(">>AdminController.login OK!");
UserDto user = (UserDto) subject.getPrincipal();
String newToken = userService.generateJwtToken(user.getUsername());
//写入响应信息返回
response.setHeader("x-auth-token", newToken);
return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
// 如果校验失败，shiro会抛出异常，返回客户端失败
logger.error("User {} login fail, Reason:{}", loginInfo.getUsername(), e.getMessage());
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED).build();
} catch (Exception e) {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR).build();
}
}
@GetMapping("/logout")
public ResponseEntity logout(){
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
if (subject.getPrincipals() != null){
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) subject.getPrincipals().getPrimaryPrincipal();
userService.deleteLogInfo(userDto.getUsername());
}
//务必不能少
SecurityUtils.getSubject().logout();
return ResponseEntity.ok().build();
}
先封装一个UsernamePasswordToken，此类实现接口HostAuthenticationToken和RememberMeAuthenticationToken，前一个接口用于记住认证请求的HostName或IP，后一个接口用于实现跨session的“记住密码”功能，另一细节是此类用char[]而不是String来存pwd，为啥？因为String是不可变的，会放到常量池中，留存较长时间，某些场合如memory dump时，可直接被输出访问。username/password模式认证场景最为常见，故shiro特意设计了UsernamePasswordToken来使用的。重点是以下一行：
subject.login(token);
就能将认证工作交给shiro去处理：进入内部自动验证，如果验证失败，返回AuthenticationException；如果通过，就将全部认证信息关联到此Subject上，subject.getPrincipal()将非空，且subject.isAuthenticated()为True。 最后是如果验证成功，将生成一个newToken，并写入响应的头。
7.再进一步，看shiro如何内部自动验证：shiro调用已注册的Authenticator，Authenticator自动选择对应的Realm。Realm的实现一般直接继承AuthorizingRealm即可:
public class DbShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTShiroRealm.class);
//生产环境盐值不可硬编码在代码中，注意与前面设置的一致
private static final String encrySalt = "510fdb7f28534fb584af25697826c203";//对比登录信息的salt
private UserService userService;
public DbShiroRealm(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
this.setCredentialsMatcher(new HashedCredentialsMatcher(Sha256Hash.ALGORITHM_NAME));
}
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token){
logger.info(">>DbShiroRealm.supports");
return token instanceof UsernamePasswordToken;
}
/**权限*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//获取主身份标识
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
//获取权限角色
List<String> roles = userDto.getRoles();
if (roles == null){
roles = userService.getUserRoles(userDto.getUserId());
userDto.setRoles(roles);
}
if (roles != null){
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addRoles(roles);
}
return simpleAuthorizationInfo;
}
/**认证*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
String userName = usernamePasswordToken.getUsername();
UserDto userDto = userService.getUserInfo(userName);
if (userDto == null){
throw new AuthenticationException("userName or pwd error!");
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userDto,userDto.getEncryptPwd(), ByteSource.Util.bytes(encrySalt),"dbRealm");
}
}
方法之一 ：supports(AuthenticationToken token)，即根据token判断此Authenticator是否使用该realm，
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token){
return token instanceof UsernamePasswordToken;
}
方法之二：doGetAuthorizationInfo，做权限处理，需注意这里两次使用了roles获取逻辑，因为Shiro默认不会缓存角色信息，所以这里调用service的方法获取角色，且强烈建议service中从缓存中获取。
/**权限*/
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
SimpleAuthorizationInfo simpleAuthorizationInfo = new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
//获取主身份标识
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) principals.getPrimaryPrincipal();
//获取权限角色
List<String> roles = userDto.getRoles();
if (roles == null){
roles = userService.getUserRoles(userDto.getUserId());
userDto.setRoles(roles);
}
if (roles != null){
simpleAuthorizationInfo.addRoles(roles);
}
return simpleAuthorizationInfo;
}
方法之三：doGetAuthenticationInfo，做认证，此处是首次认证，故强转为UsernamePasswordToken，再去DB中使用userService.getUserInfo(userName)取得存储的账户信息，最后构造成SimpleAuthenticationInfo扔给shiro。
/**认证*/
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
UsernamePasswordToken usernamePasswordToken = (UsernamePasswordToken) token;
String userName = usernamePasswordToken.getUsername();
