maven使用实战
创建项目
在eclipse中创建maven项目之后,会生成.classpath / .setting / .project 三个文件或者文件夹
.classpath
这个文件是用来说明这个工程的项目环境的
比如
- kind=src: 用来表示源文件地址
- kind=con: 表示运行的系统环境
- kind=lib: 表示工程的library具体位置
- kind=output: 表示工程的输出目录
.project
这个文件表示说明这个工程的描述信息
比如:
- name: 表示工程名字
- comment: 表示工程描述
.settings
描述各种插件的配置文件
pom.xml
这个就是maven的配置文件了
eclipse使用maven
创建
当使用eclipse创建一个maven项目的时候,pom如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.yejianfeng</groupId>
<artifactId>maventest</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>maventest</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
看文件目录,其实只有两个文件夹src和target
maven install
当我们调用
mvn install
的时候,我们看到下面的信息
➜ maventest mvn install
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building maventest 0.0.1-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Using 'UTF-8' encoding to copy filtered resources.
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/target/test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/target/surefire-reports
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.pom
Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.pom (1.7 kB at 3.4 kB/s)
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-providers/2.12.4/surefire-providers-2.12.4.pom
Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-providers/2.12.4/surefire-providers-2.12.4.pom (2.3 kB at 9.1 kB/s)
Downloading: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.jar
Downloaded: http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/org/apache/maven/surefire/surefire-junit3/2.12.4/surefire-junit3-2.12.4.jar (26 kB at 95 kB/s)
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running com.yejianfeng.maventest.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.012 sec
Results :
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Building jar: /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-install-plugin:2.4:install (default-install) @ maventest ---
[INFO] Installing /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar to /Users/yejianfeng/.m2/repository/com/yejianfeng/maventest/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] Installing /Users/yejianfeng/Documents/didi/workspace/maventest/pom.xml to /Users/yejianfeng/.m2/repository/com/yejianfeng/maventest/0.0.1-SNAPSHOT/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.pom
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 4.993 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-08-30T11:06:34+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 21M/208M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
可以清晰看到,这个install经过了:
- resources
- compile
- testResources
- testCompile
- test
- package(jar)
- install
环节,这个是packaging为jar的默认构建阶段,我们使用mvn install, 就执行到install为止
增加依赖库
我们引用了一个json依赖包,修改pom增加json库:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.json</groupId>
<artifactId>json</artifactId>
<version>20160810</version>
</dependency>
增加了对应的代码:
public class App
{
public static void main( String[] args )
{
System.out.println( "Hello World!" );
String json = "{'name':'yejianfeng','age':20}";
String name = getName(json);
System.out.println("name is " + name);
}
public static String getName(String json)
{
JSONObject jsonobj = new JSONObject(json);
String name = jsonobj.getString("name");
return name;
}
}
和测试代码:
public class AppTest extends TestCase
{
...
public void testGetName()
{
String json = "{'name':'yejianfeng','age':20}";
String name = App.getName(json);
assertEquals("yejianfeng", name);
}
}
我们再运行mvn install,看到执行了2个测试用例。
测试覆盖率报告
我们想知道这个测试覆盖了哪些代码,这个时候就需要有测试覆盖率了。我们使用jacoco来生成测试覆盖率报告。JaCoCo的官网在:http://www.eclemma.org/jacoco/
我们可以通过maven-help-plugin来查看这个jacoco插件的goal和具体的参数
mvn help:describe -Dplugin=org.jacoco:jacoco-maven-plugin -Ddetail
我们着重看两个goal,一个是prepare-agent,一个是report
prepare-agent的说明文档,它的目标就是为测试的JVM设置属性和参数,做一些遇上线之前的操作。jacoco的原理大概就是在JVM前面启动一个agent,这个agent负责传递参数给JVM,和收集JVM的运行结果到本地。这个goal就是启动agent的过程。即使你没有需要传递的额外的参数,也需要在execute里面设置这个goal。
report的说明文档,它的目标是为了使用agent的运行结果生成一个测试报告。也是必要的。当然,我们可以配置各个参数来设置这个结果的覆盖文件,编码,报告生成地址等。
我们把pom里面的plugin改为下面的形式:
<plugin>
<groupId>org.jacoco</groupId>
<artifactId>jacoco-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>0.7.9</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>pre-test</id>
<goals>
<goal>prepare-agent</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
<execution>
<id>post-test</id>
<phase>test</phase>
<goals>
<goal>report</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
好,下面运行maven install, 就看到了生成的测试覆盖率报告了。
主清单属性
当我们在命令行要运行这个jar的时候
java -jar target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
发现提示错误:
target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar中没有主清单属性
这里提示我们没有设置主清单属性,就是没有设置主函数。
(当然我们可以使用
java -cp target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar com.yejianfeng.maventest.App
来指定运行哪个类)
我们需要一个插件来设置主清单,让我们的这个jar包变成可执行jar包(也叫uber-jar 或者 fat-jar)。这个插件的主页在:https://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-shade-plugin/
通过看文档,我们知道这个插件有两个goal,除了help目标之外,最有用的是shade目标。它默认绑定在package阶段的。这个goal有一个trasformer的配置,可以设置manifestEntity。这个实体可以告知这个库使用的主类是什么。
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
<configuration>
<!-- put your configurations here -->
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<phase>package</phase>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<manifestEntries>
<Main-Class>com.yejianfeng.maventest.App</Main-Class>
</manifestEntries>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
好了,现在可以生成可执行jar包了
➜ maventest java -jar target/maventest-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
Hello World!
name is yejianfeng
而且这个jar包也包含了所有的依赖包。