database/sql 接口
Go官方没有提供数据库驱动,而是为开发数据库驱动定义了一些标准接口database/sql
,开发者可以根据定义的接口来开发相应的数据库驱动,这样做有一个好处,只要是按照标准接口开发的代码, 以后需要迁移数据库时,不需要任何修改。
MySQL
常用的有如下几种:
- https://github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql 支持database/sql,全部采用go写。
- https://github.com/ziutek/mymysql 支持database/sql,也支持自定义的接口,全部采用go写。
- https://github.com/Philio/GoMySQL 不支持database/sql,自定义接口,全部采用go写。
这里使用go-sql-driver/mysql
驱动进行演示,原因是该库使用人数最多,且支持database/sql
接口。
示例:
package main
import (
_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
"database/sql"
"fmt"
)
type User struct {
Id int
Name string
Gender int
Age int
}
func checkErr(err error) {
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
func main() {
db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "root:@(127.0.0.1:3306)/test?charset=utf8")
checkErr(err)
//查询
rows, err := db.Query("SELECT id,name,gender,age from user limit 2")
checkErr(err)
var users []User
for rows.Next() {
var u User
rows.Scan(&u.Id, &u.Name, &u.Gender, &u.Age)
users = append(users, u)
}
//fmt.Print(users)
for _,u := range users{
fmt.Printf("id:%d, name:%s, gender:%d, age:%d\n", u.Id, u.Name, u.Gender, u.Age)
}
}
输出:
id:1, name:allen, gender:1, age:20
id:2, name:alice, gender:2, age:18
新增:
stmt, err := db.Prepare("INSERT INTO user (name,age) VALUES (?, ?)")
checkErr(err)
res, err := stmt.Exec("golang", 10)
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(res.LastInsertId())
输出:
26 <nil>
注:res.LastInsertId()
返回的新增id和error。
更新:
stmt, err := db.Prepare("update user set age = ? where id = ?")
checkErr(err)
res, err := stmt.Exec(8, 26)
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(res.RowsAffected())
输出:
1 <nil>
注:res.RowsAffected()
返回的影响函数和error。
删除:
stmt, err := db.Prepare("DELETE FROM user where id = ?")
checkErr(err)
res, err := stmt.Exec( 26)
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(res.RowsAffected())
//或者
//res, err := db.Exec("DELETE FROM user where id = 26")
//checkErr(err)
//fmt.Println(res.RowsAffected())
可以简单封装一下:
func NewMysqlClient() (*sql.DB, error) {
address := "127.0.0.1:3306"
user := "root"
password := ""
database := "test"
dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s)/%s?charset=utf8mb4", user, password, address, database)
db, err := sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
return db, errors.Wrap(err, "can not connect db.")
}
PostgreSQL
常见驱动库:
- https://github.com/lib/pq 支持database/sql驱动,纯Go写的
- https://github.com/jbarham/gopgsqldriver 支持database/sql驱动,纯Go写的
- https://github.com/lxn/go-pgsql 支持database/sql驱动,纯Go写的
这里使用lib/pq
进行演示,因为该库使用的人数最多。
import (
"database/sql"
_ "github.com/lib/pq"
)
//获取客户端
func NewPostgreSQLClient() (*sql.DB, error) {
address := "127.0.0.1"
user := "pqgotest"
password := ""
database := "pqgotest"
dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s:%s@%s/%s?sslmode=verify-full", user, password, address, database)
db, err := sql.Open("postgres", dsn)
return db, errors.Wrap(err, "can not connect db.")
}
func main() {
db, err := NewPostgreSQLClient()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
age := 21
rows, err := db.Query("SELECT name FROM users WHERE age = $1", age)
//…
}
SQLite
驱动库:https://github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3
该驱动采用database/sql
接口,所以使用起来和操作MySQL是一样的。
增删改查示例:
package main
import (
"database/sql"
"fmt"
_ "github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3"
)
//CREATE TABLE `userinfo` (
// `uid` INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
// `username` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
// `departname` VARCHAR(64) NULL,
// `created` DATE NULL
//);
func checkErr(err error) {
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
}
type UserInfo struct {
uid int
username string
departname string
created string
}
func main() {
db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", "./test_sqlite.db")
checkErr(err)
//增加
stmt, err := db.Prepare("insert into userinfo(username,departname,created) values(?, ?, ?)")
checkErr(err)
res, err := stmt.Exec("yjc", "test", "2018-08-12")
checkErr(err)
id, err := res.LastInsertId()
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(id)
//更新
stmt, err = db.Prepare("update userinfo set username = ? where uid = ?")
checkErr(err)
res, err = stmt.Exec("golang", 1)
checkErr(err)
affect, err := res.RowsAffected()
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(affect)
//查询
rows, err := db.Query("select * from userinfo")
checkErr(err)
var user UserInfo
var users []UserInfo
for rows.Next() {
rows.Scan(&user.uid, &user.username, &user.departname, &user.created)
users = append(users, user)
}
fmt.Println(users)
//删除
stmt, err = db.Prepare("delete from userinfo where uid = ?")
checkErr(err)
res, err = stmt.Exec(2)
checkErr(err)
affect, err = res.RowsAffected()
checkErr(err)
fmt.Println(affect)
}
可以简单封装一下:
func NewSqliteClient() (*sql.DB, error) {
dbname := "./test_sqlite.db"
db, err := sql.Open("sqlite3", dbname)
return db, errors.Wrap(err, "can not connect db.")
}
redis
Go目前支持redis的驱动有如下
- https://github.com/go-redis/redis (推荐)
- https://github.com/gomodule/redigo (推荐)
- https://github.com/hoisie/redis
- https://github.com/alphazero/Go-Redis
- https://github.com/simonz05/godis
前面两个Star数是最多的,生产环境推荐从前面两个选择。使用上go-redis/redis
简单些。
go-redis/redis
示例
//获取客户端
func NewRedisClient() *redis.Client {
client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
Addr: "localhost:6379",
Password: "", // no password set
DB: 0, // use default DB
})
//pong, err := client.Ping().Result()
//fmt.Println(pong, err)
// Output: PONG <nil>
return client
}
//test
func ExampleClient() {
client := NewRedisClient()
defer client.Close()
err := client.Set("key", "value", 0).Err()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
val, err := client.Get("key").Result()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
fmt.Println("key", val)
val2, err := client.Get("key2").Result()
if err == redis.Nil {
fmt.Println("key2 does not exist")
} else if err != nil {
panic(err)
} else {
fmt.Println("key2", val2)
}
// Output: key value
// key2 does not exist
}
mongoDB
目前Go支持mongoDB最好的驱动就是mgo,地址:http://labix.org/mgo 。
安装mgo:
go get gopkg.in/mgo.v2
示例:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2"
"gopkg.in/mgo.v2/bson"
)
type Person struct {
Name string
Phone string
}
func main() {
session, err := mgo.Dial("server1.example.com,server2.example.com")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer session.Close()
// Optional. Switch the session to a monotonic behavior.
session.SetMode(mgo.Monotonic, true)
c := session.DB("test").C("people")
err = c.Insert(&Person{"Ale", "+55 53 8116 9639"},
&Person{"Cla", "+55 53 8402 8510"})
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
result := Person{}
err = c.Find(bson.M{"name": "Ale"}).One(&result)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println("Phone:", result.Phone)
}
Elasticsearch
常用驱动:
https://github.com/olivere/elastic
Go 语言的 Elasticsearch 客户端。(推荐)https://github.com/mattbaird/elastigo
mattbaird/elastigo: A Go (golang) based Elasticsearch client library.