UserDto userDto = userService.getUserInfo(userName);
if (userDto == null){
throw new AuthenticationException("userName or pwd error!");
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userDto,userDto.getEncryptPwd(), ByteSource.Util.bytes(encrySalt),"dbRealm");
}
那究竟是如何对比的呢？最后是落到了HashedCredentialsMatcher头上，并使用Hash算法，因为这个user/pwd比对比较简单固定，所以shiro已经有了matcher，直接引用即可！至此，首次登录认证结束！
public DbShiroRealm(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
this.setCredentialsMatcher(new HashedCredentialsMatcher(Sha256Hash.ALGORITHM_NAME));
}
8.非首次登录，先是com.biao.mall.admin.filter.JwtAuthFilter处理，事实上无论哪次请求，都会经过这个Filter处理：
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthFilter extends AuthenticatingFilter {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthFilter.class);
private static final int tokenRefreshInterval = 300;
private UserService userService;
public JwtAuthFilter(UserService userService){
this.userService = userService;
this.setLoginUrl("/login");
}
@Override
protected boolean preHandle(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logger.info("JwtAuthFilter.preHandle");
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = WebUtils.toHttp(request);
//对于OPTION请求做拦截，不做token校验
if (httpServletRequest.getMethod().equals(RequestMethod.OPTIONS.name())){
return false;
}
return super.preHandle(request,response);
}
@Override
protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
logger.info("JwtAuthFilter.createToken");
String jwtToken = this.getAuthzHeader(request);
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(jwtToken) && !JwtUtils.isTokenExpired(jwtToken)){
return new JWTToken(jwtToken);
}
return null;
}
private String getAuthzHeader(ServletRequest request) {
logger.info("JwtAuthFilter.getAuthzHeader");
HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = WebUtils.toHttp(request);
String header = httpServletRequest.getHeader("x-auth-token");
return StringUtils.remove(header,"Bearer");
}
//cors 跨域设置
private void fillCorsHeader(HttpServletRequest toHttp, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) {
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-control-Allow-Origin",toHttp.getHeader("Origin"));
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods","GET,POST,OPTIONS,HEAD");
httpServletResponse.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Headers",toHttp.getHeader("Access-Control-Request-Headers"));
}
@Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,Object mappedValue){
logger.info(">>JwtAuthFilter.isAccessAllowed");
if (this.isLoginRequest(request,response)){
return true;
}
Boolean afterFiltered = (Boolean) request.getAttribute("anyRolesAuthFilter.FILTERED");
if (BooleanUtils.isTrue(afterFiltered)){
return true;
}
boolean allowed = false;
try{
allowed = executeLogin(request,response);
}catch (IllegalStateException e){
logger.error("Not found any token");
}catch (Exception e){
logger.error("Error occurs when login",e);
}
return allowed || super.isPermissive(mappedValue);
}
//isAccessAllowed返回 false进入此方法
@Override
protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION);
this.fillCorsHeader(WebUtils.toHttp(request),httpServletResponse);
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response){
logger.error("Validate token fail, token:{}, error:{}",token.toString(),e.getMessage());
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean onLoginSuccess(AuthenticationToken token, Subject subject, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response){
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
String newToken = null;
if (token instanceof JWTToken){
JWTToken jwtToken = (JWTToken) token;
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) subject.getPrincipals().getPrimaryPrincipal();
boolean shouldRefresh = this.shouldTokenRefresh(JwtUtils.getIssueAt(jwtToken.getToken()));
if (shouldRefresh){
newToken = userService.generateJwtToken(userDto.getUsername());
}
}
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(newToken)){
httpServletResponse.setHeader("x-auth-token",newToken);
