SpringCloud简介
SpringCloud, 基于SpringBoot提供了一套微服务解决方案,包括服务注册与发现,配置中心,全链路监控,服务网关,负载均衡,熔断器等组件,除了基于NetFlix的开源组件做高度抽象封装之外,还有一些选型中立的开源组件。
SpringCloud利用SpringBoot的开发便利性,巧妙地简化了分布式系统基础设施的开发,SpringCloud为开发人员提供了快速构建分布式系统的一些工具,包括配置管理,服务发现,断路器,路由,微代理,事件总线,全局锁,决策竞选,分布式会话等等,他们都可以用SpringBoot的开发风格做到一键启动和部署。
SpringBoot并没有重复造*,它只是将目前各家公司开发的比较成熟,经得起实际考研的服务框架组合起来,通过SpringBoot风格进行再封装,屏蔽掉了复杂的配置和实现原理,最终给开发者留出了一套简单易懂,易部署和易维护的分布式系统开发工具包
SpringCloud 是 分布式微服务架构下的一站式解决方案,是各个微服务架构落地技术的集合体,俗称微服务全家桶。
SpringCloud和SpringBoot关系
SpringBoot专注于快速方便的开发单个个体微服务。
SpringCloud是关注全局的微服务协调整理治理框架,它将SpringBoot开发的一个个单体微服务整合并管理起来,为各个微服务之间提供:配置管理,服务发现,断路器,路由,微代理,事件总线,全局锁,决策竞选,分布式会话等等集成服务。
SpringBoot可以离开SpringClooud独立使用,开发项目,但是SpringCloud离不开SpringBoot,属于依赖关系
SpringBoot专注于快速、方便的开发单个个体微服务,SpringCloud关注全局的服务治理框架
SpringCloud入门
中文文档:https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-netflix.html
中文API文档:https://springcloud.cc/spring-cloud-dalston.html
SpringCloud中国社区 http://springcloud.cn/
SpringCloud中文网 https://springcloud.cc
一、新建一个普通的maven项目删除src目录
1、编写pom.xml文件,导入相关依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<!--打包方式 pom-->
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<lombok.version>1.18.18</lombok.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR8</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--Springboot-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<!--数据库-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.47</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>1.2.6</version>
</dependency>
<!--Springboot启动器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!--log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--lombok-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--logback:日志测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.3.0-alpha4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
</project>
SpringCloud的父工程导入依赖时,发现jar包无法下载下来到本地库。而且pom文件报红
- 原因:
<dependencyManagement>
只是用于父工程管理依赖的,用于统一管理jar的版本。子工程需要使用相应的jar引入依赖即可,这时才真正的使用到相应jar,才会去下载。 - 解决:先将
<dependencyManagement>
删除,下载jar包,下载完成后在重新使用<dependencyManagement>
提供者服务
二、新建一个子模块
1、编写子模块的pom.xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<!--当前的Module自己需要的依赖,如果父工程中已经配置了版本。这里就不用再写版本-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2、创建一个数据库:DB01
CREATE TABLE dept(
deptno BIGINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
dname VARCHAR(60),
db_source VARCHAR(60)
);
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('开发部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('人事部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('财务部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('市场部',DATABASE());
INSERT INTO dept(dname,db_source) VALUES('运维部',DATABASE());
SELECT * FROM dept;
3、子项目连接数据库
4、创建实体类
package com.study.springcloud.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.experimental.Accessors;
import java.io.Serializable;
//实体类必须要序列化 Serializable
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@Accessors(chain = true)//链式写法
public class Dept implements Serializable {
private Long deptno;
private String dname;
//这个数据是存在哪个数据库的字段,微服务:一个服务对应一个数据库,同一个信息可能存在不同的数据库
private String dbSource;
public Dept(String dname) {
this.dname = dname;
}
}
三、新建springcloud-provider-dept-8001子模块
1、编写pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>springcloud-provider-dept-8001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--我们需要拿到实体类,所以要配置api module-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<!--junit-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--springboot-test-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-test</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--jetty-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jetty</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!--热部署-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
2、在resources包下新建mybatis/mapper包,新建mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--开启二级缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true"/>
</settings>
</configuration>
3、新建application.yaml文件
server:
port: 8001
#mybatis配置
mybatis:
type-aliases-package: com.study.springcloud.pojo
mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml
config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis-config.xml
#spring配置
spring:
application:
name: springcloud-provider-dept
