ArrayList
字段
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;
/**
* Default initial capacity.
* 默认的初始化容量
*/
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
* 用于替换空实例的数组对象,传入的initalCapcity为0时使用这个,
* 当添加第一个元素的时候,扩展为1 ===》 0 + (0 >> 1) = 1;
*/
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
* distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
* first element is added.
* 使用默认容量的数据替换空实例对象
* 没有传入initalCapcity时用这个,那么当添加第一个元素的时候,直接扩容成10
*/
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
/**
* The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
* The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
* empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
* will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
* 数据存放处
* ArrayList的容量就是该array的长度。
* 当第一个元素加入时,任何具有DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA空的ArrayList将会被扩容到DEFAULT_CAPACITY个元素
*/
transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access
/**
* The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
* ArrayList存放数据的个数(并不等于elementData.length)
* @serial
*/
private int size;
这里为什么要***EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA***和***DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA***呢?它们不都是为空的吗?
– 扩容时不一样
DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA:第一次扩容时至少扩容到默认容量10(如果add的是一个集合,那就不一定是默认容量了)
EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA:第一次扩容时容量至少为1;
方法
指定默认容量:若指定默认容量为0,则将elementData=EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;此后,若add一个新的元素,ArrayList将会扩容为1。
public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
if (initialCapacity > 0) {
this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
} else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
} else {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
initialCapacity);
}
}
// 扩容
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
------
int newCapacity = 0 + (0 >> 1) = 1;
使用默认的构造方法:第一次add元素的时候,ArrayList会扩容到DEFAULTCAPACITY=10的大小
public ArrayList() {
this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
// 扩容
// 如果elementData是DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
// 返回新容量与DEFAULT_CAPACITY的最大值(第一次添加就要扩容了,当然是DEFAULT_CAPACITY为最大值。
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
return minCapacity;
使用Collection作为参数,转换为ArrayList
/**
* Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
* iterator.
*
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
// Collection类型的数据转换为数组,赋予elementData
elementData = c.toArray();
// 如果elementData不为空
if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
// c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
// Collection的toArray方法是不能返回元素是数组类型的
if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
// 如果不是Object[].class要转化为Object[].class
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
} else {
// replace with empty array.
// 为空的话,赋予EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA给elementData即可
this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
}
}
trimToSize
/** 清理无用的空间
* Trims the capacity of this <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance to be the
* list's current size. An application can use this operation to minimize
* the storage of an <tt>ArrayList</tt> instance.
*/
public void trimToSize() {
// modCount是一个标志,ArrayList修改的时候会使其变化
modCount++;
// 清理的前提肯定是size比elementData长度小啊
if (
< elementData.length) {
// 如果size为0,也就是此时elementData已经没有元素了,就将EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA赋予给elementData
// 否则就将elementData中没有存放数据的地方压缩掉
elementData = (size == 0)
? EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
: Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size);
}
}
add(E)
/** 添加元素(尾部)
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
// 检查一下容量是否足够
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
// 检查容量(内部)
// minCapacity是最小要满足的容量(因为还可能会扩容,但无论如何,要确保大于等于minCapacity)
private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
// 确保容量
ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
}
// 计算容量
private static int calculateCapacity(Object[] elementData, int minCapacity) {
// 返回新容量与DEFAULT_CAPACITY的最大值(第一次添加就要扩容了,当然是DEFAULT_CAPACITY为最大值。
// 这里其实就是当没有传入具体容量的时候,第一次默认扩容为默认容量,也就是0,
// 但是还有一种情况就是,如果传入的是一个集合,那么第一次扩容还是得看集合的长度的
if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
return Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
}
// 直接返回minCapacity
return minCapacity;
}
// 确认真正的容量
private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
modCount++;
// overflow-conscious code
// 因为传进来的是minCapacity = size+1,所以还不一定要扩容呢。
// 这里为啥不直接弄成minCapacity > elementData.length,搞迷糊了
if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
// 容量不够,扩容!
grow(minCapacity);
}
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
// 新容量为旧容量的1.5倍
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
// 如果扩容后还是比minCapacity小,那就直接用minCapacity作为新容量了
// 如果是一次加入太多的元素,那么如果容量提升到1.5倍也是不够用的话,就用最小容量minCapacity作为新的容量
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
newCapacity = minCapacity;
// 如果新容量比MAX_ARRAY_SIZE还大,MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8
// 为什么Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8要减去8呢?
// 因为有些VM需要在数组中保留一些标头字段,要占用一些位置
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
// 新容量太大了,这里用minCapacity来处理
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
// elementData复制一下,扩容
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
// 溢出了,变负数了
if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
throw new OutOfMemoryError();
// 返回Integer.MAX_VALUE或者MAX_ARRAY_SIZE
return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
Integer.MAX_VALUE :
MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
}
看图:
add(i, E)
/** 添加元素 add(特定位置)
* Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this
* list. Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and
* any subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
*
* @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
* @param element element to be inserted
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
// 检查插入位置的合法性
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
// 检查容量(内部),前面已经讲过
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
// 复制,将index后面所有的元素往后移动一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + 1,
size - index);
// 将index位置设为element
elementData[index] = element;
size++;
}
// 检查插入位置的合法性
private void rangeCheckForAdd(int index) {
if (index > size || index < 0)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
addAll
// 在elementData尾部添加c
public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends E> c) {
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
// 同上
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
// 在elementData尾部添加
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, size, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
// 在elementData的index位置后添加c(该方法不会覆盖以前的数据,而是将原有位置的数据往后移动)
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection<? extends E> c) {
// 检查index的合法性
rangeCheckForAdd(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
// 同上
ensureCapacityInternal(size + numNew); // Increments modCount
// numMoved是index距离size的大小(左边为正,右边为负)
// numMoved:需要移动的元素个数
int numMoved = size - index;
// index在原数组内部
if (numMoved > 0)
// 移动复制
// src, srcPos, dest, destPos, length
System.arraycopy(elementData, index, elementData, index + numNew,
numMoved);
// 在elementData的index位置后添加
System.arraycopy(a, 0, elementData, index, numNew);
size += numNew;
return numNew != 0;
}
remove
/** 移除特定位置的元素
* Removes the element at the specified position in this list.