}
return true;
}
private boolean shouldTokenRefresh(LocalDateTime issueAt) {
// LocalDateTime issueTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(issueAt.toInstant(), ZoneId.systemDefault());
return LocalDateTime.now().minusSeconds(tokenRefreshInterval).isAfter(issueAt);
}
@Override
protected void postHandle(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response){
this.fillCorsHeader(WebUtils.toHttp(request),WebUtils.toHttp(response));
request.setAttribute("jwtShiroFilter.FILTERED", true);
}
}
展开，isAccessAllowed见名知意，逻辑：如果是首次，通过；如果已FILTERED，通过；如果都不是，则调用父类executeLogin方法，跟进一下，这里面再调用subject.login(token)，其实就是前面首次登录逻辑了！父类会在请求进入拦截器后调用该方法，返回true则继续，返回false则会调用onAccessDenied()。不通过时，还会调用了isPermissive()方法。
1 @Override
2 protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request,ServletResponse response,Object mappedValue){
3 if (this.isLoginRequest(request,response)){
4 return true;
5 }
6 Boolean afterFiltered = (Boolean) request.getAttribute("anyRolesAuthFilter.FILTERED");
7 if (BooleanUtils.isTrue(afterFiltered)){
8 return true;
9 }
10 boolean allowed = false;
11 try{
12 allowed = executeLogin(request,response);
13 }catch (IllegalStateException e){
14 logger.error("Not found any token");
15 }catch (Exception e){
16 logger.error("Error occurs when login",e);
17 }
18 return allowed || super.isPermissive(mappedValue);
19 }
关于父类的isPermissive()方法：对参数进行搜索，看是否有PERMISSIVE = "permissive"字符串，
protected boolean isPermissive(Object mappedValue) {
if(mappedValue != null) {
String[] values = (String[]) mappedValue;
return Arrays.binarySearch(values, PERMISSIVE) >= 0;
}
return false;
}
那为啥要加上"||super.isPermissive(mappedValue)"，因为比如/logout请求，就能继续处理，这里也对应了前面ShiroFilterChainDefinition中的：
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/logout", "noSessionCreation,authcToken[permissive]");
这种场景同样适用于其他未登录，但又可以操作的场景，比如只是阅读内容不做评论，或者查询操作等。 来看方法createToken，
1 @Override
2 protected AuthenticationToken createToken(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws Exception {
3 String jwtToken = this.getAuthzHeader(request);
4 if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(jwtToken) && !JwtUtils.isTokenExpired(jwtToken)){
5 return new JWTToken(jwtToken);
6 }
7 return null;
8 }
重写了父类的方法，使用我们自己定义的Token类，提交给shiro。这个方法返回null的话会直接抛出异常，进入isAccessAllowed（）的异常处理逻辑 。
9.再看方法：onLoginSuccess，如果Login认证成功，会进入该方法，等同于用户名密码登录成功，这里还判断了是否要刷新Token，为啥要刷新token？因为每个token都有设置过期时间，刷新，可防止旧token被非法使用，如果是安全性要求高的系统，可以在update类操作后就刷新token，降低风险。
@Override
protected boolean onLoginSuccess(AuthenticationToken token, Subject subject, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response){
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
String newToken = null;
if (token instanceof JWTToken){
JWTToken jwtToken = (JWTToken) token;
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) subject.getPrincipal();
boolean shouldRefresh = this.shouldTokenRefresh(JwtUtils.getIssueAt(jwtToken.getToken()));
if (shouldRefresh){
newToken = userService.generateJwtToken(userDto.getUsername());
}
}
if (StringUtils.isNotBlank(newToken)){
httpServletResponse.setHeader("x-auth-token",newToken);
}
return true;
}
另一方法：onLoginFailure，如果调用shiro的Login认证失败，会回调这个方法，这里直接返回false，因为逻辑放到了onAccessDenied（）中，
@Override
protected boolean onLoginFailure(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationException e, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response){
logger.error("Validate token fail, token:{}, error:{}",token.toString(),e.getMessage());
return false;
}
如果调用shiro的login认证失败，会回调这个方法，这里我们什么都不做，因为逻辑放到了onAccessDenied（）中。
10.关于自定义的：com.biao.mall.admin.dto.JWTToken，很简单，略，
//@Data
public class JWTToken implements HostAuthenticationToken {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8765431346463134621L;
private String token;
private String host;
public JWTToken(String token,String host){
this.token = token;
this.host = host;
}
public JWTToken(String token){
//借用全变量构造函数
this(token,null);
}
public void setToken(String token) {
this.token = token;
}
public void setHost(String host) {
