下面介绍一下自己写的python程序，主要是的知识点为sys、os、json、pickle的模块应用，python程序包的的使用，以及关于类的使用。
下面是我的程序目录：
bin是存放一些执行文件course.py下面是这个文件的内容：
import sys,os
#程序主目录
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
print(BASE_DIR)
#添加环境变量
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR)
from core import main
if __name__ == '__main__':
a =main.Run()
a.interactive()
这个文件是对os,sys模块的应用；
BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
这里的os.path.abspath(__file__)是查看当前文件的所在位置。例如：
D:\python项目\选课系统\course_system\bin\course.py
这里的os.path.abspath是上一级目录例如：print（BASE_DIR）
D:\python项目\选课系统\course_system
sys.path.append(BASE_DIR) 括号里面是模块引用的地址，我们可以理解把这个模块得知设置成环境变量。
from core import main 导入core包中的main文件
这里是core包中udi.py文件
import hashlib
import time
def create_md():
m = hashlib.md5()
m.update(bytes(str(time.time()),encoding="utf-8"))
return m.hexdigest()
在python中hashlib提供了常见的摘要算法，如MD5，SHA1等等。它通过一个函数，把任意长度的数据转换为一个长度固定的数据串（通常用16进制的字符串表示）。为了给学生生成一个随机不重复的uid。
这里是core包中main.py文件内容
import sys,os
import json #这里说一下json这个模块，java之中也有应用，所以一些数据也可以给java去用。
import pickle
from bin import course
from core import uid
#数据库文件路径
db_DIR = course.BASE_DIR + r"\db"
db_school = db_DIR + r"\school"
db_teacher = db_DIR + r"\teacher"
db_student = db_DIR + r"\student"
db_classes = db_DIR + r"\classes"
db_course = db_DIR + r"\course"
db_admin = db_DIR + r"\admin"
db_class_record = db_DIR + r"\class_record"
db_class_grade = db_DIR + r"\class_grade"
#基础类，主要包括文件的读写操作
class Baseclass(object): #在python3中全部是新式类，但是建议还是这样写。在python2中存在经典类和新式类；例如：class Baseclass: 这种在python中是经典类，而class Baseclass(object):这样是新式类。有关它们的区别，我会在下一篇博客中具体说明。
def __init__(self):
pass
def save(self,type,dict):
filename = uid.create_md()
dict['uid'] = filename
file_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)
ab_file = "%s\%s" %(file_path,filename)
if os.path.isdir(file_path):
with open(ab_file,"wb") as f:
f.write(pickle.dumps(dict))
if True:
print(
"-------",type,"创建成功","-------")
for key in dict:
print(key,":\t",dict[key])
def seek_list(self,type,list):
filename = uid.create_md()
file_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)
ab_file = "%s\%s" %(file_path,filename)
if os.path.isdir(file_path):
with open(ab_file,"wb") as f:
f.write(pickle.dumps(list))
if True:
print(
"-------",type,"创建成功","-------")
for i in list:
for key in i:
print(key,i[key])
print("\n")
return True
def open(self,type):
all_data = []
db_path = "%s\%s" %(db_DIR,type)
for i in os.listdir(db_path):
if os.path.isfile(os.path.join(db_path,i)):
db_file = os.path.join(db_path,i)
with open(db_file,"rb") as f:
file_dict = pickle.load(f)
all_data.append(file_dict)
return all_data
#admin类
class Admin(Baseclass):
def __init__(self):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
def create_school(self):
school_dict = {}
school_name = input("校名：")
school_address = input("地址：")
s1 = School(school_name, school_address)
school_dict["校名"] = s1.school_name
school_dict["地址"] = s1.school_address
Baseclass.save(self, "school", school_dict)
def create_teacher(self):
teacher_dict = {}
teacher_name = input("讲师姓名：")
teacher_salary = input("讲师工资：")
teacher_school = input("所属学校：")
t1 = Teacher(teacher_name, teacher_salary, teacher_school)
teacher_dict["姓名"] = t1.teacher_name
teacher_dict["工资"] = t1.teacher_salary
teacher_dict["所属学校"] = t1.teacher_school
print(teacher_dict)
Baseclass.save(self, "teacher", teacher_dict)
def create_student(self):
student_dict = {}
student_name = input("学员姓名：")
student_sex = input("学员性别：")
student_school = input("所属学校：")
student_classes = input("学员班级：")
st1 = Student(student_name, student_sex, student_school, student_classes)
student_dict["姓名"] = st1.student_name
student_dict["性别"] = st1.student_sex
student_dict["学校"] = st1.student_school
student_dict["班级"] = st1.student_classes
Baseclass.save(self, "student", student_dict)
def create_course(self):
course_dict = {}
course_name = input("课程名：")
course_period = input("周期：")
course_prices = input("价格：")
c1 = Course(course_name, course_period, course_prices)
course_dict["课程名"] = c1.course_name
course_dict["周期"] = c1.course_period
course_dict["价格"] = course_prices
Baseclass.save(self, "course", course_dict)
def create_classes(self):
classes_dict = {}
classes_name = input("班级名：")
classes_teachter = input("负责讲师：")
classes_course = input("所学课程：")
cs1 = Classes(classes_name, classes_teachter, classes_course)
classes_dict["班级名"] = cs1.classes_name
classes_dict["负责讲师"] = cs1.classes_teacher
classes_dict["课程"] = cs1.classes_course
