一、CentOS/Red Hat
yum = Yellow dog Updater, Modified
(1)yum配置文件
(在CentOS下,默认安装yum,无须配置即可使用)
1) /etc/yum.conf #yum主配文件
[main]
keepcache=0
debuglevel=2 #debug级别
logfile=/var/log/yum.log #日志文件
exactarch=1
obsoletes=1
gpgcheck=1 #gpg校验
plugins=1
2) /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo #yum资源库
[updates]
name=Centos updates #库名
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/ #yum源路径
enabled=1 #是否开启yum资源库,需要开启。
gpgcheck=0 #是否开启gpgcheck校验,1为开启,不开启可加快安装速度
#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 #pggkey所在位置,可用rpm --import 导入
(2)yum命令
yum check-update #检查可更新软件包
yum update pkg-name #升级所有软件包
yum install pkg-name #yum包安装
yum remove pkg-name #删除包,包括与该包有倚赖性的包
yum clean packages/headers #yum清除缓存rpm包/包头文件
yum clean all #清除所有缓存信息
yum list #列出所有可用rpm包
yum list installed #列出所有已安装的rpm包
yum iist updates #列出所有可以更新的rpm包
yum info [pkg-name] #yum包信息
yum info updates/installed/available #可以更新/已安装包/可升级 包信息
yum search pkg-name #搜索包含特定字符的包
yum grouplist #列出所有组信息
yum groupinstall group-name #组安装
yum groupupdate group-name #组升级
(3)yum使用
yum -y install yum-fastestmirror #自动搜索最快镜像插件
yum -y install gcc-c++ #c++安装
yum groupinstall "X Window System" #CentOS X Window 安装
yum info gcc-c++ #查看gcc-c++详细信息
yum list | grep pcre #查看有关pcre所有包
二、Ubuntu/Debian
(1)配置文件
1) /etc/apt/sources.list #软件资源地址列表
deb [web或ftp地址] [发行版本名] [main/contrib/no-fredd]
2) /var/cache/apt/archives #默认安装软件包存放位置
(2)apt-get基本命令
apt-get update #更新软件包信息库
apt-get install pkg-name1 pkg-name2 ...
apt-get --reinstall install pkg-name[-] #重新安装软件包,包名后加减号会删除软件包
apt-get -d install pkg-name #仅下载,不安装
apt-get remove pkg-name1 pkg-name2
apt-get purge #删除包和配置文件
apt-get source pkg-name1 pkg-name2 #下载源码软件包
apt-get clean #删除/var/cache/apt/archives下所有软件包
apt-get aotoclean #删除已下载旧软件包
apt-get dselect-upgrade #根据dselect推荐功能更新系统
(3)apt-cache 软件包管理工具
apt-cache show pkg-name #显示软件信息
apt-cache search pkg-name #搜索软件包,支持正则
apt-cache showpkg pkg-name #显示软件包依赖关系
apt-cache policy pkg-name #显示安装包安装状态
apt-cache depends pkg-name #指定软件包所依赖软件包
apt-cache rdepends pkg-name #依赖于指定包的软件包
(4)apt-file 软件包查找工具,查找软件包所含文件和安装位置
apt-file update #更新软件包文件库
apt-file search file-name #查找文件所在软件包
apt-file list pkg-name #显示该软件包文件
dpkg -i unzip_6.0-4ubuntu2.5_amd64.deb
三、Solaris 10
(1)配置文件
/etc/opt/csw/pkgutil.conf
/opt/csw/etc/pkgutil.conf
http://mirror.opencsw.org/opencsw/stable/i386/5.10
两个配置文件相同:
This may seem confusing, the reason why there are two is that it is possible to run OpenCSW in a sparse root environment where /opt is not writable. In this scenario you use configurations in /opt/csw/etc for global settings and /etc/opt/csw for zone-specific setting. Both pkgutil.conf are identical on installation with all configuration options commented out, so you can just pick one for now. As a rule of thumb it is recommended to prefer the more prominent /etc/opt/csw
(2)pkgutil 安装
软件包安装
pkgadd -d http://get.opencsw.org/now
设置环境变量
PATH=$PATH:/opt/csw/bin
MANPATH=$MANPATH:/opt/csw/share/man
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/opt/csw/lib
export PATH MANPATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
(3) pkgutil 命令
pkgutil -a gcc #available , 查询所有与gcc有关软件包
-i #install 安装
-u #upgrade 升级软件包
-r #remove 删除软件包
-d #download only ,仅下载不安装
-U #update catalog
(4)pkgutil 加密认证
1) First you need to install cswpki
pkgutil -y -i cswpki
2) Then you need to import the public key:
/opt/csw/bin/cswpki --import
echo "pki_auto=yes" >>/etc/opt/csw/csw.conf
3) The current fingerprint looks like this:
pub 1024D/9306CC77 2011-08-31
Key fingerprint = 4DCE 3C80 AAB2 CAB1 E60C 9A3C 05F4 2D66 9306 CC77
uid OpenCSW catalog signing <board@opencsw.org>
sub 2048g/971EDE93 2011-08-31
4)You may also trust the key once you verified the fingerprint:
/opt/csw/bin/gpg --homedir=/var/opt/csw/pki --edit-key board@opencsw.org trust
5) Now everything is in place for enabling security in pkgutil. Edit the /etc/opt/csw/pkgutil.conf and uncomment the two lines withuse_gpg and use_md5 so they look like this:
vi /etc/opt/csw/pkgutil.conf
use_gpg = true
use_md5 = true
6 )You can verify that it worked with pkgutil -V:
show_current true (default: true)
stop_on_hook_soft_error not set (default: false)
use_gpg true (default: false)
use_md5 true (default: false)
wgetopts not set (default: none)
详细参数查看:
Ubuntu: man apt-get / apt-get -h
Solaris: man pkgutil /pkgutil -h
CentOS : yum -h
参考连接:
pkgutil http://www.opencsw.org/manual/for-administrators/getting-started.html#
apt-get http://man.chinaunix.net/linux/debian/debian_learning/ch03.html
http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/apt-howto/ch-apt-get.en.html