* Shifts any subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their
* indices).
*
* @param index the index of the element to be removed
* @return the element that was removed from the list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
// 检查index的合法性
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
// 保存旧值
E oldValue = elementData(index);
// 需要移动的元素的个数(这里还要减1是因为index是0开始的)
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
// index往后的所有元素往前移动一位
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
// 非元素位置null(为了让GC回收该位置的元素,清除引用)
// jvm用的是引用计数算法或者可达性分析算法进行GC
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
// 返回旧值(移除的值)
return oldValue;
}
/**
* 这里不检查index为负数的情况,数组访问之前就会判断访问下标是否为负数
* 为负数抛ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
*
* Checks if the given index is in range. If not, throws an appropriate
* runtime exception. This method does *not* check if the index is
* negative: It is always used immediately prior to an array access,
* which throws an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException if index is negative.
*/
private void rangeCheck(int index) {
// 只判断是否越上界
if (index >= size)
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
/**
* 移除首个特定元素
* Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
* if it is present. If the list does not contain the element, it is
* unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
* <tt>i</tt> such that
* <tt>(o==null && get(i)==null && o.equals(get(i)))</tt>
* (if such an element exists). Returns <tt>true</tt> if this list
* contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
* changed as a result of the call).
*
* @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
* @return <tt>true</tt> if this list contained the specified element
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
// 元素也是可以为null的
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
// 快速移除
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
// 没什么好讲的了,就是遍历,找第一个值相等的元素,有就true,无就false
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
fastRemove
/*
* 该方法和remove方法相比,少了一个检查边界的步骤。其余与remove方法无不同
* 为什么不用检查边界了呢?
* 答案很明显,该方法是在remove(Object)里面的迭代里面调用的,自然不会出现边界问题
* Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
* return the value removed.
*/
private void fastRemove(int index) {
modCount++;
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
// 同上
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
}
removeRange*
/**
* 移除特定范围的元素,没有返回值
* 修饰符为protected,暂不提供给外部使用
* Removes from this list all of the elements whose index is between
* {@code fromIndex}, inclusive, and {@code toIndex}, exclusive.
* Shifts any succeeding elements to the left (reduces their index).
* This call shortens the list by {@code (toIndex - fromIndex)} elements.
* (If {@code toIndex==fromIndex}, this operation has no effect.)
* 判定是否越界(在哪检查的呢?)
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if {@code fromIndex} or
* {@code toIndex} is out of range
* ({@code fromIndex < 0 ||
* fromIndex >= size() ||
* toIndex > size() ||
* toIndex < fromIndex})
*/
protected void removeRange(int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
modCount++;
// 需要移动的范围
int numMoved = size - toIndex;
// 移动
System.arraycopy(elementData, toIndex, elementData, fromIndex,
numMoved);
// clear to let GC do its work
// 其余无用元素全部设置为null
int newSize = size - (toIndex-fromIndex);
for (int i = newSize; i < size; i++) {
elementData[i] = null;
}
// 设置新size
size = newSize;
}
removeAll
/**
* 在list里面移除collection所包含的全部元素
* Removes from this list all of its elements that are contained in the
* specified collection.
*/
public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
// 检查c是否是null,若为null,抛NullPointerException
Objects.requireNonNull(c);
// 批量移除
return batchRemove(c, false);
}
Objects.requireNonNull:
public static <T> T requireNonNull(T obj) {
if (obj == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
return obj;
}
private boolean batchRemove(Collection<?> c, boolean complement) {
final Object[] elementData = this.elementData;
int r = 0, w = 0;
boolean modified = false;
try {
// 遍历
for (; r < size; r++)
// removeAll传来的是complement是false
// 这里的complement很厉害,如果为false,则说明去除包含的元素
// 如果为true,说明保留包含的元素(retain)
// 反正就是,能进入if里面的元素,就能保存
if (c.contains(elementData[r]) == complement)
// 从0开始保存目标元素
elementData[w++] = elementData[r];
} finally {
// 这里是是为了兼容AbstractCollection啥啥啥的,不重要。
// 如果是r!=size,那么说明c.contains抛异常了
// Preserve behavioral compatibility with AbstractCollection,
// even if c.contains() throws.
if (r != size) {
System.arraycopy(elementData, r,
elementData, w,
size - r);
w += size - r;
}
// w != size 说明不是所有元素都要清除或者保留
if (w != size) {
// 老规矩,置null
// clear to let GC do its work
for (int i = w; i < size; i++)
elementData[i] = null;
modCount += size - w;
size = w;
modified = true;
}
}
return modified;
}