Baseclass.save(self, "classes", classes_dict)
#School类
class School(Baseclass):
def __init__(self,school_name,school_address):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
self.school_name = school_name
self.school_address = school_address
#teacher类
class Teacher(Baseclass):
def __init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
self.teacher_name = teacher_name
self.teacher_salary = teacher_salary
self.teacher_school = teacher_school
def create_class_record(self):
class_record = []
student_school = input("选择学校：")
student_classes = input("选择班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
student_list = Baseclass.open(self,"student")
for i in student_list:
if i["学校"] == student_school and i["班级"] == student_classes:
student_name = i["姓名"]
student_status = input("%s 上课情况：" % student_name)
i["上课情况"] = student_status
i["课次"] = student_times
class_record.append(i)
Baseclass.seek_list(self,"class_record",class_record)
def create_class_grade(self):
class_grade = []
student_school = input("选择学校：")
student_classes = input("选择班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
student_list = Baseclass.open(self,"student")
for i in student_list:
if i["学校"] == student_school and i["班级"] == student_classes:
student_name = i["姓名"]
student_grade = input("%s 成绩：" % student_name)
i["成绩"] = student_grade
i["课次"] = student_times
class_grade.append(i)
Baseclass.seek_list(self,"class_grade",class_grade)
def teacher_view_grade(self):
grade_list = []
student_school = input("校名：")
student_class = input("班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
class_grade_list = Baseclass.open(self, "class_grade")
for i in class_grade_list:
for j in i:
if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times:
grade_list.append(j)
for i in grade_list:
for key in i:
print(key,i[key])
print("\n")
def tacher_view_record(self):
record_list = []
student_school = input("校名：")
student_class = input("班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
class_record_list = Baseclass.open(self, "class_record")
for i in class_record_list:
for j in i:
if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times:
record_list.append(j)
for i in record_list:
for key in i:
print(key,i[key])
print("\n")
#classes类
class Course(Baseclass):
def __init__(self,course_name,course_period,course_prices):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
self.course_name = course_name
self.course_period = course_period
self.course_prices = course_prices
#student类
class Student(Baseclass):
def __init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
self.student_name = student_name
self.student_sex = student_sex
self.student_school = student_school
self.student_classes = student_classes
def student_registered(self):
student_dict = {}
print("欢迎进入学生注册系统")
student_name = input("注册姓名：")
student_sex = input("性别：")
student_school = input("学校：")
student_class = input("班级：")
st1 = Student(student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_class)
student_dict["姓名"] = st1.student_name
student_dict["性别"] = st1.student_sex
student_dict["学校"] = st1.student_school
student_dict["班级"] = st1.student_classes
Baseclass.save(self, "student", student_dict)
def student_pay_fees(self):
pass
def student_view_grade(self):
student_school = input("校名：")
student_class = input("班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
student_name = input("姓名：")
class_grade_list = Baseclass.open(self,"class_grade")
for i in class_grade_list:
for j in i:
if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times \
and j["姓名"] == student_name:
for key in j:
print(key,j[key])
print("\n")
def student_view_record(self):
student_school = input("校名：")
student_class = input("班级：")
student_times = input("课次：")
student_name = input("姓名：")
class_record_list = Baseclass.open(self,"class_record")
for i in class_record_list:
for j in i:
if j["学校"] == student_school and j["班级"] == student_class and j["课次"] == student_times \
and j["姓名"] == student_name:
for key in j:
print(key,j[key])
print("\n")
#课程类
class Classes(Baseclass):
def __init__(self,classes_name,classes_teachter,classes_course):
Baseclass.__init__(self)
self.classes_name = classes_name
self.classes_teacher = classes_teachter
self.classes_course = classes_course
#管理员视图，继承Admin类
class Admin_view(Admin):
def __init__(self):
Admin.__init__(self)
def auth(self,username,password):
admin_file = "%s/%s.json" %(db_admin,username)
if os.path.isfile(admin_file):