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db01?useUnicode=true&characherEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: 123456
4、编写mapper层
package com.study.springcloud.mapper;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import java.util.List;
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface DeptMapper {
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
Dept queryById(Long id);
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
5、编写mapper.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.study.springcloud.mapper.DeptMapper">
<insert id="addDept" parameterType="Dept">
insert into dept( dname, db_source)
values (#{dname},DATABASE())
</insert>
<select id="queryById" resultType="com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept" parameterType="Long">
select * from dept where deptno = #{deptno};
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept">
select * from dept;
</select>
</mapper>
6、编写Service层
package com.study.springcloud.service;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.util.List;
public interface DeptService {
boolean addDept(Dept dept);
Dept queryById(Long id);
List<Dept> queryAll();
}
7、编写service接口实现类
package com.study.springcloud.service;
import com.study.springcloud.mapper.DeptMapper;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import java.util.List;
@Service
public class ServiceImpl implements DeptService{
@Autowired
private DeptMapper deptMapper;
@Override
public boolean addDept(Dept dept) {
return deptMapper.addDept(dept);
}
@Override
public Dept queryById(Long id) {
return deptMapper.queryById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Dept> queryAll() {
return deptMapper.queryAll();
}
}
8、编写controller
package com.study.springcloud.controller;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import com.study.springcloud.service.DeptService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import java.util.List;
//提供Restful服务!
@RestController
public class DeptController {
@Autowired
DeptService deptService;
@PostMapping("/dept/add")
public boolean addDept(Dept dept){
return deptService.addDept(dept);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return deptService.queryById(id);
}
@GetMapping("/dept/list")
public List<Dept> queryAll(){
return deptService.queryAll();
}
}
9、编写提供者dept的启动类
package com.study.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
//启动类
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptProvider_8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptProvider_8001.class,args);
}
}
10、运行测试
项目目录结构!
消费者服务
四、新建消费者模块 springcloud-consumer-dept-80
1、导入相关依赖
<!--实体类+web,主要根前端打交道-->
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.study</groupId>
<artifactId>springcloud-api</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<version>2.3.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、编写application.yaml
server:
port: 80
3、编写config层
package com.study.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ConfigBean { //相当于spring里面的applicationContext.xml
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
4、编写controller
package com.study.springcloud.controller;
import com.study.springcloud.pojo.Dept;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
public class DeptConsumerController {
//消费者不应该有service层,怎么才能拿到service层?
//RestTemplate,注册到spring中
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;//提供多种便捷访问远程http服务器的方法,简单的Restful服务模板
//访问地址是localhost:8081开头,所以直接提取出来
private static final String REST_URL_PREFIX = "localhost:8081/";
@RequestMapping("consumer/dept/add")
private boolean add(Dept dept){
//getForObject三个主要参数URI url, Class<T> responseType
return restTemplate.postForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/add",dept,Boolean.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/get/{id}")
public Dept get(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/get/"+id,Dept.class);
}
@RequestMapping("/consumer/dept/list")
public List<Dept> list(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(REST_URL_PREFIX+"/dept/list",List.class);
}
}
5、编写启动类
package com.study.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class DeptConsumer_80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DeptConsumer_80.class,args);
}
}
模块目录结构
五、启动测试
1、启动springcloud-provider-dept-8001测试
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2、再启动springcloud-consumer-dept-80测试
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