this.host = host;
}
public String getToken() {
return this.token;
}
public String getHost() {
return this.host;
}
/**注意这里的重写方法，后续使用中，以此处返回值为准*/
@Override
public Object getPrincipal() {
return this.token;
}
/**注意这里的重写方法，后续使用中，以此处返回值为准*/
@Override
public Object getCredentials() {
return this.token;
}
@Override
public String toString(){
return token + ':' + host;
}
}
既然shiro将JWTToken交给Realm处理，先看会使用到的 com.biao.mall.admin.conf.JWTShiroRealm
/**
* @Classname JWTShiroRealm 自定义身份认证
* * 基于HMAC（ 散列消息认证码）的控制域
* @Description TODO
* @Author xiexiaobiao
* @Date 2019-09-05 22:48
* @Version 1.0
**/
public class JWTShiroRealm extends AuthorizingRealm {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTShiroRealm.class);
private UserService userService;
public JWTShiroRealm(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
this.setCredentialsMatcher(new JWTCredentialsMatcher());
}
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token){
logger.debug("token instanceof JWTToken >> {}", (token instanceof JWTToken));
return (token instanceof JWTToken);
}
//首次登录已经处理权限角色，故这里不需处理
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
return new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
}
//
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
JWTToken jwtToken = (JWTToken) token;
String tokenStr = jwtToken.getToken();
UserDto userDto = userService.getJwtToken(JwtUtils.getUsername(tokenStr));
if (userDto == null){
throw new AuthenticationException("token expired ,please login");
}
return new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userDto,userDto.getSalt(),"jwtRealm");
}
}
这里可以通过和DbShiroRealm对比分析：supports方法看此realm是否匹配，符合才进入处理
@Override
public boolean supports(AuthenticationToken token){
logger.debug("token instanceof JWTToken >> {}", (token instanceof JWTToken));
return (token instanceof JWTToken);
}
看相同名称的doGetAuthorizationInfo方法：首次登录已经处理权限角色，故这里不需处理，JWTtoken中也不包含角色信息。
@Override
protected AuthorizationInfo doGetAuthorizationInfo(PrincipalCollection principals) {
return new SimpleAuthorizationInfo();
}
看另一相同名称的doGetAuthenticationInfo方法：取得token后，直接交给jwtRealm处理。
@Override
protected AuthenticationInfo doGetAuthenticationInfo(AuthenticationToken token) throws AuthenticationException {
JWTToken jwtToken = (JWTToken) token;
String tokenStr = jwtToken.getToken();
UserDto userDto = userService.getJwtToken(JwtUtils.getUsername(tokenStr));
if (userDto == null){
throw new AuthenticationException("token expired ,please login");
}
SimpleAuthenticationInfo authenticationInfo = new SimpleAuthenticationInfo(userDto,userDto.getSalt(),"jwtRealm");
return authenticationInfo;
}
同理，jwtRealm要指定Matcher，这里的jwtRealm，通过构造函数指定了JWTCredentialsMatcher，
public JWTShiroRealm(UserService userService) {
this.userService = userService;
this.setCredentialsMatcher(new JWTCredentialsMatcher());
}
既然使用到了CredentialsMatcher，看定义，用指定的算法做匹配验证：
public class JWTCredentialsMatcher implements CredentialsMatcher {
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JWTCredentialsMatcher.class);
@Override
public boolean doCredentialsMatch(AuthenticationToken token, AuthenticationInfo info) {
String tokenStr = (String) token.getCredentials();
Object stored = info.getCredentials();
String salt = stored.toString();
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) info.getPrincipals().getPrimaryPrincipal();
try{
Algorithm algorithm = Algorithm.HMAC256(salt);
JWTVerifier verifier = JWT.require(algorithm)
.withClaim("username",userDto.getUsername())
.build();
verifier.verify(tokenStr);
return true;
}catch (JWTVerificationException e){
logger.error("Token Error:{}", e.getMessage());
}
return false;
}
}
至此，非首次登录逻辑也结束了！
11.说了这么多，似乎还没说到角色咋回事，先看前面的ShiroFilterChainDefinition内容：
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/admin/**", "noSessionCreation,authcToken,anyRole[admin,manager]");
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/**", "noSessionCreation,authcToken");