with open(admin_file, 'r') as f:
admin_data = json.load(f)
if admin_data["name"] == username and admin_data["password"] == password:
return True
else:
print("用户名或密码错误")
def login(self):
menu = u'''
------- 欢迎进入管理视图 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 校区管理
2. 讲师管理
3. 学员管理
4. 课程管理
5. 返回
\033[0m'''
menu_dic = {
'1': Admin_view.school_manager,
'2': Admin_view.teacher_manager,
'3': Admin_view.student_manager,
'4': Admin_view.course_manager,
'5': "logout",
}
username = input("输入用户名:").strip()
password = input("输入密码:").strip()
auth = Admin_view.auth(self,username,password)
if auth:
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print(menu)
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if option in menu_dic:
if int(option) == 5:
exit_flag = True
else:
print(menu_dic[option])
menu_dic[option](self)
else:
print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")
def school_manager(self):
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print("""
------- 欢迎进入校区管理 ---------
\033[32;1m1. 创建校区
2. 创建班级
3. 返回
\033[0m
""")
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if int(option) == 1:
Admin.create_school(self)
elif int(option) == 2:
Admin.create_classes(self)
else:
exit_flag = True
def teacher_manager(self):
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print("""
------- 欢迎进入讲师管理 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 创建讲师
2. ...
3. 返回
\033[0m
""")
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if int(option) == 1:
Admin.create_teacher(self)
elif int(option) == 2:
print("扩展中")
else:
exit_flag = True
def student_manager(self):
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print("""
------- 欢迎进入学员管理 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 创建学员
2. ...
3. 返回
\033[0m
""")
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if int(option) == 1:
Admin.create_student(self)
elif int(option) == 2:
print("扩展中")
else:
exit_flag = True
def course_manager(self):
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print("""
------- 欢迎进入课程管理 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 创建课程
2. ...
3. 返回
\033[0m
""")
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if int(option) == 1:
Admin.create_course(self)
elif int(option) == 2:
print("扩展中")
else:
exit_flag = True
#讲师视图类，继承Teacher类
class Teacher_view(Teacher,):
def __init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school):
Teacher.__init__(self,teacher_name,teacher_salary,teacher_school)
def login(self):
menu = u'''
------- 欢迎进入讲师视图 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 创建上课记录
2. 创建学员成绩
3. 查看学员上课记录
4. 查看学员成绩
5. 返回
\033[0m'''
menu_dic = {
'1': Teacher.create_class_record,
'2': Teacher.create_class_grade,
'3': Teacher.tacher_view_record,
'4': Teacher.teacher_view_grade,
'5': "logout",
}
if True:
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print(menu)
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if option in menu_dic:
if int(option) == 5:
exit_flag = True
else:
print(menu_dic[option])
menu_dic[option](self)
else:
print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")
#学员视图类，继承Student类
class Student_view(Student):
def __init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes):
Student.__init__(self,student_name,student_sex,student_school,student_classes)
def login(self):
menu = u'''
------- 欢迎进入学生管理视图 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 注册
2. 交学费
3. 查看上课记录
4. 查看作业成绩
5. 返回
\033[0m'''
menu_dic = {
'1': Student.student_registered,
'2': Student.student_pay_fees,
'3': Student.student_view_record,
'4': Student.student_view_grade,
'5': "logout",
}
if True:
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print(menu)
option = input("请选择：").strip()
if option in menu_dic:
if int(option) == 5:
exit_flag = True
else:
menu_dic[option](self)
else:
print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")
#程序交互类
class Run(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def interactive(self):
menu = u'''
------- 欢迎进入选课系统 ---------
\033[32;1m 1. 学生视图
2. 讲师视图
3. 管理视图
4. 退出
\033[0m'''
menu_dic = {
'1': Student_view,
'2': Teacher_view,
'3': Admin_view,
# '4': logout,
}
exit_flag = False
while not exit_flag:
print(menu)
option_view = input("请选择视图：").strip()
if option_view in menu_dic:
if int(option_view) == 4:
exit_flag = True
else:
menu_dic[option_view].login(self)
else:
print("\033[31;1m输入错误，重新输入\033[0m")
写程序的的时候最好先把一个框架先写出来，最后再往里边填写东西。
这是程序执行效果
不在过多演示了
因为毕竟是刚刚学习python，这里也借鉴了很多网友的代码，所以也非诚感谢这些人。