部署项目后发现以下“FreeMarker template error!”的问题，google、baidu猛一顿搜索无果后开始认真分析异常信息。
FreeMarker template error!
Error on line 72, column 6 in template/ajax/head.ftl
Expecting a boolean (true/false) expression here
Expression parameters.debug?default(false) does not evaluate to true/false
it is an instance of freemarker.ext.beans.StringModel
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> if parameters.debug?default(false) [on line 72, column 1 in template/ajax/head.ftl]
---------- Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.NonBooleanException: Error on line 72, column 6 in template/ajax/head.ftl
Expecting a boolean (true/false) expression here
Expression parameters.debug?default(false) does not evaluate to true/false
it is an instance of freemarker.ext.beans.StringModel
at freemarker.core.Expression.isTrue(Expression.java:150)
at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:77)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:176)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:232)
at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:168)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:530)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:484)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:43)
at org.apache.jsp.WebUI.UserCenter.modifyUserInfo_jsp._jspx_meth_sd_005fhead_005f0(modifyUserInfo_jsp.java:389)
at org.apache.jsp.WebUI.UserCenter.modifyUserInfo_jsp._jspService(modifyUserInfo_jsp.java:99)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:432)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:390)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:334)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:722)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:305)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ActionContextCleanUp.doFilter(ActionContextCleanUp.java:99)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:243)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:416)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:243)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:210)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:222)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:123)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:472)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:168)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:99)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:929)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:118)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:407)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1002)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:585)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:312)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
一句异常都没有看懂，但是发现和项目有关的两条异常，如下：
at org.apache.jsp.WebUI.UserCenter.modifyUserInfo_jsp._jspx_meth_sd_005fhead_005f0(modifyUserInfo_jsp.java:389)
at org.apache.jsp.WebUI.UserCenter.modifyUserInfo_jsp._jspService(modifyUserInfo_jsp.java:99)
打开tomcat部署的modifyUserInfo_jsp.java文件，定位到99行。
96 out.write("<!DOCTYPE html >\n");
97 out.write("<html>\n");
98 out.write("<head>\n");
99 if (_jspx_meth_sd_005fhead_005f0(_jspx_page_context))
100 return;
101 out.write("\n");
102 out.write("<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\">\n");
和源代码进行对比
13 <!DOCTYPE html >
14 <html>
15 <head>
16 <sd:head/>
17 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
询问相关开发人员后，发现源代码16行为多余代码，删除后异常消除，没有再深入研究389行代码。
总结：遇到不认识、没见过的异常信息，不用害怕，认真分析，或许就是一个简单的语法错误。