shiro中是通过AuthorizationFilter来进行角色过滤，逻辑就是在请求进入这个filter后，shiro会调用所有配置的Realm获取用户的角色信息，然后和Filter中配置的角色做对比，匹配就可以通过，也就是各realm中的doGetAuthorizationInfo方法返回的AuthorizationInfo对象，注意默认的Filter只提供‘并’比对，比如‘Role[admin,manager]’即表示要具备admin和manager角色，上面的'authcToken'即表示要通过用户认证，项目中自定义了AnyRolesAuthorizationFilter，故‘anyRole[admin,manager]’表示要具备admin或manager角色，其实，shiro还提供了注解模式，比如@RequiresRoles("admin")，即表示需要admin角色：
@RequiresRoles("admin")
@GetMapping("/test")
public ResponseEntity test(){
return null;
}
再来看AnyRolesAuthorizationFilter，重写了isAccessAllowed方法，其中实现了role的‘或’比对，
public class AnyRolesAuthorizationFilter extends AuthorizationFilter {
@Override
protected void postHandle(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response){
request.setAttribute("anyRolesAuthFilter.FILTERED", true);
}
@Override
protected boolean isAccessAllowed(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, Object mappedValue) throws Exception {
Boolean afterFiltered = (Boolean) request.getAttribute("anyRolesAuthFilter.FILTERED");
if (BooleanUtils.isTrue(afterFiltered)){
return true;
}
Subject subject = getSubject(request,response);
String[] rolesArray = (String[]) mappedValue;
//没有角色限制，有权限访问
if (rolesArray == null || rolesArray.length == 0 ){
return true;
}
for (String role : rolesArray
) {
if (subject.hasRole(role)){
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
@Override
protected boolean onAccessDenied(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException {
HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse = WebUtils.toHttp(response);
httpServletResponse.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
httpServletResponse.setStatus(HttpStatus.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
return false;
}
}
提一下session禁用：因为用了jwt的访问认证，所以要把默认session支持关掉，前面conf中通过sessionStorageEvaluator禁用，还需要加上以下配置，因为有些请求，并没有通过认证但也可以继续访问，因此这里对所有URL做设置；
chainDefinition.addPathDefinition("/**", "noSessionCreation,authcToken");
12.SSO改造：即在admin模块设计一个专门的登录认证服务，供其他服务RPC调用，具体在com.biao.mall.admin.service.AuthServiceImpl，其他服务使用filter或interceptor，过滤后直接调用此方法，二次登录，可以在各自服务内实现，后续我再完善。
@Override
public String loginAuth(UserDto loginInfo) {
Subject subject = SecurityUtils.getSubject();
try{
UsernamePasswordToken token = new UsernamePasswordToken(loginInfo.getUsername(),loginInfo.getPassword());
subject.login(token);
UserDto userDto = (UserDto) subject.getPrincipals().getPrimaryPrincipal();
String newToken = userService.generateJwtToken(userDto.getUsername());
return newToken;
} catch (AuthenticationException e) {
logger.error("User {} loginAuth fail, Reason:{}", loginInfo.getUsername(), e.getMessage());
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("User {} loginAuth fail, Reason:{}", loginInfo.getUsername(), e.getMessage());
}
return null;
}
13.终于到了测试了，写的都快晕了，启动：ZK-->Redis-->Rocket-->Stock-->Business-->Logistic-->Admin, 模拟login：
提交后，获得JWT：
做个jwt合法验证, 如果填写错误的jwt加密盐：
填写正确的salt后：
输入错误的username和pwd，会提示：
2019-09-07 18:49:27.509 ERROR 15816 --- [nio-8087-exec-4] c.b.m.admin.controller.AdminController : User admin login fail, Reason:No account information found for authentication token [org.apache.shiro.authc.UsernamePasswordToken - admin, rememberMe=false] by this Authenticator instance. Please check that it is configured correctly.
14.二次登录测试权限，controller中写两个测试URL，并配上角色权限要求：
@RequiresRoles("manager")
@GetMapping("/manager")
public ResponseEntity test(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
return ResponseEntity.ok(request.getHeader("x-auth-token"));
}
@RequiresRoles("admin")
@GetMapping("/admin")
public ResponseEntity test2(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
return ResponseEntity.ok(request.getHeader("x-auth-token"));
}
首次访问生成JWT:
携带正确的JWT访问，但无"manager"权限情况：
携带正确的JWT访问,有"admin"权限:
15.项目代码地址：其中的day12 https://github.com/xiexiaobiao/dubbo-project.git
后记：
1.JWT的优缺点：JWT不仅可用于认证，还可用于信息交换，优点就是简单，保存在客户端，可减轻服务端负载，最大缺点就是服务器无状态，所以在使用期间，无法取消或更改token权限，即jwt一旦签发，有效期内将一直有效。另外，jwt本身包含身份验证信息，一旦泄漏，将可非法获得token的所有权限。
2.shiro比较springSecurity：shiro优点就是轻量级，完全不依赖spring，适用于常见的权限管理场景，springSecurity对spring整合较好，实现了一些组件功能。很多概念两者相通或近似，springSecurity更为复杂。
3.权限控制使用拦截器Interceptor也是可以的，
4.本项目代码，参考了他人简书上博文代码，免得重复造*，
往期文章推荐：
我的个人公众号：