0.
requests不设置UA 访问baidu 得到 r.headers['Content-Type'] 是text/html 使用chrome UA： Content-Type:text/html; charset=utf-8
1.参考
iso-8859是什么？ 他又被叫做Latin-1或“西欧语言”
补丁：
import requests
def monkey_patch():
prop = requests.models.Response.content
def content(self):
_content = prop.fget(self)
if self.encoding == 'ISO-8859-1':
encodings = requests.utils.get_encodings_from_content(_content)
if encodings:
self.encoding = encodings[0]
else:
self.encoding = self.apparent_encoding
_content = _content.decode(self.encoding, 'replace').encode('utf8', 'replace')
self._content = _content
return _content
requests.models.Response.content = property(content)
monkey_patch()
2.原因
In [291]: r = requests.get('http://cn.python-requests.org/en/latest/')
In [292]: r.headers.get('content-type')
Out[292]: 'text/html; charset=utf-8'
In [293]: r.encoding
Out[293]: 'utf-8'
In [294]: rc = requests.get('http://python3-cookbook.readthedocs.io/zh_CN/latest/index.html')
In [296]: rc.headers.get('content-type')
Out[296]: 'text/html'
In [298]: rc.encoding
Out[298]: 'ISO-8859-1'
response text 异常
In [312]: rc.text
Out[312]: u'\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->\n<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->\n<head>\n <meta charset="ut
f-8">\n \n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\n \n <title>Python Cookbook 3rd Edition Documentation — python3-cookbook 2.0.0 \xe6\x96\x87\xe6\xa1\xa3</tit
le>\n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://media.readthedocs.org/css/sphinx_rtd_theme.css" type="text/css" />\n \n\n \n <l
ink rel="index" title="\xe7\xb4\xa2\xe5\xbc\x95"\n href="genindex.html"/>\n <link rel="search" title="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\xb4\xa2" href="search.html"/>\n <link rel="copyright"
title="\xe7\x89\x88\xe6\x9d\x83\xe6\x89\x80\xe6\x9c\x89" href="copyright.html"/>\n <link rel="top" title="python3-cookbook 2.0.0 \xe6\x96\x87\xe6\xa1\xa3" href="#"/>\n <link rel="next" title In [313]: rc.content
Out[313]: '\n\n<!DOCTYPE html>\n<!--[if IE 8]><html class="no-js lt-ie9" lang="en" > <![endif]-->\n<!--[if gt IE 8]><!--> <html class="no-js" lang="en" > <!--<![endif]-->\n<head>\n <meta charset="utf
-8">\n \n <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">\n \n <title>Python Cookbook 3rd Edition Documentation — python3-cookbook 2.0.0 \xe6\x96\x87\xe6\xa1\xa3</titl
e>\n \n\n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://media.readthedocs.org/css/sphinx_rtd_theme.css" type="text/css" />\n \n\n \n <li
nk rel="index" title="\xe7\xb4\xa2\xe5\xbc\x95"\n href="genindex.html"/>\n <link rel="search" title="\xe6\x90\x9c\xe7\xb4\xa2" href="search.html"/>\n <link rel="copyright" t
itle="\xe7\x89\x88\xe6\x9d\x83\xe6\x89\x80\xe6\x9c\x89" href="copyright.html"/>\n <link rel="top" title="python3-cookbook 2.0.0 \xe6\x96\x87\xe6\xa1\xa3" href="#"/>\n <link rel="next" title=
response headers有'content-type'而且没有charset而且有'text'，同时满足三个条件导致判定'ISO-8859-1'
参考文章说 python3 没有问题，实测有。
C:\Program Files\Anaconda2\Lib\site-packages\requests\utils.py
20180102 补充：# "Content-Type": "application/json" 对应 r.encoding 为 None
def get_encoding_from_headers(headers):
"""Returns encodings from given HTTP Header Dict. :param headers: dictionary to extract encoding from.
:rtype: str
""" content_type = headers.get('content-type') if not content_type:
return None content_type, params = cgi.parse_header(content_type) if 'charset' in params:
return params['charset'].strip("'\"") if 'text' in content_type:
return 'ISO-8859-1'
C:\Program Files\Anaconda2\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py
class HTTPAdapter(BaseAdapter):
def build_response(self, req, resp):
# Set encoding.
response.encoding = get_encoding_from_headers(response.headers)
3.解决办法
参考文章打补丁或：
20180102 补充： if resp.encoding == 'ISO-8859-1': 修改为 if r.encoding == 'ISO-8859-1' and not 'ISO-8859-1' in headers.get('content-type', ''): 即只处理按照协议最后返回的 'ISO-8859-1'
if r.encoding == 'ISO-8859-1' and not 'ISO-8859-1' in headers.get('content-type', ''):
encodings = requests.utils.get_encodings_from_content(resp.content) #re.compile(r'<meta.*?charset #源代码没有利用这个方法
if encodings:
resp.encoding = encodings[0]
else:
resp.encoding = resp.apparent_encoding #models.py chardet.detect(self.content)['encoding'] 消耗计算 # resp.text >>> if self.encoding is None: encoding = self.apparent_encoding
print 'ISO-8859-1 changed to %s'%resp.encoding